مهندس امیر قربانی

Knowledge exchange between university and industry is considered a vital phenomenon to promote innovation in industries. despite the apparent benefits for the industry and the university, its success cannot be guaranteed, and many university-industry collaborations face various challenges. In other words, it can be stated that the formation of this relationship over time is not fundamentally based and its direction is not purposeful. Despite the studies conducted in the field of industry-university relationships, more needs to be addressed explicitly to the challenges of the university side in the relationship between industry and university. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to present the framework of the university's challenges in the relationship between the university and the industry. This research is applied type, its strategy is a qualitative study, and in terms of its objective, it is descriptive. The data required to achieve the research goal has been obtained using primary and secondary data from December 2021 to April 2022. By using secondary data, the dimensions of the challenges of the university side in the relationship between the industry and the university in 5 categories, including 1) policy-making and governance; 2) administrative and executive; 3) intermediary institutions; 4) intellectual and financial ownership; 5) cultural identification and as a conceptual framework for identifying challenges in this research. Then, 25 experts from universities, research institutes, and political institutions who are familiar with industry-university relationship issues were interviewed to identify examples of challenges. Finally, through the analysis of the content of the conducted interviews, 22 challenges corresponding to each of the dimensions were identified.

The Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and its subordinate actors, as one of the crucial sub-systems in the national innovation system, play a vital role in the structure, functions, and performance of the national innovation system. In this regard, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the functions and sub-functions of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in the national innovation system. In terms of methodology, this research is mixed research that has benefited from thematic analysis in the qualitative part and importance-performance analysis in the quantitative part. In the qualitative part, the review of international documents, laws and regulations, and upstream documents and the analysis of data related to focus groups with different stakeholders led to the preparation of a list of 60 sub-functions under the 7 main functions of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology. Then, to achieve the priority sub-functions of the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, the importance-performance questionnaire was sent to universities, research institutes, and science and technology parks, and 33 completed questionnaires were collected. Based on the importance-performance analysis, 40 sub-functions were selected as priority sub-functions (low performance and high importance) of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology. Identifying the priority sub-functions of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology can be a basis for a more accurate functional and performance analysis and formulation of policies and programs in order to strengthen the role of this Ministry in the national innovation system.

This paper aims to provide a policy mix to support the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities.While gaining scientific authority within humanities disciplines and championing their role in advancing civilization have certainly pervaded policy discourse in recent years, the observation highlights a shortcoming - namely, the lack of a cohesive policy mix to reliably foster the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities. Literature shows that the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities have a rich historical trajectory. Its origins lie in addressing ethical and legal concerns, which then evolved to encompass the establishment of educational and research institutions focused on scientific concepts. Subsequently, humanities began yielding tangible economic and social benefits for industries and society. However, when comparing the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities to fundamental and engineering sciences, a tailored policy framework is indispensable to acknowledge the unique position of humanities within government structures. To shed light on this matter, we conducted an examination of nine esteemed international humanities institutions, including the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), European Social Fund (ESF), Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC), Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation (OSICP), Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), and Arab Council for the Social Science (ACSS). From this comprehensive analysis, we derived an initial framework aimed at enhancing the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities.We employed a qualitative methodology to contextualize the initial framework within the Iranian context. From January to May 2023, we conducted interviews with 25 experts utilizing the snowball technique, ensuring a diverse range of perspectives. By engaging experts affiliated with various organizations and institutions, e.g., the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology, the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Vice-Presidency for Science, Technology, and Knowledge-Based Economy, the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and Academy of Sciences of Iran, we sought to minimize bias and capture a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. To analyze the gathered data, we employed the abductive content analysis approach—an esteemed qualitative research method renowned for its ability to unveil patterns, themes, and inherent meanings within textual data. This meticulous, analytical process allowed us to derive valuable insights specific to the Iranian context.Based on our findings, we suggested a set of 18 supports under 5 policy mix to foster the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities. The proposed policy mix, proposed by the authors, encompasses the following.- Supporting applied and developmental research: By allocating resources towards applied research initiatives, we aim to enhance the practical relevance of humanities. This approach ensures that research outcomes contribute directly to societal and economic needs.- Supporting product and service development: We foster their application in real-world contexts by facilitating the development of innovative products and services rooted in humanities. This enables translating theoretical knowledge into tangible solutions for industries and society.- Supporting empowerment and specialized skill enhancement for skilled workers: Recognizing the pivotal role of skilled professionals in driving socio-economic progress, we advocate for initiatives that empower and enhance the expertise of individuals working within humanities-related fields. This support ensures the cultivation of specialized skills needed to address contemporary challenges.- Supporting innovative cultural and social services and centers: By investing in the establishment and sustenance of cultural and social service centers, we create spaces that promote creativity, innovation, and community engagement. This support enables exploring novel ways in which humanities can positively impact society.- Supporting infrastructure development and networking: Recognizing the significance of robust infrastructure and networking opportunities, we emphasize the need for investments in this realm. By fostering a supportive ecosystem, we enable effective collaboration, knowledge sharing, and resource utilization within the humanities community.The policy mix and support measures proposed in this study hold both practical and theoretical implications. They provide a roadmap for directing mechanisms that effectively promote the socio-economic effectiveness and applicability of humanities, ensuring their continued relevance and impact in contemporary society.

