دکتر علی رضایی شریف

This study aimed to develop a model exploring the role of anxious attachment and avoidant attachment in marital relationship quality, with the mediating effect of relationship sabotage among married individuals.

This descriptive-correlational study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population included married individuals residing in Tehran during autumn 2023. A total of 420 participants were convenience sampling method from four psychology centers. To collect information from Relational-connectivity scale (RCS, Galovan et al., 2022), relationship sabotage scale (RSS, Peel & Caltabiano) and Experience in Close Relationship- Relationship structures (ECR-RS, Fraley et al., 2011) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and SEM through SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 software.

The findings indicated a good model fit and demonstrated significant relationships between avoidant attachment, anxious attachment, defensiveness, and lack of relationship skills with marital relationship quality (P < 0.01). Significant associations were observed between avoidant and anxious attachment with defensiveness and lack of relationship skills (P < 0.01). Furthermore, defensiveness and lack of relationship skills were identified as mediators in the relationship between insecure attachment and relationship quality.

These findings suggest that insecure attachment styles play a critical role in marital relationship quality. Addressing these attachment styles is essential for improving marital interactions and resolving conflicts. Moreover, avoidant and anxious attachment tendencies may exacerbate relationship sabotage, thereby reducing relationship quality.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the tDCS method and short-term cognitive rehabilitation protocol on verbal fluency and visuospatial ability in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease.

The research method was an extended experiment with two experimental groups and one control group, which was conducted using the pre-test and post-test method. The statistical population included elderly people over 65 years of age with mild Alzheimer's who lived in Ardabil who had been referred to a neurologist in 2022,among these people, 60 people were randomly selected into two groups. An experimental and a control group were assigned. Then tDCS method was applied for 10 sessions of 20 minutes in one experimental group and short-term cognitive rehabilitation program for 9 sessions of 90 minutes was applied in the second experimental group and no intervention was performed in the third group. The post-test was conducted at an interval of one week. After one month, the studied groups were followed up again. Aden Brook's revised version of the cognitive test was used to collect data.

The results showed that tDCS significantly improves the visual component and the cognitive rehabilitation method improves perception. In general, it seems that the performed interventions improved visual spatial ability in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease, while they had no significant effect on the variable of verbal fluency.

It can be concluded that both methods can be used to improve the spatial visual ability of the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease.

The present research was conducted using factor analysis to investigate the psychometric properties of the marriage assessment and marital counseling questionnaire among Muslim societies, which has been standardized in Qatar. The population included married men and women in the cities of Zanjan and Qazvin in 2023, and 404 people were selected by the convenience sampling as the sample. The data were collected using the marriage assessment and marital counseling questionnaire, the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale, and the dyadic adjustment scale. In the data description section, frequency distribution tables, mean, and standard deviation were calculated and drawn, and in the inferential statistics section, SPSS was used for exploratory analysis, and LISREL was used in the confirmatory section. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by six experts in the field of psychometrics and counseling. According to the results, the criterion validity of the test (correlation with the ENRICH marital satisfaction scale and the dyadic adjustment scale) was 0.73 and 0.79, respectively, and was significant (P<0.001). The internal consistency coefficients using Cronbach's alpha for the entire questionnaire were 0.86. The results of the item-scale correlation coefficients indicated that this correlation was higher than minimum (0.20) for all items and the range of item-scale correlation was between 0.37 and 0.80. Examining the internal validity of the questionnaire using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis gave four factors, one less than the original version. Accordingly, its title was changed into the marriage assessment and marital counseling questionnaire among Iranian couples. Therefore, this questionnaire has the necessary capabilities to assess the marriage of Iranian couples and families and can be used for consulting and research purposes.

