مقالات رزومه دکتر ظاهر خزایی

Prostate cancer (PC) ranks as the second most commonly diagnosed neoplasia and the fifth cause of death in men with cancer, with an increasing trend in incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of prostate cancer and relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the Asian continent.

All accessible data sources from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study were used to estimate the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years and burden prostate cancer in Asia from 1990 to 2019. We estimated all-cause and cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100 000 population, with uncertainty intervals (UIs). Concentration Index analysis and Concentration Curve were used to determine the relationship between Prostate cancer burden and human development index.

The highest incidence of prostate cancer in Asia in 2019 is Japan (90.5 per 100,000) and the highest mortality rate is Georgia (27.87 per 100,000). The highest DALY, YLL and YLD of prostate cancer is Georgia. The results showed that the percentage of changes in the incidence in 1990-2019 was positive in all countries of the Asian continent except for Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan. The results of the concentration index showed that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer is more concentrated in countries with a high HDI level. Examining the DALY, YLL and YLD index also showed the value of concentration index, which shows that DALY, YLL and YLD of prostate cancer are more concentrated in countries with high HDI level.

Given that the incidence, mortality and burden of prostate cancer are increasing in most Asian countries and are mostly concentrated in the HDI drawers, obtaining accurate estimates in these countries to prepare for the potential change in public health burden due to this disease which is very important.

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). It is a potentially deadly disease with grave consequences for public and global health. This study compared laboratory indices in recovered and fatal COVID-19 cases.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, sampling was conducted using the total count method, and the data was collected from the Borujerd Health Network's Disease Management Center database. From February 20, 2020, to July 21, 2020, 380 patients with positive PCR tests were included. The extracted data was exported into Stata-14 software. To analyze descriptive objectives, mean, percentage, standard deviation, Chi-squared test, and t-test were used.

Out of 380 positive COVID-19 cases, 300 patients recovered, and 80 lost their life. More than half of the recovered and fatal cases were men (55.16%). The highest mortality rate belonged to 80 ≤ years (27.5%). Among fatal cases, 38.75% had no underlying disease, and the most common underlying diseases were diabetes (27.5%), chronic hypertension (18.75%), and malignancy (7.5%). Comparison of laboratory indices revealed a significant difference in the mean LHD, Na, K, BUN, BS, PT, AST, ALT, ALP, and ALP Hb between recovered and fatal cases (P <0.05).

This finding can help determine patients' prognoses and adjust the treatment approach. Further studies on paraclinical characteristics will shed further light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and appropriate treatment measures.

Meningitis is classified as a medical emergency where the identification and early treatment of bacterial meningitis can eliminate serious consequences, such as hearing loss, memory problems, learning disabilities, brain damage, seizures, and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of meningitis using Geographic Information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Then, the disease prediction map was drawn using the Raster Calculator tool.

The results showed that the highest incidence of meningitis during 2010-2015 was in Qazvin, Qom, and Kurdistan provinces. The incidence of meningitis in Iran increased from 9.77 in 2010 to 10.33 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamadan, and Mazandaran provinces with 78.89%, 74.68%, 70.07%, 43.97%, and 22.93% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for meningitis in the coming years, respectively.

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamedan, and Mazandaran provinces are at risk of the disease. Monitoring vaccination in high-risk groups can partially prevent the incidence of the disease in these areas.

Leptospirosis is known as a public health problem in developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of leptospirosis using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.  

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on leptospirosis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, The ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The results showed that the highest incidence of leptospirosis during 2009-2015 was observed in Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces, respectively. The incidence of the disease had an increasing trend from 2013 to 2015. Based on the results of the modeling in Iran, the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan, with 72.18%, 8.54%, and 4.95% of their area, respectively, have the largest areas at a high-risk for leptospirosis in the coming years.

The prevalence of leptospirosis is affected by geographical and climatic conditions of every region; thus, the incidence of the disease is higher in the provinces located at the Caspian coastal side and in some regions in Semnan province. Hence, if health authorities pay more attention to developing health plans to prevent the disease, the risk of disease in these areas will be reduced in the future.

Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, which causes inflammation of the lungs and respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of pertussis using the geographic information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, the ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, the disease prediction map was drawn.
using the Raster Calculator tool.

The results showed that the highest incidence of pertussis during 2009-2015 was in Zanjan, Qom, Mazandaran, and Qazvin provinces. The incidence of pertussis in Iran increased from 0.74 in 2009 to 1.53 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin, and Zanjan provinces, with 76.76%, 73.69%, 66.32%, 30.94% and 24.18% of their areas (Km2), are at high risk for pertussis in the coming years, respectively.

The incidence of the disease has been increasing in recent years, indicating the emergence of the disease in Iran. The modeling maps show that the Iranian provinces of Qom, Tehran, Zanjan, and Qazvin are at risk of the disease incidence in the coming years, indicating the need for planning, appropriate interventions and more precise implementation of the vaccination program against the disease.

