دکتر مهدی منتظرقائم

The politics of memory is a prominent topic in cultural and media studies. From a political perspective, memory is one of the fields of identity conflicts. Identity competitions, in recent years, have led to the formation of identity gaps among some people in the society. In the last century, the media have played an intermediary role for the transfer of memory, so that today some have used the interpretation that the media is memory. Therefore, the intersection between memory studies and media studies is considered a popular research field. This article studies the different dimensions of memory narration in the intersection with the media. One of the functions of the media in the field of memory is the reconstruction of collective and individual memory. This article shows that the transmission of collective memory is, essentially, a media practice today. For this purpose, the theory of mediaization has been used to show what characteristics mediaization has given to collective memory. To achieve this goal, we selected 30 articles and with using the Meta-synthesis method, we showed what trends and macro-components are followed by memory and media studies. According to the findings of the current research, the studies of mediated memory at the global level focus on four main and frequent categories: 1. Objectification of memory using media (genres of mediated memory and digitization), 2. Referentiality and concreteness of the memory narrative (opening up for problems and emotional impact), 3. Individual and social functions of memory narration (collective recall and individual framing), and 4. The political-psychological nature of the memory narrative (counter-narratives and familiar mental pattern).

The course of historical developments indicates that "word" and "speech" have always served a basis for delivering religious messages to the people. In other words, "word" as a container has been a platform for presenting religious messages. However this concept has been seriously challenged by the unique features of the era that is referred to as the "image era" in the contemporary age. In fact with the advent of new media such as cinema, television, and Internet, messages are presented on an "image" basis.As in other religions, Islam also has restrained/prohibited the use of "images" partly throughout history, which brings up this question once more whether or not the religion is inconsistent with "image" and "imagery". This paper however claims that Islam is (definitely) consistent with these concepts for at least four reasons: (a) the place of imagery in the holy text of the Quran; (b) explaining Islamic concepts with verbal imagery; (c) image in the form of religious rituals; and (d) the place of "image" in Islamic art.

Today, brand has become one of the most important issues in all companies, so that no company can be considered without a brand. This issue has spread to such an extent that, in addition to politicians, some citizens are also trying to create a personal brand for themselves. Various measures can be taken to create a brand, which includes a wide range of advertising in large companies to the creation of content by citizens in social networks. This wide range can create a brand, although today the brand has become a complex and specialized science and has gone beyond a title, so that applying a brand name to a brand is considered as creating a limit for it. In this article, the role of public relations as one of the tools of brand production and promotion has been investigated, and interviews with communication professors and public relations experts from all over the world have been conducted using the grounded theory method. According to the obtained results, it was found that in addition to the main task of selling, the task of producing and promoting and stabilizing the brand is also one of the undeniable tasks of public relations. Therefore, by adopting appropriate strategies to produce, promote and stabilize the brand, public relations are able to develop organizational branding at the level of social networks.Despite the importance of this topic, so far, a comprehensive study, both in Iran and in Iran, has not been done in order to present itA strategic model as well as an explanation of the identification components of this emerging research area have not been done. In this research, according to the studied articles, we will try to create a model for relationship strategies by considering the identified components while receiving answers to our questions.General to draw organizational branding in social networks.

The significance of branding has grown significantly in today's corporate world. It has become essential for any organization to have a distinct brand identity. The impact of branding has expanded to encompass not only companies but also individuals seeking to create personal brands. There is a broad spectrum of strategies to develop a brand, ranging from extensive advertising campaigns in large institutions to the creation of content by citizens on social media platforms. A wide range of factors can contribute to branding, but it's important to note that modern branding has evolved into a complex and specialized discipline. Applying a brand name to a product or organization is not about confining its scope; on the contrary, it plays a crucial role in establishing a distinct identity in the market. Effective branding goes beyond mere titling and involves a multifaceted approach. The passage states that Keller has categorized the world as having entered the era of branding for several years, but given the current necessity and importance of branding, this era has not yet truly emerged in Iran. Many organizations are either unfamiliar with the term or, if they are aware of it, their understanding of it is still very limited. The study investigated branding through communication technologies, and the article is derived from a doctoral dissertation focused on developing a public relations strategy model for organizational branding in social media platforms.