This study was conducted to determine the role of academic procrastination in the relationship between internalized shame and fear of negative evaluation with a tendency towards academic cheating among secondary school students. The present research design was descriptive and of correlational type, using a structural equation model. The statistical population of the study consisted of all eighth to twelfth-grade students in the city of Birjand during the year 2022-2023. the sample size was estimated at 200 participants. They were collected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The necessary data were collected using the cheating tendency questionnaire (TCS, Farast et al, 2013), Procrastination Assessment Scale–Students(PASS, Solomon & Rathblom, 1984),  internalized shame scale(ISS, Cook, 1993), and fear of negative evaluation scale(BFNES, Larry', 1983). The results showed a significant positive relationship between academic procrastination and a tendency towards academic cheating, with an effect coefficient of 0.31 (p > 0.05). There was also a significant positive relationship between internalized shame and academic procrastination, with an effect coefficient of 0.57 (p > 0.01). Additionally, the effect of internalized shame on the tendency towards academic cheating was found to be indirectly positive with a coefficient of influence of 0.18 (p > 0.05). The results showed that academic procrastination alone and also with the mediation of internalized shame can explain the tendency to cheat in school.

Death is an inevitable and uncontrollable aspect of human life. One of the most challenging tasks we face is adapting to the loss of loved ones. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of an educational protocol based on the injuries caused by the bereavement of a child on the quality of life and marital intimacy of couples.

In this research, a single-case tentative design of the asynchronous multiple baseline type was utilized. Three stages of baseline and ten sessions of ninety-minute training protocols focused on bereavement injuries were implemented, alongside three stages of follow-up. The participants assessed their experiences using scales measuring marital intimacy and quality of life. The statistical population comprised couples who had tragically lost their son during the recent year from 2023-2024. The sample size included six individuals, representing three couples, who were selected from those available among this population.

The data were analyzed using visual representations of the stable change index and the recovery percentage formula. The research findings indicated that, on average, there was a significant improvement in both marital intimacy and quality of life for the three couples during the post-training and follow-up phases

The research findings indicate that training focused on the effects of losing a child has positively impacted the marital intimacy and overall quality of life for bereaved couples. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists and counselors recognize the challenges that the loss of a child presents in marital relationships and provide support in this area.

The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy in addressing the psychological and marital issues of women who have a veteran spouse. The research was conducted using an exploratory mixed-methodsapproach and encompassed both qualitative and quantitative phases. In 2020, the statistical population of the survey encompassed all women with veteran spouses residing in the 13th and 14th districts of Tehran. In the qualitative stage, purposive sampling was employed to select and interview 19 women with veteran spouses who were referred to the District 13 Municipal Health Center. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The identification of seven themes (anxiety, depression, fatigue and disability, irritability and aggression, loneliness, life dissatisfaction, and marital conflict) was the result of this analysis in the psychological-marital dimensions. Based on these components, a questionnaire was developed to assess the psychological and marital issues of women who have a veteran spouse. The data analysis in the experimental section was performed using the Bonferroni post hoc test and repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software version 22. The findings indicated that women who have spouses who are veterans encounter challenges in the areas of psychological, marital, physical, social, and economic well-being.Desirable psychometric properties were observed in the psychological-marital issues of women who completed a veteran spouse questionnaire. Also, compassion-focused therapy was effective in all psychological-marital aspects of the issues faced by women with a veteran spouse, resulting in a decrease in problematic behaviors. In the future, clinicians and researchers can investigate and mitigate the psychological-marital issues of women with a veteran spouse during counseling and psychotherapy sessions by implementing the combined study method, developing tools, and choosing the most suitable treatment.

As sport courage has become a prominent and strategic psychological concept in the success of athletes this study aimed to qualitatively investigate sport courage among Iranian wrestlers using the thematic analysis method. The research was conducted in April, May, and June 2023  in Sari City. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian wrestlers. Snowball sampling was used to facilitate communication with champion wrestlers. In total, seventeen basic themes, five organizing themes, and one  Global theme were categorized. The Global theme was sports courage, which includes the organizing themes of transcendence, assertiveness, skill, self-regulation, and altruism. The theme of transcendence, which focuses on progress and self-improvement, includes the basic themes (originality, austerity, trust in God, and death awareness). The theme of assertiveness focuses on basic themes (decisiveness, subjectivity, responsibility, and self-confidence). The theme of skill has emphasized the basic themes of expertise, resilience, communication, and self-talk. The theme of self-regulation has emphasized the basic themes (self-discipline and self-control ) and finally, the theme of altruism refers to the basic themes (empathy, compassion, and beneficence). The prominent role of culture and beliefs in the theme of transcendence has been the main contribution of this research. Because no other research mentioned it.

