یاسمینا کاتبی

Ecstasy is a strong hallucinogenic drug, which is widely used as a street drug. It can improve mood and social relationships in the short term. Studies in humans and animals have shown that ecstasy can cause toxic effects on the nervous system. Although many research has been done on ecstasy but its mechanism of action is still not fully understood. Ecstasy is capable to inhibit serotonin in axon terminals of the brain in rats and mice. It destroyed neurons in the hippocampus, basal ganglia, insula, and parietal cortex. Heat gain, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, liver dysfunction, seizures, memory loss as well as cognitive and mood disorders are among toxic effects of this drug. There are some reports of its toxic effects on the nervous system. Evidence suggest that it can cause resistant psychotic disorders and depression in some consumer. Investigations have shown that the major cause of complications of this drug is reduction of serotonergic system activities. Frequent use of ecstasy (or its addiction) can cause the loss and degradation of the serotonergic neurons.
Use of ecstasy is increasing and prevention of its damage to nervous system should be considered. Administration of neuroprotective substances may prevent these complications.

Ritalin is a methylphenidate and a stimulant of the nervous system. Its Pharmacological effects are similar to amphetamines. Ritalin is used in hyperactive children and in some cases of brain trauma usually in the form of tablets. It has been the most effective and common drug for treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for years. Ritalin has a high potential for abuse, particularly in some students use it to increase focus in order to success in exams. Use of high-dose Ritalin via intravenous and inhalation or intranasal administration can cause many complications similar to cocaine and amphetamine. These complications include violent behavior, hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability, panic, and psychosis. In some animal models, structural damage to the nervous system and other organs has been reported. So, distribution and usage of Ritalin should accurately be controlled and monitored to prevent its abuse.