This article focuses on examining the role of public relations as a tool for brand production and promotion. Interviews were conducted with communication professors and public relations experts from around the globe. The grounded theory method was employed to gather insights and information for this study. The article utilizes the purposeful sampling method to select a sample of individuals from various continents. Our total sample size consisted of 15 communication professors and public relations specialists. Through multi-stage interviews, we collected comprehensive data, which we subsequently analyzed using MacQDA software to extract relevant concepts and categories.

The study yielded results indicating that public relations goes beyond just selling. Producing and promoting the brand, as well as its stabilization in the market, are also considered essential responsibilities of public relations. Based on the categories derived from the data, we identified crucial theories like glass aquarium, organizational identity, and community culture. These concepts significantly influence brand building within organizations, and public relations specialists should pay attention to their use, especially in the context of new communication media.

Adopting suitable strategies for brand production, promotion, and stabilization enables public relations to effectively develop organizational branding in the realm of social networks.

Today, brand has become one of the most important issues in all companies, so that no company can be considered without a brand. This issue has spread to such an extent that, in addition to politicians, some citizens are also trying to create a personal brand for themselves. Various measures can be taken to create a brand, which includes a wide range of advertising in large companies to the creation of content by citizens in social networks. This wide range can create a brand, although today the brand has become a complex and specialized science and has gone beyond a title, so that applying a brand name to a brand is considered as creating a limit for it. In this article, the role of public relations as one of the tools of brand production and promotion has been investigated, and interviews with communication professors and public relations experts from all over the world have been conducted using the grounded theory method. According to the obtained results, it was found that in addition to the main task of selling, the task of producing and promoting and stabilizing the brand is also one of the undeniable tasks of public relations. Therefore, by adopting appropriate strategies to produce, promote and stabilize the brand, public relations are able to develop organizational branding at the level of social networks.

Media technologies have changed the mentality of societies. These changes, along with the rapid changes in technologies, have had different consequences for individuals. The most important of these differences are the differences in the epistemological attitudes of each generation. What is considered as the premise of this research is that the epistemological system of each period is constructable and the main factor for constructing each generation is the media that each generation uses. In other words, the agency of the media in generational change can be referred to as media socialization. In the theoretical literature section of this study, generational theories in sociology and generational studies literature from the perspective of media studies have been used. In order to answer the questions of this study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The age range of the interview participants is 15 to 45 years old. To this end, interviews were conducted with 30 people to identify their attitudes and experiences towards generational differences and differences. The research findings identified 4 generations with the titles of “adaptable”, “risky”, “changeable” and “unlimited”. Also, the findings show that in each generation, communication and interactive tools have an effective role in shaping generational epistemology. As we move towards the use of interactive and global media, traditional and customary values fade and people live outside the boundaries and common epistemological order.

One of the oldest discussions among newsroom researchers is the social control of newsrooms in order to maintain the news policy in the process of converting it to massage. In organizations, social control is tied up to the concept of policy implementation. The concept has different dimensions the most important of which is the translation and interpretation of policy for the implementers with the aim of creating shared understanding between the decision-maker and the implementer. With due attention to the nature of media, the importance of this fact in media organizations is more than the other organizations considering the nature of media act as a creative action and transferring news as an extremely variable act in terms of decision-making. Therefore, the present study examines the process of news policies’ translation for the newsroom of IRIB’s TV channel 1 evening news (21:00), through ethnography. In order to answer the main question, the research will evaluate three levels of the political service, TV news broadcasting administration, and within the evening news’ newsroom. At each of these levels, methods like oral interpretation (via meetings, phone or face-to-face communication) and written (via proceedings or the messengers) in the form, and declaring practices (imperative or persuasive) or participatory approaches have been identified for vertical and horizontal translations and were analyzed according to journalists (including manager, editor-in-chief or editor). This research suggests increasing the transparency of policies through making them closer to the decisions, reducing intermediaries in translation, explaining the reasons during translation and the necessity of having more confidence in journalists to the IRIB’s managers.