Alzheimer's disease is one of the most significant health issues of our time, affecting a large number of people. To mitigate its effects, various methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive rehabilitation are employed. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of tDCS and short-term cognitive rehabilitation protocols on aggressive symptoms and nocturnal behavior in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease.

This semi-experimental study included two experimental groups and one control group, using pre-test and post-test methods. The statistical population consisted of all elderly individuals over 65 years old with mild Alzheimer's who had consulted a neurologist in 2022. From this population, 60 individuals were selected through available sampling and then randomly assigned to either of the two experimental groups or the control group. The independent variables included direct current brain stimulation intervention (tDCS) for one experimental group, a short-term cognitive rehabilitation program for the second experimental group, and no intervention for the third group. Post-tests were conducted one week after the intervention on both experimental and control groups, followed by a follow-up after one month. A neuropsychological questionnaire (NPI) was used to collect data. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed using SPSS-23 software, with a significance level set at
p < 0.05.

The results indicated that both methods reduced aggressive symptoms in elderly individuals with mild Alzheimer's disease. However, neither method had a significant effect on reducing nocturnal behavior symptoms in these patients.

The findings suggest that both tDCS and short-term cognitive rehabilitation reduce aggressive symptoms in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease but do not significantly impact nocturnal behavior symptoms. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of these methods in addressing aggression and nocturnal behavior.

Love Trauma is a common phenomenon in students that causes academic and psychological problems. The aim of the current research was to identify the effective factors in the love Trauma of female students. research method was qualitative through semi-structured interview. The statistical population of this research was all the students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 1402 who were involved in the experience of love failure. Among them, 10 people were selected as a sample through purposeful sampling. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, five main themes of the love Trauma were identified, which included the following: Causes related to the family of origin and childhood, psychological causes, relational causes, causes related to the boyfriend, and concurrent causes with the relationship. Each of these overarching themes included many organized and basic themes. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that first of all, the past and the individual's developmental context in the family are very important in the love trauma, and the causes related to the present are of secondary importance. Therefore, it is suggested to prevent love trauma first of all to identify the person's primary relationships and their impact on the current life and the type of choices of the person and to inform the person in this field so that he can make a more correct choice.

The purpose of this study was to comparison the effectiveness of self-determination training and successful intelligence training on intrinsic motivation and academic optimism of female students with high academic burnout. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. In this research, the statistical population was all male students in Rashat city in academic year of 2022-2023. In the first stage, 60 students were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 20 students) and one control group (20 students) were replaced and experimental groups underwent self-determination training and successful intelligence training, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data third dimension of burnout scale (TDBS) of Breso and et al (2007), academic motivation scale (AMS) of Vallerand and et al (1992) and academic optimism scale (AOS) of Tschannen‐Moran and et al (2013). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-24 software with analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni. The results of the study showed that of both interventions had a significant effect on intrinsic motivation and academic optimism (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that successful intelligence training is more effective (P<0.05). Based on the results of the present study, it can be said that self-determination training and successful intelligence training can be used as a treatment method to on academic problems of students with high academic burnout in schools.

