Journal of Exercise Physiology and Performance
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Summer 2023

Warmup is a main section of each training program and is necessary for better performance and decrease chance of sport injuries. Many warmup methods used with athletes and their effects are challenge full.  Squash players use different warmup methods like other athletes. Muscular power, anaerobic power and flexibility are important factors for performance of squash players. On the other hand, there are conflict in previous researches about the effect of different warmup methods on performance. Thus the propose of this study was evaluating the effect of static stretch, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and whole body vibration on muscular power, anaerobic power and flexibility of squash players.

Nine squash players randomly assigned in three groups and took three warmup methods on three weeks. Wash out period was one week. After each session, all variables were measured. One way ANOVA was used to detect differences between groups.

We couldn’t find any significant differences between groups in vertical jump, sit and reach and mean power tests.

It seems that there is not difference between the effect of whole body vibration, static stretch and PNF on our variables.

Basketball is a team-oriented and contact sport and participation in this sport entails accepting the risk of injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sports injuries among male basketball players in the country. The aim of this study was to determine the causes and prevalence of sport injuries.

This cross-sectional study employed a retrospective method and utilized a questionnaire on basketball injuries as documented by Marcus et al. The study surveyed 82 players from the Premier League and Division I, belonging to the 1401 basketball season. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi-square test (c2).

The results of the study showed that the frequency of injuries in the lower extremities (75%) was significantly higher than in the other parts of the body (p = 0.001, c2 = 94.46). In the lower limbs, knees and wrists had the highest injury rates (48.7%, and 46.2%, respectively) (p = 0.001, c2 = 41.49). Conversely, in the upper limb, shoulder had the highest injury rate (50%) though the difference was not significant (p = 0.26, c2 = 2.62). The mechanism of occurrence of damage was related to landing (44.2%), which was statistically significant (p = 0.001, c2 = 58.53).

The majority of injuries among basketball players affect the lower extremities, particularly the knees and ankles, likely due to frequent jumping and rapid movements during the game.

The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism resulting from defects in secretion and action of insulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on physical fitness indices and the amount of insulin taken in boys with type 1 diabetes

For this purpose, 64 adolescents boy with diabetes type I were selected and were divided into 2 groups: Aerobic training group (AE) (n = 32) and control group (CO) (n = 32).Aerobic training group did aerobic exercises for 6 weeks (3 days a week), while the control group did not do any exercise. Training program consisted of: a) warm-up (10 minutes); b) the original class (30 minutes); c) cooling (5 minutes). At first both groups performed fitness physical tests that include of flexibility (sit and reach test), muscular endurance test (sit-up test), aerobic capacity test (run 6 minutes’ walk), agility test (T-test) and anaerobic capacity (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test), also were recorded the amount of insulin consumption as a pre-test and then after six weeks both groups performed the same tests as a post-test.

The results showed that 6 weeks of aerobic training has a significant effect in increasing agility, flexibility, muscular endurance, aerobic power and anaerobic power in boys with type I diabetes (p<0.05). In addition, aerobic exercise group significantly reduced the amount of insulin than the control group (p<0.05).

The result of this study showed that the application of aerobic exercise is effective for improvement of physical fitness indices. This may reduce the amount of insulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and they are more likely to participate in sports activities.

Obesity and overweight are among the most common complications among high school students, which can be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Modifying the lifestyle through sports activities and herbal medicines is one of the solutions to combat this problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an 8-week cinnamon consumption with and without high-intensity interval training on blood lipid profiles in high school-aged overweight girls.

In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design, 36 overweight women aged 15-18 years were randomly assigned to one of the 3 groups: intense interval training (n=12), cinnamon supplementation (n=12) and intense interval training+cinnamon (n=12). The intense interval training program was conducted three times a week for 8 weeks in the two intervention groups. Each session, lasting 30-35 minutes, involved high-intensity exercises at 90-95% of peak oxygen consumption. Diet groups received cinnamon supplements at the rate of 6 grams/day for a period of 8 weeks. Body measurements (weight, body mass index) and serum levels of blood fats (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) were measured before and after the study. The data were analyzed using the dependent t-test and analysis of covariance at a level less than 0.05.

After 8 weeks of intervention, a significant decrease in body weight and body mass index and a significant increase in HDL cholesterol were observed in the intense interval training and intense interval training + cinnamon groups compared to the cinnamon alone group (p≤0.05). However, Bonferroni's follow-up test did not show significant differences in cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein levels between the groups (p≥0.05).