The significant growth of smartphones and social media evolved crisis communications, and this has led the related businesses to pay more attention to it. Nevertheless, the full potential of these new technologies has not yet been used during crisis circumstances. In this policy-making paper, we first examine the citizen-centered models of crisis communication and recognize the primary ways to use social media and smartphones before, during, and after the crisis using the recent global experiences as well as theoretical foundations. We will then evaluate the new state of crisis communications in Iran and, in line with global experience in using social media and smartphones in crisis communications, provide solutions for using new technologies for crisis communications in Iran. 
Smartphones and social media developed horizontal, bottom-up, citizen-centered communication patterns, rather than directional patterns from top to bottom, in all situations, especially during crisis communication. Social media plays a vital role in managing crisis conditions in all three stages of before, during, and after the crisis. Iran's crisis management system uses one-sided communication patterns with the citizens included in the crisis, and the mass media are the primary sources of communication with people in crisis conditions. It is possible to use proper solutions in a crisis management system to employ smartphones, and social media in crisis situations, including policy-making to use new technologies, building social media accounts, online conversation, and using the applications of mobile phones, the integration of social media and traditional media and the improvement of the Internet and mobile infrastructure in all regions of the country.

In this paper, it has been attempted from three perspectives for television, namely, the audience, content of the program and production system, by examining the system of production of religious TV programs, policies and approaches to the production of religious programs to be revealed. The groundwork or theoretical framework of this study is the hegemony theory that can be controlled through cultural consensus; it is even pursued in dialogue programs that provide the possibilities of presenting different viewpoints. The method for achieving this goal is a qualitative study in which in-depth interviews which are conducted in different levels with the planners of religious programs production on the other hand, in a way that an appropriate perspective can be attained as a whole in this regard. It can be concluded from these discussions series that in religious dialogue programs of IRIB goal setting, designing and panel experts are in a way that all lead to intended hegemony stabilization and not allow any harm, Which, of course, also does not meet Islamic standards of dialogue.

Lifestyle journalism, due to its diversity, Audience-friendly and growing trend, has a high status and importance in today's journalism. Meanwhile, the media system and the cultural and social context of any society are important variables that play a determinative role in the amount, nature and method of using this type of journalism. Therefore, the present article measures the frequency of use of various topics in lifestyle journalism in the country's news sites. Afterward analyzes in more depth the nature and characteristics of each category. The research method in the first part is quantitative content analysis and in the second part, qualitative type has been used. The population of the study was the news published in five popular news sites in the country (based on Alexa ranking) including Tabnak, ISNA, Young Journalists Club, Jamnews and Fars in the second half of 2018. The sample size was /10 of the statistical population, i.e. 18 days, and were selected systematic randomization. The research findings show that in the study period, 2535 articles were published in the content of lifestyle journalism, and the YJC. , Tabnak, Jamnews, Fars and ISNA have published the most and the least content in this regard, respectively. Overall three categories of "health", "religion" and "individual technology" are ranked first to third, respectively. But findings from qualitative content analysis show that lifestyle journalism in the studied news sites can be shown in a range that includes religion and health on the one hand, and celebrities' lifestyle, fashion, and beauty on the other.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cultural intelligence and conflict management strategies by cultural managers in cultural organizations in cluding Islamic Culture and Communication Organization in particular. The research method is descriptive correlation and survey approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of 160 managers and cultural experts of Islamic Culture and Communication Organization who were selected by using cochran sample size determination formula, the sample was 113 persons and the error level was 5%. To measure the validity of the measures, 20 subjects were snowbulleted and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for cultural intelligence (0.873) and for measurement of conflict management strategies (0.912). Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 software using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Spearman correlation tests and Kolmogoraf-Smirnov test). The findings showed that there was a significant correlation between managers' cultural intelligence and adopting conflict management strategies. The calculated significant relationship between cultural intelligence and solution-oriented strategy (r=0.612) variables and positive correlation direction indicates that the higher the cultural and metacognitive intelligence of managers, the more they use solution-oriented strategy a[1]nd in contrast, between cultural intelligence and non-coping strategy The correlation (r=-0.076) and control strategy (r=-0.143) and the direction of correlation with these two variables are negative and inverse and indicate that the higher the cultural intelligence of managers, the lower the application of two strategies of non-confrontation and control by them to manage conflict and vice versa.

