رامین رستمی

In explaining the cause of crime and its formation, criminologists mention psychological factors along with biological and social factors, and they consider the personality of the delinquent to be the most important factor among the psychological ones. Today, this category has passed the boundaries of psychology and criminology and entered into the field of criminal law. The delinquent personality, which is the basis for the individualization of punishment in today's criminal law, has caused the punishment of each person to be considered according to their personality. In various articles of the Islamic Penal Code enacted in 2013, as well as some of the articles of the executive bylaw issued by the Prisons and Security and Corrective Measures Organization enacted in 2005, the Iranian legislator has provided for the filing of personal files and in articles 203 and 286 of the Criminal Procedure Law enacted in 2013 and the circular of the head of the judiciary has also addressed the necessity of its formation; but by referring to the judgments issued by the courts, we will find that despite the legal requirement in cases of formation, its content is not taken into account in issuing the verdict; therefore, the authors of this research are going to discuss its role in Iran's criminal law and the reasons for the courts' reluctance to comply with the provisions of this legal task after explaining the issue.

The crime of disturbing the economic order is one of the significant crimes that this paper tries to explore with emphasis on corruption on earth. The present paper is an analytical descriptive study, applying the library method. The findings of the paper show that the Iranian legislature has always been silent on the definition and concept of economic crimes. In addition, given that disruption of the country's economic system is a common title, the law for punishing disruptors of the country's economic system without providing a proper definition of it, using vague words, including major, macro, and frequency, does not help transparency in this regard. In addition, the title and definition of corruption on earth is not clear and the conformity of the jurisprudential approach to corruption on earth with the crimes of disrupting the economic system is unclear. If the disruption of the economic system is done with the intention of hitting the system or with the knowledge and awareness of the effectiveness of action against the system, it is an example of corruption on earth. While there is no provision for measuring the criteria for identifying an act w

In the last two decades, the influx of cases into the judicatories and courts has become one of the serious problems of the judiciary, so that this problem has caused lengthy proceedings, reduced the accuracy of judges in issuing verdicts, burnout and fatigue of judges from the high volume of cases. And in general, it has reduced the efficiency of the judiciary. This has led the judiciary to seek a solution to this problem from the very beginning, and one of these measures to reduce the number of cases to the courts was to establish a dispute resolution council. Although the formation of this institution was necessary and useful, the focus on reducing the number of cases and absolute statistics caused the councils to move away from their philosophy of existence, which was to correct the essence of the conflict and the chapter of hostility through compromise. Therefore, in this study, we have tried to deal with the effect of statistics on the performance of dispute resolution councils with an analytical method. Also, in this article, the information obtained from the statistics of the dispute resolution councils of Markazi province has been used as a statistical sample. Studies have shown that the increasing number of cases in the judiciary contains a worrying reality and should be addressed through fundamental solutions such as strengthening the principles of prevention