دکتر مرضیه حسنی

Mexican yam plant (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urban) is a new and hence less-known crop plant in Iran, with potential applicationes in food and pest control industries. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the best fertilizer treatments and its effect on the morphological characteristics and grain yield of Mexican yam bean plant in a semi-arid region. The experiment was carried out as a randomized complete block design with six replications in Kazeron, Fars province, south of Iran. The treatments included the control, EM biofertilizer (40 L/ha), Vinas organic fertilizer (80 L/ha), and the combination of bio-organic fertilizer (the optimum level of fertilizer was determined based on the results of previous experiments). Fertilizer treatments had a significant effect (at 1% probability level) on plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, pods/plant, grains/pod, stem diameter, grain and biological yield and harvest index, photosynthetic pigments concentration and grain protein content. The mean comparison showed that in the combined treatment of Vinas organic fertilizer and EM, the fresh and dry weight of the plant (67.6 grams and 26.8 g, respectively), the height of the plant (56.1 cm), grains/pod (6.4), pods/plant (6.3), biological yield (4929 kg/ha), grain yield (527 kg/ha), harvest index (10.7%), concentration of chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration (9.83, 3.43, 13.5 and 3.28 mg/g fresh weight, respectively), grain protein (34.1%) were more than control. Also, the stem diameter showed the greatest increase compared to the control. The results suggested the superiority of the bio-organic fertilizer treatment at the optimal level (40 and 80 L/ha) and the positive response of Mexican yam bean plant to these fertilizers.

Organic agriculture is an integrated farming system, based on natural principles and laws, where the quality of products is more important than their quantity. Therefore, the present study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of two types of biological and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of two types of beans under drought stress in the research farm of Shahrekord University. The experiment was carried out in the form of split split plots in the form of a completely randomized block design, and in three replications. The investigated factors include 1- drought stress at three levels of 60, 90 and 120 mm of evaporation from the surface of the class A pan and the second factor at four levels: EM biological fertilizer, Vinas organic fertilizer, a combination of both, and control; and the third factor: species of two levels (Mexican yam beans, red beans of the flower variety). In this experiment, the traits of plant height, number of secondary branches, relative humidity of leaf water, cell membrane stability index, number of pods per plant, biological yield, seed yield and harvest index were measured. The results of variance analysis of the data showed that the effect of the studied factors and their interaction (except for the interaction of stress × fertilizer on the number of pods per plant and cell membrane stability index) was significant on all traits. The results showed that the combined fertilizer treatment (vinas + EM) in red bean plant and stress 60 had the greatest effect on the characteristics of seed yield (8834 kg/ha), harvest index (64.66%), plant height (117 cm), the number of pods per plant was (32.33), and the number of sub-branches (14). In the same fertilizer treatment and in the control stress treatment, the greatest effect was on the trait of cell membrane stability index in red bean plant (57.7%) and relative humidity. Leaf water (91.88%) and biological yield (35710 kg/ha) were in Mexican yam plant. Generaly, it can be said that this experiment showed the superiority of combined fertilizer treatment on red bean plant under drought stress compared to Mexican yam plant.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and biofertilizer on some growth indicators of Camelina sativa L. experimental plant during the crop year 2016 in a farm located in Kazerun and as a factorial in the form of complete randomized block design with three replications. Treatments include fertile biofertilizer 2 containing phosphate solvent bacteria (Pseudomonas putida Strain 13P bacteria and agglomerans Pantoea Strain 5P) as the first factor in 2 levels (consumption and non-consumption) and the second factor including chemical fertilizers including control treatments, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur fertilizers (50 respectively). (200 and 100 kg / ha) alone were optimal and chemical fertilizer treatment was 30% less than optimal. The results showed that the application of biofertilizer was significant only on crop yield and phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen uptake traits. Chemical fertilizer treatment was significant on all traits, and the interaction of biofertilizer treatment with chemical fertilizer on grain yield, crop yield and phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen adsorption traits was significant. The combined use of biofertilizers with nitrogen + phosphorus + sulfur chemical fertilizer compared to control increases grain yield by 86.85%, improves crop yield of phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen by 19.48, 12.62 and 14.90 kg / kg, respectively, and its adsorption efficiency. The elements were 42.2%, 30.01 and 36.97%, respectively. The combined use of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizer compared to control increased the leaf area index by 13.60%, increased the plant weight ratio by 23.78% and the leaf surface area. Nitrogen + phosphorus treatment compared to control showed an increase in plant growth rate of 53.64%. The best fertilizer combination in this experiment to increase the yield of whole plants was the combination of chemical fertilizer treatments containing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur with biofertilizers.