The seventies according to the Iranian calendar and the beginning of the period known as "reconstruction era", marks a turning point in the post-revolution development of tradition-modernity confrontation, which has manifested itself more than anything eles in the lifestyle. This research seeks to study the representation of "lifestyle" in more watched family series in the seventies through cultural studies approach. To this end and by purposeful sampling, the TV serial "Pedarsalar" as the most watched family series which is closely related to lifestyle topics was chosen for a case study. In the theoretical literature section; lifestyle theories were reviewed and the constructive representation theory was employed as the theoretical framework of the study. As for the method, the semiotic models of Keith and Selby and Fisk triple analysis were used.The results show that the lifestyle has been represented on two main axes. The first axis is the contrast of generations while the second one is the conflict between traditional and modern lifestyles. Lifestyle typology is represented in the form of the duality of "traditional lifestyle of the older generation" versus "modern lifestyle of the new generation". The studied series prescribes a combination of the traditional and modern lifestyles to be suitable for the Iranian society. This combination includes assets, values, attitudes and patterns of human relationships. "Emphasis on the generations gap", "critique of the traditional patriarchal way of life of the older generation" and "non-interference of religion in lifestyles confrontation", are the preferred themes of this series.

This research aims to use the cultural studies approach to study The process of "representing" the concept of "lifestyle" in the popular family-social serials of IRIB in the decades after the revolution. For this purpose, by purposeful sampling one series was selected for each decade: "pa'ize sahra", "Pedar sa’lar", "khatt'e ghermez" and "Marg’e Tadriji’e yek ro’ya". In the theoretical literature section; lifestyle theories have been explored and the constructive representation theory has been used as a theoretical framework. In the method section, both semiotics and narrative analysis are used.
The results show that the life style representation process in the series studied is not linear and unilateral and in each series the way of life style representation has significant differences. In the series "pa'ize sahra" the lifestyle representation is centered around class conflict, and the serial narration goes through the antagonist confrontation of "upper class lifestyle" and "lower class lifestyle". In the "Pedar sa’lar" series, lifestyle representations are centered around the contradiction of generations, in the form of the dual confrontation between "old-generation traditional life style" and "new-generation modern lifestyle". In the series "khatt'e ghermez", the lifestyle of the early 80s youth is described as "a disruptive and heterogeneous lifestyle. In the "Marg’e Tadriji’e yek ro’ya" series, the lifestyle has been represented around the two axis of "the contradiction of tradition and modernity" and the "religious contradiction", represented in the dual contradiction of "traditional religious lifestyle" and "modern anti-religious lifestyle". The most important changes observed in representation policies for lifestyle are: Increasing exclusion in lifestyle representation, increasing the attribution of the Rejected (other) lifestyle to the influence or conspiracy of Western countries, and increasing involvement of political issues and religious conflicts in the representation of lifestyle.

In the present study, we have used the "narrative rhetorical analysis" to study two political documentary films “Iran and West” and “Narrative of Kingdom Palace. “Iran and west” ,a BBC product, looks at the relationship between Iran and the western countries and features interviews with politicians who have played significant role in events involving Iran, Europe and the United States since 1979. “Narrative of Kingdom Palace”, which is the product of the Islamic Republic of Iran television (IRIB), looks at Memories of the courtiers of Shah of Iran. These documentaries have been discussed and analyzed by 10 categories: 1. Narrator 2. Characters 3.Point of view 4. Narrative distance 5. Starting point 6. Presupposed information 7. Sequence and narrative causality 8. Encumbrance 9. Turning 10. Ending.  In narrative rhetorical analysis of documentary films ,utilizing the above topics as powerful communicative means in political genre, help the researchers discover the hidden layers and aspects used by communicators to convince their audience and provide better policies to impact on public opinions. Ultimately this study explores the characteristics of persuading program and documentary making from media organizations point of view. The results show that compare to the IRIB documentary production, narrative has a more important place in BBC documentary.