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease that is still considered as a health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of anthrax using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This study is descriptive analytical study. Information on anthrax was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The highest incidence of anthrax during 2010-2015 was observed in the provinces of Kurdistan, North Khorasan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, respectively. The trend of the incidence of anthrax in Iran had increased from 2010 to 2013, while its incidence decreased in 2014. Based on the results of modeling in Iran, the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan, respectively, with 37.16%, 33.83%, 16.78%, and 10.49% of their area (km²) had the highest risk of anthrax disease in the country in the year 2021.

Since the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan are among the high-risk areas in the country in the coming years, the cooperation between the veterinary organization and the health care system and the vaccination of livestock in these areas can significantly help to control and prevent the disease.

Salmonella induced infections remain one of the most important health problems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of typhoid using GIS and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021. 

This study is a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The results showed that the highest incidence of typhoid during 2009-2014 was in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kurdistan, and Ilam provinces. The incidence of typhoid in Iran increased during 2009-2010. The annual incidence of typhoid decreased from 0.85 per 100,000 in 2010 to 0.5 in 2014. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam and Hamadan provinces with 92.17%, 46.56%, 31.74%, 25.62% and 22.96% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for typhoid in the coming years, respectively.

Considering that the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam, and Hamadan are at risk of typhoid incidence in the coming years in Iran, and given that salmonella infections have a direct relationship with the individual’s health status and individual’s environmental health and socioeconomic status, improving the health status and disease control in carriers as well as improving the socio-economic status of the population living in these areas can prevent the disease in the years to come.

Insufficient physical activity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, plays an important role in the spread of non-communicable diseases.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of insufficient physical activity and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the world.

This is an ecological study, and the study data, including the human development index and the incidence of insufficient physical activity, were extracted from the World Bank’s database. The descriptive analysis included mean and standard deviation. The inferential analysis consisted of two-way correlation and ANOVA at a significance level of less than 0.05. The analyses were performed using Stata-14 software.

The highest incidence of insufficient physical activity in both sexes (39.26 [37.42, 40.95]) was found in the Americas, especially in high-income regions. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI in the world (r = 0.446, P < 0.0001). This correlation was also significant in Asia and Africa (P < 0.05). The results showed a positive correlation between components of HDI (i.e., gross national income per 1000 capita, mean years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and expected years of schooling) and insufficient activity (P < 0.0001). The results of ANOVA also exhibited a significant relationship between the mean prevalence of physical inactivity and the level of development (P < 0.0001).

Given the significant correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI, understanding this correlation and its components, especially in low- and middle-income countries can alleviate the impact of physical inactivity epidemics in the future, thereby contributing to the effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.

Drug use has always been suggested as the first preventable agent of various diseases and deaths around the world. Nowadays, this problem is more prevalent among young people and students of universities that are at risk.
Due to the newness of the case and legal restrictions on psychoactive drugs use in Iran, there are no statistics regarding the prevalence of consuming these drugs; therefore, it was decided to determine the prevalence and causes of tendency towards psychoactive drugs use among students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.
The present research was a cross sectional study, through which 250 students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences were selected using systematic random sampling and investigated in 2015. Data was collected through a self-made questionnaire and then analyzed using the SPSS software version 22 at a significance level of P = 0.05 using frequency tables, chart, Chi-square, and logistic regression test.
The prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption was 5.6%. The most important factor of tendency towards consumption of psychoactive drugs among students has been failure to meet their emotional needs (35.7%), yet taking pleasure has been the mainspring for consuming these drugs in most cases (50%). There was a statistical significant relationship between psychoactive drugs consumption and age, place of residence, drug history in parents, and being exposed to cigarette smoke throughout the day (P Due to the relatively high prevalence of psychoactive drugs consumption in students of medical sciences as messengers of health, holding life skill workshops and consulting with students, providing appropriate recreational facilities seem essential in order to reduce the prevalence and prevent this dilemma.

Phenylketonuria(PKU) is a metabolic disorder that, if not detected and treated promptly, causes mental retardation. The use of the geographic information system (GIS) in favor of spreading the disease helps to control the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the local pattern of the PKU disease using the GIS in Lorestan province from 2006 to 2016. The current descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients diagnosed with PKU in Lorestan province from 2006 to 2016. The statistical population included all cases identified between April 2006 and March 2016. The ArcGIS 9.3 software was used to provide geographic maps of the incidence and frequency of the disease. The results showed that Nourabad county had the highest number of larvae with 22 (72.29%), and the most cases with PKU disease were with 2 cases (99.2%). According to GIS maps, the incidence of PKU from 2006 to 2016 was on an ascending tide. The highest incidence in these years was related to Nurabad with an average of 5.7 per 10,000 live births and the lowest incidence related to Boroujerd county with more than 0.53 per 10,000 live births. According to the GIS map, Nourabad county has the highest incidence of PKU. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the majority of prevention programs for paternity screening and counseling couples, especially family marriages in the city, in order to reduce the incidence of this disease.