The purpose of this research was to design and validate a model for improving attention deficit and hyperactivity in primary school students of Ardabil City. The research was applied in terms of purpose, mixed in terms of the nature of data, and exploratory in terms of execution method. In the qualitative part, the semi-structured interview and database theory have been used. The statistical population of the qualitative section was university professors and experts in the field of school counseling and educational sciences, 15 of whom were selected based on the principle of opinion saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all the primary school teachers of Ardabil City in the academic year of 2023-2024 in the number of 2600 people, according to Morgan's table, 335 of them were selected based on stratified random sampling. The data collection tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire resulting from the refined concepts obtained from the primary codes. The data sets obtained after the continuous process of open, central, and selective coding were organized in the form of 156 open codes, 146 concepts, 12 categories and 6 classes based on a systematic approach. The findings of the research show the improvement pattern of attention deficit and hyperactivity in elementary school students of Ardabil city under the categories of personal and psychological characteristics, motor skills, social skills, attention deficit disorder, educational strategies at the individual level, educational strategies at the interpersonal and communication level, pharmaceutical interventions and nutrition, physiological and behavioral interventions, psychological control, strengthening motor and physical abilities, psychological growth and social participation were categorized and fit in terms of validation (p<0.05). Finally, it is suggested that the results of this research be used as a guide and a general path to improve attention deficit and hyperactivity by specialists in schools and in other centers such as psychological service centers, counseling and psychotherapy clinics, welfare centers, universities, etc. Use existing situations and contexts.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Affective Reconstructive and Emotional-Focused therapy with regard to marriage issues and forgiveness in women who filled for a divorce. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental research design is pre-test-post-test with a control group and follow-up stage. In 2021, the statistical population comprised all Ardabil women who filed for divorce and had a prior record of child marriage (less than 18 years). The population was purposively sampled to select 45 individuals, who were then randomly allocated into two groups of 15 (one for each group: experimental and control). The research instruments included the Interpersonal Forgiveness Scale (IF-25) and the Marriage Problems Questionnaire (PMQ). The interventions comprised eight 90-minute sessions per week, each centered on affective reconstruction and emotional-focused therapy. SPSS software version 22 was utilized to conduct the data analysis, which included multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that in women who filed for divorce, both affective reconstruction and emotional-focused therapy increased forgiveness and decreased marital problems; however, affective reconstruction therapy demonstrated a significantly greater degree of efficacy than emotional-focused therapy. Hence, in light of the elevated marital issues and diminished forgiveness rates observed among women who have filed for divorce, affective reconstruction and emotional-focused therapies, or a synergistic blend thereof, may be implemented to improve the forgiveness rate and mitigate marital problems.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the lived experience of women who file for divorce with a substance-dependent spouse.

The present study was a qualitative study based on a phenomenological approach. The statistical population was women applying for divorce with a substance-dependent spouse in Tehran in 2023, and 17 subjects were selected based on purposive sampling and using the technique of data saturation. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

In this study, after extracting key phrases and words from the interview text, 4 main themes and 16 sub-themes were extracted. The main themes included marital dissatisfaction, emotional separation, forced divorce, and concern for the future of themselves and their children.

The families and especially the spouses of male substance users need comprehensive understanding and support as they are exposed to extreme personal and social vulnerability. These results give the treatment team a new perspective to understand more realistically the families of substance-dependent patients and their real problems.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and short-term cognitive rehabilitation protocol on Symptoms of hallucinations and delusions in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease. The research method was an extended experiment with two experimental groups and one control group, which was conducted using the pre-test and post-test method. The statistical population included all elderly people over 65 years of age with mild Alzheimer's who had referred to a neurologist in 1401, and among these people, 60 people were selected by available sampling and then randomly. They were assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). Then, the independent variables of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for 10 sessions of 20 minutes once a week on an experimental group and a short-term cognitive rehabilitation program for 9 sessions (90 minutes each session) It was designed according to the documentary method and based on Luria's (1963) healthy function replacement approach, and after confirming the validity of the content by experts, it was applied to the second experimental group once a week, and no intervention was performed on the third group. After the end of the intervention, the post-test was conducted with an interval of one week on the experimental and control groups. After one month, the studied groups were followed up again. Neuropsychological Questionnaire (NPI) was used to collect data. The results showed that both methods improve hallucination symptoms in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two methods. while they had no significant effect on the delusion variable. Therefore, it can be concluded that both methods can be used to improve hallucinations in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a parenting program based on mindfulness on the resilience and quality of the parent-child relationship in mothers with children with gender dysphoria. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research consisted of all mothers with children with gender dysphoria in Tehran in 2023, among them, based on the gender identity questionnaire (2007) and clinical interviews with their children, 30 people were selected purposefully and randomly in the experimental group. (15 people) and the control group (15 people) were replaced. To collect data, Wagnild's Resilience Scale (RS-2009) and Fain et al.'s Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS-1983) were used, then Mindfulness-Based Parenting Program (2014). The experimental group was taught in 8 two-hour sessions weekly and in groups. Data analysis was done with the statistical variance analysis method with repeated measurements. The results showed that the significant level of resilience and the quality of parent-child relationships of the experimental group between the pre-test stage and the post-test and follow-up and between the post-test and follow-up stage is less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Therefore, the results show that the parenting program based on mindfulness improved the resilience and quality of parent-child relationships in mothers with children with gender dissatisfaction, and this improvement was maintained until the follow-up stage.