High-intensity intermittent exercise with cinnamon consumption can reduce body composition and some blood lipids more effectively than cinnamon supplementation in overweight high school girls.

The scientific community has consistently shown interest in exercise research due to its broad use in areas such as athletic training, health enhancement, and illness prevention. Over the course of several years, a variety of methods have been employed to examine the various physiological adaptations that are brought about by exercise stimulus. Technology in the realm of sports is rapidly evolving, with current technologies surpassing the capabilities and functionalities that were envisioned merely a few years ago. In this review, we presented the role of the utilization of wearable technology for monitoring training activities. Moreover, we discussed the field of sport science has undergone significant transformations in the contemporary era of digital sport.

sexual dysfunction is common amongst women and is considered one of the important causes of divorce. The current research aims to investigate the effect of mindfulness and Pilates exercises on the amount of female sexual function. The current research is a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design.

The current research participants consisted of 44 married women (mean age = 35.8 ± 5.1 years) with sexual dysfunction. They were selected as samples using the convenience sampling method. They were matched and divided into four groups: mindfulness, Pilates, combined exercises (mindfulness-Pilates), and control groups. Mindfulness and combined groups participated in mindfulness interventions for eight sessions (8 weeks, 1 session per week) and Pilates and combined groups performed Pilates exercises for 24 sessions (8 weeks, 3 sessions per week). During this period, the participants assigned to the no-intervention control group did their daily activities. Before and after intervention, data were collected using the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire.

Results from covariance analysis showed all three types of interventions have led to sexual function increase. However, combined exercises were more effective than the other two interventions.

Our findings suggest that Pilates and mindfulness exercises may improve sexual function in women with sexual dysfunction.

increasing body fat mass causes anemia. Exercising with the right type and intensity can improve iron status in people with extra fat mass. The aim of this study is to compare two different intensities of resistance training on hepcidin levels, iron status and body composition in obese/overweight girls.

40 university students (18-22years old) with 35>BMI≥25 voluntarily participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups of20, by blood sampling and based on serum ferritin (>30ng/ml or ≤30ng/ml). Subjects in each group were randomly assigned to one of the moderate or high-intensity training groups. Resistance training was performed 8 weeks, four days a week, and each session for one hour, with an elastic-band. body composition variables using specific tools, And the level of iron, hepcidin, TIBC, ferritin and hemoglobin was collected before and after exercise with the blood samples.

T-test showed, a significant decrease between pre-test and post-test in body composition variables, hepcidin and iron status variables of four groups other than hemoglobin. The analysis of variance of the bivariate showed a significant difference in hepcidin between the two groups with ferritin higher or lower than 30 ng/ml. The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference in hepcidin levels between the two groups with ferritin higher or lower than 30 ng/ml.

resistance training with two different intensities can reduce hepcidin, ferritin and BMI in obese girls with and without iron deficiency and improve body composition. Baseline ferritin level seems to be effective on hepcidin levels after intervention. Keywords: resistance training, hepcidin, iron status, obesity

Shoulder joint injuries are common among athletes performing overhead movements, and studies have shown that repetitive small impacts during throwing motions lead to chronic negative adaptations in the soft tissues of the shoulder joint. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week TRX exercise program on the range of motion and degree of shoulder imbalance in beach volleyball players.

The study included 30 female beach volleyball players. After collecting demographic information, the participants were divided into control and experimental groups. Range of motion and degree of uneven shoilderwere measured using a goniometer and scoliometer. Following the 8-week exercise program, the same tests were conducted on both groups, and the data were recorded. In the statistical analysis, paired t-tests and independent t-tests were used to test the hypotheses after confirming the normal distribution of the data.

The results showed a significant difference between pre-test and post-test measurements in the experimental group following the 8-week TRX exercise program, while no significant difference was observed between pre-test and post-test measurements in the control group. Additionally, the results of the independent t-test indicated a significant difference between post-test measurements of the experimental group and the control group.

Considering the effects of the TRX exercise protocol on the range of motion and uneven shoilderin female beach volleyball players, it is recommended for coaches and athletes in the beach volleyball field to incorporate TRX exercise protocols, specifically targeting the prevention of muscle injuries and addressing irregularities such as shoulder imbalances

Carrying a backpack incorrectly can have an impact on the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was the influence of different ways of backpack carrying on pelvic kinematics during gait among male students.

Twelve boys aged 7–12 years from Yazd participated in this study. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, unilateral and bilateral evaluations of walking while carrying backpacks were conducted. The data were processed using MATLAB software. The Shapiro-Wilk test was performed to determine data distribution, and the paired t-test was employed for statistical analysis (p<0.05).