This article looks at the quality of cyberspace content on the horizon of Iran 2025. We seek to identify upcoming futures which called "scenario" in the futures studies literature. We categorized 15 driving forces with the highest importance and uncertainty, and then four critical uncertainties were identified to construct scenarios: user or technology centric, network status, global power balance of cyberspace and Iranian policy. 36 scenarios were created from the combination of the states of these uncertainties. By using cross-impact balance analysis method and ScenarioWizard software, finally, we identified five scenarios with the highest degree of consistency as more plausible scenarios. These scenarios are named as follows: Whale in the Ocean, Fish in the Aquarium, Dolphin in the Gulf, Turtle in the Pot and Frog in the Pond. Each of these scenarios depicts a different future image of the cyberspace content and the occurrence of each of them depends on our current decisions and actions. Finally, the indicators and sign guides of the scenario were identified so supervising the scenarios and monitoring events will be possible.

The epistemic changes occurring in the context of the Shiite clerical and seminary system are one of the most sensitive and controversial issues that have been considered by the scholars and theorists of religious studies in recent years and have been created Different typologies and classifications in various approaches in Qom today seminary. Meanwhile, one of the central problems surrounding the approach of clergy to modernity, which has been neglected in most theoretical and library studies, that is how such epistemic and discursive diversities are shown in the clerical encounters with today’s media texts. In other words, which “epistemic forces” determine clerical interpretations of media texts? Since the current "Islamic philosophy" is considered as one of the intellectual centers of Qom's seminary of today, the study of the clerical interpretations of the cultural-media texts of the day Society has an important and urgent need. Altogether, this study sought to discover and elicit clerical perceptions of media texts and, by way of that, compare and contrast epistemic worlds of various clerical schools in their encounters with/interpretations of social cinema and social issues of today’s Iran. Results show that, notwithstanding their commonalities, the wide range of Islamic philosophy and its two main constituents - Islamic philosophy with critical approach and Islamic philosophy with gnostic approach - has its own interpretive strategies which determine their evaluation of social issues and social films in their own (different) way.

The present descriptive study addresses the women's manner of consumption and reception of Qahve Talkh sitcom series in Sanandaj City. We analyze the formation of various types of readings among viewers and also investigate the individual and social factors affecting these readings, including age, educational level, marital status, and employment. We used qualitative method and the technique of in-depth interview with 28 women, relying on cultural studies and reception theory approaches. The findings show that Sanandaji women form interpretive communities within which they develop similar analyses of the series in some areas due to their similar everyday experiences, ethnicity, and gender. However, they have some differences in their consumption and reception of the series regarding the above-mentioned variables. In addition to these issues, social and political contexts at the time of release also affected viewer's readings of this media artefact.

An attempt to describe a desirable and ideal society and ways to achieve it by the mass media is one of their missions. In addition to introducing goods and services, the mass media also illustrates the ideal of human life as an implicit implication. In this study, for the purpose of discovering an ideal society, commercial advertisements as a cultural text were analyzed based on Roland Barthes's semiotic approach. Of the commercial advertisements broadcast by the TV of the Islamic Republic of Iran in July 2016, 32 ads were selected for analysis with a purposive sampling. Based on the classification of commercial ads that were divided into eight categories, the results showed that the ideal society in communication services, in financial services, in home appliances, in food and clothing, in detergent and cleaner materials, in health and beauty products, in travel services, and in the field of cultural services is represented respectively as technocentrism, economism, consumerism, luxuriousity and diversity, self-indulgence and consumerism, consumerism and prosperity, body adornment along with consumerism and naturalism, capitalism and luxuriousity, family-centeredness and the importance of women's role within the family.

