دکتر محمدرضا فرجی

Economic power is considered as one of the important components in geopolitical competition. The economic power of countries is mainly influenced by the factors that play a role in their national power. Meanwhile, economic factors are among the factors that are effective in both national power and economic power of countries. Some of such factors have a geopolitical nature due to their significant role in displaying the national power of countries in the international and global arenas. As sources of power, such factors are considered by the powers in geopolitical competition.They are also considered as effective geopolitical variables in the regional and global geopolitical system. Based on the identification of economic factors effective in economic power, the current research seeks to explain the geopolitical variables of economic power. The main research question is what are the geopolitical variables of economic power based on economic factors? The approach of the current research is theoretical and explains the causal relationship between the dependent variables (economic power) and the independent variable (geopolitical variables). The method of collecting information and data has been done in base on library and documents form.The research method is descriptive-analytical. In response to the main question of the research, the variables affected by economic factors affecting economic power were explained under the title of "geoeconomic variables". Each of these conceptual variables includes several operational variables that are effective in national power and national economy, which determine the country's economic power as a whole.

Climate change, as one of the biggest challenges facing humanity, has affected natural and human systems in complex ways and has increased public and organizational concerns about the possible consequences of climate change. The police organization, as a large and public order organization in the national scope, can be affected by this phenomenon. The research method in this study is qualitative and the grounded theory method is used. Using the purposeful and theoretical sampling , 27 military commanders and environmental experts in Fars province were selected as a sample. The results of grounded theory are in four core models. After examining each of the nuclear categories and their connecting elements, the phenomenon of "climate change and crime production in Fars" was extracted as the focal phenomenon of the research. What is obtained from the findings of the research is that climate change, as one of the variables of the transformation of the geographical space of Fars, was first of all a platform for the production of crime and with a deep impact on the quantity and quality of the province's water resources, it has deepened these spatial effects. This issue has caused negative phenomena in the geography of the province, especially the depopulation of rural areas and the agricultural sector on the one hand, and social and security challenges in the urban outskirts.

Geographical space is a system composed of intertwined and interrelated natural, environmental and human factors and elements. These geographical factors sustain different values that adopt political, economic, cultural, security and geopolitical implications according to human needs and perceptions. The effect of geographical factors on economics has always played a role in human life. These factors as the sources of power acquire a geopolitical nature when the countries use them in line with macroeconomic goals. The current study seeks to explain the geopolitical categories of economic power on the basis of the study of geographical factors affecting economic power. The main question of the research maintains what the geopolitical variables of economic power are. This study is based on a theoretical approach and explains the causal relationship between the dependent variable (economic power) and the independent variable (geopolitical variables). Information and data collecting is arranged in terms of library documents studies. The research method is descriptive-analytical. In response to the main research question, three types of geopolitical conceptual variables are explained which are influenced by geographical factors affecting economic power: ‘Geolocation’; ‘Geoculture’ and ‘Geotechnology’.  Each of these conceptual variables includes several geographical factors influencing economic growth and development, which together determine the economic power of a country.

Administrative political decentralization, the move towards political development and the management of geographic space are one of the main concerns of governmental systems in developing countries in general and in Iran in particular to achieve democracy. Such a decentralization follows a special approach to the geographic (Natural human) characteristics of each country as well as the type of administrative political system that governs it. However, the most important regional geopolitical decentralization in each independent political unit is the local government. Local governments play an effective role in optimizing the management of human habitats with the knowledge of geographical areas and human rights. Therefore, the present research seeks to answer the following questions: What are the effective elements in the formation of an effective local government in Iran? The method of this research was descriptive- analytic, which has been done by studying high-handed documents and rules in Iran, as well as studying the human-natural characteristics of Iran to identify the indices and elements effective in the formation of an efficient local government. Findings of the research indicate that the decentralization and delegated powers to non-central places and the distribution of power at the geographical level are scattered in some of the laws and documents of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The present study aims to investigate the ratio of geopolitics and progress in 1404 perspective document. Thus, the geopolitical components and considerations, foundations and geopolitical considerations of Iran's strategic environment and its impact on the development of the country have been studied in terms of the Outlook 1404 document. The results of the research, using an analytical-critical approach and the use of relevant documents, showed that for reasons such as disregard for geopolitical variables, incompatibility between national goals and geopolitical realities, single-factor and mostly inner approach toward progress and an unrealistic understanding of geographical capacities and realities, Outlook 1404 lacks geopolitical considerations. Given the fundamental weaknesses (disregarding the geographical and geopolitical considerations) and structural (lack of administrative and executive mechanisms), the expected goals of the prospective document in the 1404 time horizon will not be achieved. Therefore the prospective document will require fundamental revision with a new timeframe.

Social Searching for identity and its roots sets in “habitat” as a conceptual subject in geography and it is used increasingly. Identity has the link with three foundation characteristics: (geographical) place¡ space (networks and social relationship) and time(history). So identity be affected by such characteristics. Specifically¡ each place takes its identityfromthree major factors: 1- Natural specific factors¡ 2- Observableactivitiesandfunctions3- Concepts and symbols. Therefore¡ the man can be considering as the most important factorin place. People have different images from differentplaces in their minds. Whereas the emotions have the effect on the environment perception in one hand and shaping the human mentality picture in other hand¡ such mentality pictures giving the identity to place. Such a place arises some other conceptions of identity like: sense of place¡ place attachment¡ dependency of place and so on. In this regard¡we canmention the certain placesthataresignificanceto their peopleand they are important role in developing their nationsideologues and values.
In other words¡ some places have the strategic functions in emerging political movements and their persistence to achieve their goals. Such places that are mostly central places (squares and main streets) in the capital cities¡ they become arenas of political oppositions. Such asRed Square in Moscow¡ Triumph organ in Paris¡ Tian a Men SquareinChina and so on that are considered as a symbol ofnationalism.
The aim ofsuch a research is explanation the role of central places at political movements as well as success and failure in achieving their goals particularly based on Bahrain political movements in Lolo Square. Accordingly¡ the main question is this: at what extent destroyingLolo Square by the ruling Al Khalifa has effected on the Bahrain political movements?
The hypothesis that prepare to answer such a research question is: destroying Pear Roundabout as a main symbol of Bahrain protesters and their identity due to disperse the protest movement and it would seem that such a position brings about repressing the political movement by ruling Al Khalifa. In comparison to other political movements in Arabian countries¡ Bahrain political movement admitted to reform the political structure.
Findings:To explanation such a research hypothesis has been attempted to design the theoretical model on the basis of theoretical literature which is consist of the geographical impact of central places on the political movements.
It is worth noting that¡ such a model illustrates the relationship between place and (political) identity¡ so in order to prove the application such a model has been attempted to survey the political trends in Bahrain through showing the timeline from the beginning (in 2011) to the late of 2012(indeed its include before and after destroying the Lolo Square).
In conclusion¡ we could found from such a research that: Bahrain Government by considering such a fact that Lolo Square has the core role in political movement to achieve the success. apart from so¡ it has emerged as an identity symbol among protesters¡ thus decided to destroy such an identity symbol in order to control the political movement and disperse it. Finally¡ such an event (destroy the identity place) lead to control and disperse the protest population. As well as we couldn’t observe any significant political changes in Bahrain after destroying in spite of subsequent demonstrates.
this research was done by descriptive and analysis method. Also the data was collected by means of log method from the international credible agencies. The analysis method at this research is qualitative analysis that is done based on reason¡ logic and explanation of the authors after data collection.