مقالات رزومه دکتر رضا بیات

In the treasure of Persian manuscripts, there are many epic and religious verses on the subject of the biography, beneficences, and battles of the Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) and Imam Ali (AS). Saqib's Masnavi (Hamleyeh Heydari) attributed to Mohammad Hossein Saqib Isfahani, is an epic and religious epopee, a unique copy of which is kept in the National Library of Iran by number 15752. The manuscript of this unknown epopee was composed in 1255 AH; however, due to the loss of the first pages and its preface, the name of the composer, the title of the poem, the date, and the reason for its composition are not known precisely. The current research, while introducing this manuscript, seeks to answer two research questions: What is the significance of Saqib's Masnavi from the point of view of literature, rhetoric, and terminology? How can its attribution to the composer be proven? The edition and examination of this manuscript show that Saqib's Masnavi is one of the most significant and precious religious poems, which, in addition to its religious worth, deserves attention in terms of literature, language, and the inclusion of rare ancient words of Persian texts.

 In this article, the general features of the Neo- Classicism in the Persian literature that is called return school in the Farsi, are briefly reviewed. Then, one of the most important but neglected point of this school is scrutinized; That is, eulogistic and religious odes. Research on the poetry of Persian Neo- Classicism school generally focuses on two areas: first one, identifying anonymous poets and correcting their poetical works, and other studies have been done on the methods of imitation and the influence of well-known poets. It seems that the Scholars agree on lack of innovations and additions poetry on this period, and by this reason, poetry of this period from prior times to nowadays to be rarely present in textbooks and excerpts from Persian literature.

 This article examines the content of the poems of 16 poets in the desired period, verse by verse and provides statistics on the innovation of Persian Neo- Classicism poetry in the field of ritual poetry and stagnation, imitation and repetition in the poetry of government-affiliated poets of this era. From each poet, two poems have been analyzed, one about praise of Imam Ali and another one about Imam Reza. Data analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel software.

 According to this research, there is an inverse relationship between the fame and innovation of the poets of this period. Well-known poets such as Saba and Qaani suffer from a lack of content, and deep precise poets such as Ayati Birjandi, Soroush Esfahani and Elahi Ghomshei do not have a great reputation. This challenges the judgments of authors of the periods of Persian Literature and their judging criteria.

 It is shown here that the most what is said about the Persian Neo- Classicism is based on the government-affiliated poets of this school and periods, not the Shiite poetry. The content of Shiite poetry in this period is completely changed and its quantitative and qualitative growth is palpable.

The difference of religious poems with other is their content; then the main approach in criticism of this poetry, should be criticism of content. The main issue in this criticism is measurement of the understanding and poet‟s belief to the foundations of religion. The main beliefs of Shiite and its difference with other religions are mainly the concept of leadership. Then measurement of the level of knowledge and understanding of the concept of leadership and the depth of belief to this knowledge are as a decisive in content criticism of Shiite poems. In this paper, it is tried to study the various levels of this knowledge and to suggest the solutions of measuring the depth of poet‟s belief. In this research, the understanding of the concept of leadership is divided into 10 levels: The minimalistic Approaches: 1.Imam: historical character. 2. Imam: political leader. The theological and Doctrinal Approaches: 3. Imam: a virtuous man. 4. Imam: beloved in god and people. 5. Imam: deserving to leadership and caliphate. The mystical Approaches: 6. Imam: light and top truth. 7. Imam: truth of Quran. 8. Imam: present at the creation. 9. Imam: able to join and unity. The exaggerated Approaches: 10. Change Imam to God (exaggeration).In this paper, extraction of levels of poets „belief based on the Quran and Shiite Hadith and contemporary poems are selected in research.

The author after an introduction on the necessity of more atte ntion to Shia literature counts imam Riza's literature a branch of it; he su ggests 27 topics in this regard such as Topology, literary science, Various languages and religions, history of literature, ziarat, political and social i mpacts.

At first, the present essay evaluates Mirza Habib Khurasani’s strength of words at various linguistic and literary levels; then, it goes to discuss his poetic themes. Mirza Habib was a religious leader and so number of his religious poems is, as compared to other kinds of poetry, less than what that is expected. Happiness may be significantly felt in his poetry and there is no room in his poetry for elegy. Also, in the way of mystics and even more severe than many of them he has attacked the religious appearances, and this is wonderful when done by a religious leader. In the present study, mostly the following points have been discussed: signs of commitment to religious law (shari’ah), interest in mystics, social concerns and the poet’s look at religious panegyrics.