In order to study the effect of phosphate biofertilizer and chemical fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur  on some growth and yield components  of Camelina sativa L.,  a study was conducted based on a factorial experiment; this was done in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Kazeroon during the 2016 growing season. Treatments included bio-based phosphorus (P) fertilizers (Barvar-2) containing phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (the Pseudomonas putida Strain 13P and Strain 5P and the Pantoea agglomerans Strain 5P) as the first factor at two levels (inoculated and uninoculated seeds) and chemical fertilizer as the second factor, including control, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur alone, based on the recommended doses of NPS and 50% recommended NPS fertilizers. The results showed that the effect of the  use of the biofertilizer on plant height and number of seeds per silique and the number of siliques per plant, 1000 seed weight and harvest index were significant, but the number of branches, grain yield and biological yield were not significant. The use of chemical fertilizer as well as the interaction of chemical fertilizers × phosphate biofertilizer on all traits was significant. The combined  use of bio-inoculants and chemical nitrogen + phosphorus + sulfur fertilizer, as compared to the control,  increased  plant height by 50.58%, the  number of branches by 26.7%, seed number per silique by 29.8%,  the grain yield by 86.88%, biologic yield by 63.58%, and harvest index by 32.36%. Nitrogen consumption increased the number of siliques per plant by 27.84% and nitrogen + sulfur treatment imrpoved 1000 seed weight by 54.54%, relative to the control treatment. So, according to the results of this experiment; the best fertilizer treatment for Camelina sativa L. production was the combination of nitrogen + phosphorus + sulfur fertilizer plus biofertilizer application.

Camelina sativa L. is from the family of Brassicaceae, new oilseed crops, has desirable agronomic characteristics, adapted to temperate climates and as raw material for biodiesel production. In order to evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on yield and some characteristics of biodiesel from Camelina sativa L., field experiment with three replications during 2017 in a field located in Kazeroun, a factorial in a randomized complete block design was applied. Treatments biofertilizerBarvar 2 containing phosphate solubilityenhancing bacteria (bacteria Pseudomonas putida Strain 13P and Strain 5P agglomerans Pantoea) as the first factor in 2 levels (consuming and not consuming) and chemical fertilizer as the second factor included control treatments, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphorus, sulfur alone and two values were recommended at the considered levels (200, 50 and 100 kg / ha, respectively) and 30% lower than recommended levels. Camelina sativa L. by creating conditions for plant nutrition, grain yield, oil percentage, oil yield and protein content lso, biodiesel characteristics including density, iodine number and saponification number and percentage of sulfur were studied. The results showed that grain yield and oil yield were higher in fertilizer phosphorus nitrogen than in other treatments. Sulfur chemical treatments had the highest increase in seed oil and protein content without using biofertilizers and nitrogen + phosphorous + sulfur without fertilizer application, respectively. The highest density, iodine number and saponification number and percentage of sulfur (0.9248 kg / m3, 26.94 mg iodine per 100 g oil and 227.1 mg sodium hydroxide per gram of oil and 0.027 % by weight) The production of biodiesel was carried out under nitrogen and phosphorus treatments, as well as bio fertilizer and sulfur treatment, and nitrogen + sulfur and phosphorus treatments were optimum without using bio fertilizer. In general, the results of this study showed that the application of biological fertilizers with chemical fertilizers improves the oil and biodiesel characteristics of whole grains is Camelina sativa L.