The current study has been conducted to get the amount of effectiveness of the compassion-based approach on alexithymia and the sense of coherence in mothers with intellectually disabled children. It has been in progress for two months with a semi-experimental design using pre-test and post-test, accompanied by a control group. The whole population of the study involved 56 mothers having intellectually disabled children, who registered them in the Marand Well-being Organization Office from 2017 to 2022, of whom 30 had the required condition to get into the research. The study used a purposeful method for choosing the samples and put them randomly in two experimental and control groups. Compassion-based approach training was conducted in eight sessions for the experimental group while the control group received nothing. The data collected were analyzed and collected through alexithymia and the sense of coherence scales and were undergone the SPSS-22 software for the latter analysis and variance calculations. According to the results obtained compassion-based approach therapy for alexithymia and sense of coherence had a meaningful effect (p≤0/05). The follow-up stage has also demonstrated that the effect of compassion-based treatment on alexithymia and the sense of coherent sense of mothers with intellectually disabled children has been stable. Based on the results, psychology and counseling experts could use compassion-based training programs for alexithymia reduction and coherence sense enhancement of intellectually disabled children’s caregivers.

career plateau Refers to feelings of failure or frustration that people experience temporary or permanent in the career process . The purpose of this research is to Designing the Model of influential Factors on the career plateau among Elementary School Teachers by using a grounded theory systematic approach. The study population included all profossor, principals and teachers of the province of Kermanshah that among these 25 samples were selected using purposive samplin. for data collection, interview was used. To examine the reliability of data retest and reliability of two coders methods and To examine the validity of data, Strategy of pluralism and colleagues investigated strategy was used. The results of data analysis in three stages open coding, axial and selective Suggests 15 main categories in the conceptual model Included casual conditions (individual, organizational, educational, economic factors), central category (career plateau,), Strategies (Training and empowerment, moral and material support, career counseling), Contextual factors (Schools, social factors (,interferer factors (family factors) and outcomes (organizational indifference, laziness organizational, intellectual frost, Inefficiency) are explained the career plateau and demonstrated relationships between them. job stagnation among teachers is an inevitable phenomenon and the managers and officials of the educational system must be able to deal with this negative phenomenon while accepting it and facilitate the achievement of educational goals.Key word: career plateau, Teachers, grounded theory

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying gender role conflict and financial conflict of working women involved in marital conflict. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method. In this study, the researchers selected 10 working women involved in marital conflict in the summer of 1401 in Tehran using targeted sampling And with the questions compiled from the review of research literature and the opinion of professors of psychology and family counseling and an expert in the subject area (couple therapist), they were subjected to a semi-structured interview. In this way, the data were collected. The data analysis was done with the seven-step Claizian method and the results led to the identification of 2 main themes under the headings of financial conflict with sub-themes (financial border, financial abuse, Irrational financial thoughts, Financial non-compliance and Individualism in financial decisions) and role conflict with Sub-themes (Ignoring the independence of women, Misogyny in financial and social decisions, Misogyny in the division of duties, Prohibition of women's ownership). The results showed that women's financial inefficient behaviors in marital relationship lead to marital conflicts and also according to the lived experiences of the participants, men's traditional gender attitude in dealing with various issues of joint life and their unequal views towards their wives is an important factor in these financial measures. It is the inefficiency of women that is the cause of marital conflicts.