Policy-making with the aim of technology development is the basic function of governments and their intervention process in order to achieve results and realize economic and social prospects. Policy studies seek to describe and explain the policy of governments and how to influence and change it. The field of energy, including renewable energy, as well as the development of renewable technologies, as one of the most important areas of public issues, is always affected by direct and indirect government interventions. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to investigate the challenges affecting the policy-making process of renewable technology development in Iran. For this purpose, the method of structural-interpretive modeling has been used to express the interrelationships between these challenges. In addition, MICMAC analysis has been used to identify the influence and dependence of each of the challenges. After analyzing the data, the challenges affecting the policy-making process of renewable technology development were classified into five different levels and according to the interrelationships between them, it was presented as a structural-interpretive model. Also, after MICMAC analysis, the variables were divided into three groups of dependent, independent, and autonomous variables, and no variables were included in the group of linked variables. The findings show that "supporting successful innovators", "capital raising capacity", "uncertain start-up costs" and "proving the effectiveness of policies" are among the main challenges affecting the policy-making process of renewable technology development in Iran.

Today, organizational knowledge is recognized as a very valuable intangible resource for gaining a competitive advantage. Managing such intangible assets is essential for maintaining and gaining a competitive advantage for organizations, especially knowledge-based companies whose survival and success are tied to knowledge. Knowledge can improve and enhance the performance of organizations when shared across the organization. Despite the vital role of internal knowledge sharing, little research has been done on the factors affecting knowledge internal knowledge sharing in knowledge-based companies. For this purpose, in the present article, first, by reviewing the background, the factors affecting the internal organizational knowledge sharing in organizations were extracted, and then, using the DEMATEL method, the relationships of these factors and their prioritization have been studied. The present study is a descriptive and survey research and is a tool for collecting secondary data (library studies) and primary data (questionnaire). After designing the questionnaire and confirming its validity by experts, the questionnaire was distributed and filled by 30 experts and managers of knowledge-based companies located in S&T Parks of Shahid Beheshti University, University of Tehran, and Tarbiat Modares University. The research results show that formal and informal procedures, open-door policy, and knowledge sharing strategy are the most influential factors and in contrast to communication and network, people's knowledge and interactive memory system are the most influential factors.

Due to its geographical conditions, Iran is one of the countries with high potential in the field of solar energy production, which has not been exploited properly. The present study investigates the critical study of solar energy governance in Iran. The present study in terms of applied purpose, in terms of qualitative method, and its research community are experts with experience and expertise in the field of solar energy governance in Iran. The sample size includes 27 people who have been selected by the snowball technique. Data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and secondary data and the methods of data analysis are content analysis and coding. The temporal territory is from 2001 to 2019. Based on the findings, the research obtained from the analysis of governance requirements with a comprehensive approach, policy incoherence in policy documents, lack of horizontal coordination between policymakers and regulators, vertical lack of coordination between policymakers and executive bodies and the inability of Supreme Councils including the Supreme Energy Council to coordinate. Eventually, it's have led to loss incoherence and integration among actors that solar energy and its lack of proper use in Iran.

This paper aims to analyze the historical evolution of solar photovoltaic technology development in Iran with an emphasis on the role of physical and hard Institutions in the period from 1991 to 2020. To this end, while examining the concept of Institution and its implications in the backgrounds and experiences of other countries. We have analyzed the role of physical (organizations) and hard Institutions (laws, policies, and regulations) and their effectiveness in the development of solar photovoltaic technology in Iran during the three main periods of development of this technology. The present study is of applied purpose and qualitative research method. Data gathering tools are semi-structured interviews and secondary data and the method of data analysis is through content analysis and axial coding. The statistical population for the expert interview is experienced in solar energy in Iran and 18 experts have been selected and interviewed by the snowball technique. Its temporal territory is between 1991 and 2020, and its spatial territory is Iran. According to the findings of this study, in the first period (1991 to 2006) the institutional focus was on familiarizing authorities with renewable energies and promoting this energy. While in the second period (2006 to 2015) the institutional focus has been shifted towards supporting the development of solar photovoltaic technology and in the third period (2015 to 2020) the institutional orientation has been directed towards creating a renewable and solar energy market in Iran.

identification and explanation of the technological change. On the other hand, the development of renewable energy technologies in each country according to its native conditions has different requirements and depends on a range of social and technical factors. The present study analyzes the development of photovoltaic technology from the perspective of expectations, networks, and learning, with the approach of strategic niche management and in the form of historical case studies and qualitative research methods. Data gathering tools are semi-structured interviews and secondary data and the method of data analysis is through content analysis and axial coding. The statistical population for the expert interview is experienced in solar energy in Iran and 20 experts have been selected and interviewed by the snowball technique. Its temporal territory is between 1991 and 2019, and its spatial territory is Iran. Examining the Interaction between niche processes, it was shown that although the network of actors was weaknesses in the early 1991s, with over time and the Enforcement of supportive laws and policies such as feed-in tariff and support for the development of renewable energy technologies, it has finally led to the growth of the network of educational and knowledgeable actors in the mid-2000s and the growth of the network of production and service actors in the 2010s. The impact of important events such as JCPOA and foreign investment on the development of expectations and the network of photovoltaic actors has also been described.