According to the research's findings, the two carrying techniques had similar amounts of anterior pelvic tilt. However, the unilateral backpack approach had slightly greater values for this angle. Due to the positioning of the body on the ground and the slower rate of thigh extension, the graph is downward throughout the stance phase of stepping, which comprises approximately the first 60% of the gate cycle. Additionally, the two carrying techniques in this range differ the most from one another. The levels of coordination variability differed by 30 to 40 degrees in various deciles between the two carrying techs. Furthermore, compared to the bilateral carrying approach, the unilateral carrying strategy had substantially higher hip rotation variability.

Generally, the results indicated that except for hip-thigh coordination during walking, there are no appreciable differences in the effects of various backpack carrying techniques on the risk factors for hip-thigh injuries. Except for pelvic-thigh coordination during walking, while using various backpack carrying techniques, a significant difference was noticed.

The corona epidemic reduced physical activity in individuals, which is a determining factor in the physical and mental health of individuals, and is a part of the individual quality of life (QoL). This study had three aims. The first was comparing the Body Mass Index (BMI) and QoL of employees in a government organization before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, second evaluating how the BMI and QoL of the employees were affected by their PA levels (1.5, 3, or more than 4.5 h/w) and their occupation type (OT) (line, staff, or research), and third assess the BMI and QoL of the employees after two years of the COVID-19 pandemic based on their PA levels and OT.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, and the statistical population was the employees of a public organization. The data of this study were collected between 1398 and 1400, by using QoL Questionnaire were analyzed. Fifty active subjects (35.26 ±3.06 yr.) participated in this study. The t-test, Wilcoxon, F-test, ANCOVA Wilcoxon) as statistical analysis (P<0.05).

In the first stage, significant differences were observed in weight, BMI, and environmental health, and a significant decrease in QoL. In the second stage, a significant increase in mental health was observed in people who had 3 or more than 4.5 h/w of exercise before beginning Corona (p <0.05). The third aim is the environmental health significantly increased (PA) < 4.5 h/w, based on OT in three groups, but a significant decrease in social relationships (OT) in Group S, a decrease in QoL (PA) < 4.5 h/w, and, based on OT in three groups (P<0.05).

The findings emphasize the importance of physical activity in maintaining QoL and suggest that individuals should pay attention to performing PA in accordance with environmental conditions.

Considering the need of athletes to reach normal conditions and prepare for the next activities, the methods of removing lactic acid and reducing the heart rate are very important. The need of athletes to recover and to prepare for the next activities, methods of disposal lactic acid are important.

The purpose of this study was to compare of active and passive recovery after one exhausting exercise (Bruce) in blood lactate and heart rate in male runners. 26 healthy elite men were selected and then randomly divided in two groups of 12 men in active and 14 men in passive group. Before exercise, lactate acid and heart rate were measured, then each runner performed Bruce test so that he became exhausted completely then immediately and after 10 minutes lactate acid and heart rate measured again and analyzed by repeated measures test (p>. /05).

Results show that lactate acid and heart rate increase significantly immediately after exercise (p<.05). Changes 10 minutes after active and passive recovery decrease than after exercise but still increased significantly than before exercise.

Finding of this study showed that active recovery after an exhaustive training session causes significant

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder are the first victims of emotional, behavioral and educational neglect, so the treatment of these children is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of a course of Bray tonic exercises on improving confrontational disobedience and anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention was designed and implemented.

In this semi-experimental research, 40 female students aged 8 to 10 with coping behavior disorder were randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (20 people) and control group (20 people). The mean score of confrontational anxiety and disobedience was measured before and after 8 weeks of Bray tonic exercises, and finally the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as analysis of variance using version 21 of Spss software.

The mean and standard deviation of anxiety before performing Bray tonic exercises in the control and experimental groups were 17.3±15.80, 21.2±10.98 and after performing Bray tonic exercises in the control and experimental groups, respectively, 30±3.18. 18.4±35.39, 18.17, as well as the mean and standard deviation of oppositional disobedience before performing Bray tonic exercises in the control and experimental groups, respectively, 7.40±1.23, 8.15±745, and after performing Bray tonic exercises. In the control and experimental groups, it was 7.20±1.28, 7.20±1.95, respectively. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the amount of confrontational disobedience and anxiety of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder before and after a period of Bray tonic exercises (p≤/05).

The results of this study showed that a course of Bray tonic exercises can improve confrontational disobedience and anxiety in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.