Since two gender groups are established in societies, it is not surprising that some parents suffer from psychological problems due to shame and embarrassment as soon as they learn about their children's gender selection. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a parenting program based on mindfulness on depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers with children with gender dysphoria. The research design was a semi-experimental type with an experimental group and a control group, in which a pre-test-post-test design with a follow-up period was used. The statistical population of the research was made up of all mothers with children with gender dysphoria in Tehran in 2023, and 30 of them were selected based on the gender identity questionnaire )Deogracias et al, 2007( and a clinical interview structured according to DSM-5 criteria with their children. and were randomly replaced in the experimental group (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The selected subjects in both groups were measured by the pre-test and depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1996), after that the parenting program based on mindfulness (Bögels & Restifo, 2014) was taught to the experimental group, but the control group received no training. did not receive After the training, a post-test was conducted in both groups, and a follow-up test was conducted in both groups after three months. The obtained data were analyzed using the statistical method of variance with repeated measurement and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software. The results of the research showed that the parenting program based on mindfulness improved the level of depression, anxiety, and stress in mothers with children with gender dysphoria, and this improvement was maintained until the follow-up stage (P<0.05). Based on this, this type of training can be used to improve the psychological condition of this group of mothers.

This research is from the point of view of practical purpose, from the point of view of qualitative-quantitative (mixed) nature of data, from the point of view of descriptive survey data collection, with an interview approach and from the point of view of field strategy. Due to the exploratory nature of the research subject, a sequential exploratory mixed research design was used, which was carried out in two qualitative and quantitative phases. Data and information in this research were collected based on interviews with experts until reaching theoretical saturation, and based on these data, a related questionnaire was designed and the participants were evaluated and asked for their opinions. In this study, 24 people were selected (overall). In fact, from the interview of the 16th person onwards, repetition was observed in the received information, but to be sure, it continued until the 24th person, and from the interview of the 20th person onwards, the data became completely repetitive and reached theoretical saturation. The sample size was selected based on Cochran's formula of 186 people. The results in the qualitative section showed that 4 factors affecting the development of academic ethics in students were identified.

Since the anxiety is one of the effective factors in athletes, The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on reducing anxiety in Martial Athletes.
The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all Martial Athletes in Ardabil in 2022. 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned in experimental and control group (15 people in each group). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was implemented in 10 sessions, each session lasting 20 minutes, but the control group received no training. Data was collected using State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (Moritz, 1990), which were administered in two stages of pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
The results showed that there was a significant difference between the post-test scores of the experimental group compared to the control group. In other words, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) led to a significant increase in the self-confidence scores and a significant decrease in the physical and cognitive anxiety scores of the athletes (P<0.05).
According to the results of this study, the treatment of transcranial direct current stimulation is an effective intervention on reducing anxiety in Martial Athletes and is a suitable, low-cost and accessible way that athletes can use.

The aim of this study was to investigate psychological-marital problems of women who filed for a divorce and examining the effectiveness of affective-reconstructive therapy on it.

The research design was mixed-method. In the qualitative stage, 15 women who field for a divorce were selected using purposive sampling and interviewed. The statistical population included all women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage in 1399 in Ardabil. To analyze the data, the thematic analysis was used. This analysis in psychological-marital dimensions led to the identification of 7 themes (anxiety, depression, nostalgia and loss, confusion, insecurity and pessimism, lack of mutual understanding, and marital conflict). Then, based on these themes, a psychological-marital problem questionnaire (PMPQ) was designed and after confirming the psychometric properties, in order to determine the effectiveness of affective-reconstructive therapy, this questionnaire was used.

The results of the qualitative part showed that women who filed for a divorce with a history of early marriage, experience problems in the psychological-marital dimension. The questionnaire of psychological-marital problems of marriage (PMPQ), had good validity and reliability. Also, Affective-reconstructive therapy was effective in all dimensions of psychological-marital problems and led to the reduction of problems.

Therapists and researchers can use the psychological-marital problems of marriage questionnaire and Affective-reconstructive therapy to assess and improve the problems of women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage.

AbsractThe aim of this study was to confirm the confirmatory factor analysis of the Happiness Assessment Scale in middle-aged women. For this purpose, among middle-aged women (40-65 years old), 280 people were selected by convenience sampling method and answered the happiness assessment scale in middle-aged women (Shin & Kim, 2021). In the present study, the results of data analysis by confirmatory factor analysis showed that the happiness assessment scale, like the main form, consists of four factors: Self-value, Positive thought, self-management and Family relations. The results of validation based on Cronbach's alpha were also 0.93, which is an appropriate value. The results of this study show that this scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing happiness in middle-aged women.Keywords: Happiness assessment Scale, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, reliability, validity, Middle-Aged Women.