Genre TV talk show is known as common and important through TV genres. This genre has specific properties, types, elements and numerous functions like all other TVs'. In order to get optimal utilization, ones should have inclusive and precise knowledge on their capabilities and challenges. So the article examines the capabilities and challenges in TV talk show on IRIB. A case study was considered and data collected from interviews. More than 40 managers, producers, and presenters were selected as interviewees based on Purposive Sampling. The results showed that the interviewees regard to genre TV talk show having the capacity and various benefits such as low production cost compared to other products, the most favorite structure for some topics and audiences, capacity and easy interaction with the audience and so on. The main challenges affecting TV talk shows include some inaccurate views on the genre, low financing, lack of technical facilities and poor planning, study and designing programs. The article indicated that proper attention to the features, requirements and benefits of a variety of talk shows and targeted use of them are the most important ways to overcome the challenges.

The aim of this paper is to study individuals’ motivations to consume artistic goods in Yasuj city located in south-west of Iran. Methodologically, this is a qualitative research and relevant data is collected by in-depth interviews. A sample consisted of 40 persons (20 males and 20 females), between the ages of 22 to 48 years old were interviewed. The interviews took more than 23 hours. The places of interview were two galleries and three arts stores in the Yasuj city. The time period of research was 29 November to 4 December 2014. The findings suggest that the motivations and experiences affecting the visit of arts galleries and artworks consumption are family orientations, training and educational, pleasure (psychological, aesthetic and entertainment), income, location and type of artworks supply, media, consumption taste, cultural policy, and, finally, age and sex factors. The results suggest that among the factors mentioned, the most important factors related to motivation are, family background, education and media factors. Also, the most important factors related to experiences are psychological, aesthetic and entertainment pleasures. In addition, despite the specific socio-cultural and ecological characteristics of Yasuj, that were predicted to be significant factors affecting the consumer tastes and their motivational parameter, it seems the people of this city, like many other cities in Iran, follow comprehensive and similar consumer mechanisms, notably the general pattern of consumption which is influenced by global and media promoted values.

This study aims to present a conceptual-theoretical model in order to facilitate the
future researches about rhetoric. Owing to media spread, content diversity, increase
in audience access to media and in media consumption, the audiences’ media literacy
has been increased respectively and today audience persuasion is different from past.
Therefore the approach of this study to rhetoric and its reception is different. rhetoric
,in its traditional definition, is the art of using language and speech effectively and
persuasively.in context of media studies, rhetoric is known as a set of techniques
in the service of media producers, but in this article rhetoric is considered as an
epistemological system in audience properties by which People can know about their
around.
The presentation of this modal can help us to answer these question: What is audience
position relative to the text message and the sender in rhetoric approach, what is
the role of receiver (audience), regardless of message and sender of the message?
What is the function of rhetoric in audiences’’ epistemological system when receiving
a message?

This article discusses actresse's representation on movie posters in the years 1368- 1392. To do this, 88 posters belonging to a 24 year period were quantitatively analyzed and 9 variables were considered, namely the proportion of poster size to women's pictures, the overall view, location of women's pictures throughout the layers, make up, covering, hijab, proportion of actresse's number to the whole, women's personality status in relation to all the characters, and movie genre. The samples were then categorized in 6 periods.
By applying Hall's discourse approach, this study is generally an emphasis on the significance of adapting representations with thoughts and ideologies. The results show that the cinema values and policies used in the 70s and 80s concerning covering, hijab and make- up were not represented and they were treated passively on the part of the governmental structure in relation to cinema requirements.

Today, media are pervasive and influential institution in production; reproduction and distribution of knowledge in the world. Much of the economic, cultural, political and social issues in national and international arena are presented in media environment. International and regional crises are not only communicated by the media, but they are constituted by media strategies and mechanisms. The aim of this research is to study presuppositions in Turkish news media discourse. To achieve this goal, this paper analyses presuppositions and their possible ideological reasons in the critical news article of Turkish newspapers on Syria crisis. Based on theoretical frameworks of critical discourse analysis and tools and techniques from the theoretical works of other disciplines (such as Semantics, Pragmatics), the research's data are analyzed. This analysis indicates that selected news article writers presuppose same knowledge about Syria crisis and their regional and global actors for political/ ideological reasons. This presuppositions have elements and components that constitute discourse of Syria crisis's portrayal in the news article of Turkish newspapers.