دکتر سعید رستمی

Sports rehabilitation is the return of the athlete after medical procedures to the level of fitness that she had before the sports injury. Purpose of this study was to provide a monitoring model for the rehabilitation of injured professional athletes.

This study had a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the research included all specialists and academic staff members of the university in the field of rehabilitation of injured professional athletes in Isfahan province. Purposeful and snowball sampling methods were used to select the participants in the research. To collect data, 18 interviews were conducted between 25 and 45 minutes. The database method was used to identify the components and design the research model with the approach of continuous comparative analysis or simultaneous data analysis. P-Scott's reliability coefficient was used for validation, and its value was 0.83, which is acceptable. The retest reliability in this research was equal to 0.84, which confirms the reliability of coding.

After three stages of coding, 50 open codes were identified, which were divided into 13 axial codes and three selective codes including structural (organizational factors of the club, fans, management, teammates, and coach), individual (psychological, moral, personality, and specialized) and environmental (media, sports-medical facilities, insurance and family) were divided.

Rehabilitation of injured professional athletes includes three structural, individual and environmental dimensions. The structural dimension includes the organizational factors of the club, fans, management, teammates and coaches, and follow-up on the health and well-being of the injured player, material and spiritual support for the injured athlete, club fans' and personal expectations from the injured athlete. Seen, the relationship with the fans and the theoretical and practical knowledge of the coach are important in working with the injured athlete. Individual factors include psychological, moral, personality and specialized components, and in this dimension, having motivation during treatment, emotional stability during treatment, moral orientation, social relations, being committed, paying attention to values, having patience and Patience during treatment, having sports literacy and practicing and correcting technique at the time of injury are important. Environmental factors include sports-therapeutic facilities, insurances, media and family, and the role of bodybuilders, coaches, psychologists, rehabilitation specialists, medical specialists and treatment staff, the quality of the training place, personal (having life-liability insurance), club (treatment), the level of family support and the level of family expectations are the most important things. It is suggested to hold appropriate training courses in this regard for the trainers of this field.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying prevention strategies for shin-splint injury in volleyball.

The research method was a mixed qualitative-quantitative type. The participants in the qualitative part were 12 sports pathology specialists and physiotherapists who were selected purposefully. Theoretical saturation was achieved in the 10th interview, but two more interviews were also conducted and coded according to the data-based method in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The samples of the quantitative part were specialists in the field of sports pathology, physiotherapists, male and female volleyball players, and volleyball coaches. The items of the questionnaire were prepared according to the model and its validity was confirmed by 5 members of the sports science faculty.

in three categories of structural factors (preventive or preventive actions, knowledge and ability, main causes of disease, lack of time, structural, coordination, semi-structural factors and management and planning), behavioral factors (physical characteristics, Personality characteristics, attitude changes, intra-personal factors and extra-personal factors) and environmental factors (physical and environmental factors, physical and cultural characteristics, communication system and media performance) were divided. The results of factor analysis showed that environmental, structural and behavioral factors respectively have the highest factor load among the prevention strategies for shin splints in volleyball players.

Some environmental factors can be controlled, and by controlling them, shin-splint damage can be prevented, such as using suitable shoes and changing them on time,  and training on surfaces that absorb the impacts of the activity well.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a course dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training program on balance and ankle proprioception in female patients with MS.

For this study, 24 people were selected who were divided into control (Number: 12 people, Age: 45.50 ± 3.06 years, Height: 1.66 ± 0.02 m, Weight: 58.08 ± 3.05 kg, BMI: 20.99 ± 1.04 Kg/m2, EDSS: 2.05 ± 0.75) and training (Number: 12 people, Age: 43.91 ± 2.84 years, Height: 1.65 ± 0.03 m, Weight: 56.91 ± 4.73 kg, BMI: 20.75 ± 1.17 Kg/m2, EDSS: 1.91 ± 0.51) groups. In this study, static balance was evaluated by Sharpen Romberg test and dynamic balance was evaluated by Timed Up and Go test. Also, ankle proprioception was evaluated in two positions dorsiflexion and plantar-flexion with a goniometer. At the end of the evaluations, the training group performed the exercises for 6 weeks (3 sessions per week). The control group also engaged in their daily activities during this period. Assessments were performed again after the exercises. In this study, Shapiro–Wilk test was used to check the normality of the data. Analysis of covariance and paired t-test, Yu Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon were also used to analyze the effect of exercise on variables and differences between groups. SPSS24 software was also used to analyze the data in this study.

The results of this study showed that the dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercise program had a significant effect on improving static balance with open eyes (P=0.001) and (P=0.001), dynamic balance (P=0.001) and proprioception the foot is in dorsiflexion (P=0.01) and plantar flexion position (P=0.001). Also, the results of comparison between the two groups showed a significant difference between the two groups (P≤0.05).

Based on the results of using this exercise program, it is recommended to the therapists involved with these patients.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of twelve weeks of combined training and spirulina supplementation on Irizin, PGC1-α and some body composition indices of obese men.In this applied and quasi-experimental study, 60 obese men with body mass index above 28 kg / m2, were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups; Combined exercise + spirulina, combined exercise + placebo, spirulina and control group. The training protocol was a combination of aerobic (endurance) training and resistance training for 12 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 60 minutes. Exercise and spirulina groups took two 500 mg spirulina and placebo capsules daily, respectively. The aerobic exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill for 20 minutes with an intensity equivalent to 60 to 75% of the reserved heart rate. Also, resistance training includes 10 stationary movements in a circle with intensity equal to 60 to 80% of 1RM with 10 repetitions per movement for 2 consecutive sets with a rest time of 30 seconds between each station and a total of 2 minutes between each round. Body composition indices were also measured before and after exercises. 10 ml of blood was taken from the antecubital vein of the left arm after 12 hours of fasting. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 and Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests, one-way analysis of variance, LSD and paired t-test.According to one-way analysis of variance, plasma levels of Irisin (p = 0.019) and body weight (p = 0.004) were significantly different between different groups, but BMI and WHR were not significantly different (05 / 0≤p). Accordingly, plasma levels of Irizin and PGC1-α, WHR and BMI showed a significant difference between exercise + spirulina and exercise + placebo groups, as well as body weight values for exercise + spirulina, exercise + placebo and spirulina groups.The findings of the present study showed that with increasing muscle endurance due to repetition or due to anabolic nature of resistance training or increase in lean muscle mass, Irisin secretion followed by PGC1-α may increase. Following an increase in PGC1-α, an increase in the FNDC5 membrane protein occurs in muscle, which leads to the production and release of Irisin into the bloodstream. The reason for the increase in Irisin in the PGC1-α response to exercise is probably to be found, which has been the stimulus for this type of exercise.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of eight weeks of resistance-plyometric training and small sided game (SSG) on IL-6, TNF-α and growth hormone in adolescent male soccer players. For this purpose, 30 male soccer players with age range of 14-17 (mean age 14+1 yr, height 1.71+0.06 m, weight 62.3+15.1 kg) were divided randomly into three groups: SSG (n=8), resistance-plyometric (n=11) and control (n=11). Before and after eight weeks of training in the resting state, GH, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured. Then, subjects performed their training protocols for 8 weeks. The SGG training protocol included eight weeks of small sided game which was divided into two 4-week phases to set the intensity. The resistance-plyometric training protocol included eight weeks of resistance-plyometric training and the subjects performed the training twice a week along with regular football training. In order to compare data within groups, dependent t test was used and to compare between groups, ANOVA and Scheffe tests were used. The findings showed that after 8 weeks of SSG training, IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly and GH decreased significantly (p=0.001 for all three groups) while no significant change was observed in the resistanceplyometric group (p=0.052) (R2) (p=0.126, p=0.602). It can be concluded that in SSG training protocol, due to high intensity and high levels of stress hormones, muscle glycogen storage depletion and tissue damage which occurs because of the rapid movements and repeated trauma in football, inflammatory cytokines significantly increase. Finally, high levels of cytokines reduce growth factors.