عرفان خصم افکن نظام

In the Quranic vision and in the school of religious leaders, "Contentment" is a valuable moral blessing that leads to wealth and self-sufficiency, because the behavior of the contented man is such that he bases his life on "Moderation". Therefore, explaining and addressing "Satisfactory Architecture" as one of the "Self-Made Pillars of Iranian Society" which has been explained in the context of targeting Islamic civilization in the second step statement of the revolution, is important and valuable. The research questions are as follows: a)What are the basic components of persuasive lifestyle in Guilan province and what are its manifestations in different areas of life? b)How and in what way is the culture of contentment manifested in the vernacular architecture of Guilan? The study's conceptual achievement is to explain how the culture of contentment manifests in the patterns of behavior and architecture of Guilan; based on reviewing the background of studies conducted by Iranian scholars and researchers in the field of content research in architecture, the innovation of the research is in the "Case Study" which is based on the research background (which most studies in the field of contentment and moral characteristics were studied about the house of desert areas). For the first time, "Home Architecture" is studied in the vintage and rich natural areas of Guilan province in terms of "Contentment and its Characteristics". The theoretical foundations section is divided into two parts: "Conceptualizing the Manifestation of the Culture of Contentment in the Rural Community of Guilan" and "Recognition of the Manifestation of the Culture of Contentment in the Rural Architecture of Guilan"; in the first part, the culture of contentment in rural society and its manifestation fields are studied by comparative study with concepts and dimensions of contentment, and in the second part, in particular, we examined the culture of contentment in the field of indigenous architecture of Guilan. We adapted the study (Mir Syyar Shekili House) to the indicators of contentment in architecture. Studies show that the relationship of "Contentment", "Architecture and Rural Lifestyle" can be considered as a relationship based on "Secrecy of Nature" that in this spatial-physical pattern, children learn the first grounds of contentment through family and "Child-Mother" system. The culture of contentment in the field of rural architecture of Guilan in the social dimension is as "Social Equality between Men and Women (derived from rural collective work culture)" and in economic dimension as "The Workshop of the Ontology of the Building of the House Through the Participation of all Members of the Family", which is a common manifestation of "Being" and "Presence" of the family institution in the context of the rural architecture of Guilan. In the scientific-technical dimension it is manifested in the form of "The Mysteries of Nature and its Structures" and in the artistic dimension as "The Use of Symbols and Symbols of Ethnic-Religious Identity in the Body of the Building".

In Iran, "architecture" has always been part of the language of power and politics, and rulers have always tried to show their values and identity to society through architecture. In an authoritarian society where the aesthetics of politics and the staging of mass governments are part of the fabric and root of the legitimacy of their power, the entanglement of "politics" and "architecture" is doubly apparent. Therefore, it is important to know and analyze the formal and conceptual aspects of space created in the first Pahlavi period, which emerged through the construction of government buildings. Therefore, the research question is that with what style of architecture was the first Pahlavi government able to implement its "nationalist" and "modernist" approaches in Gilan province? The present article, entitled "Comparative study of the stylistic architecture of the first Pahlavi period in Gilan province", investigates the styles that were considered in terms of time in the first two decades of the fourteenth century (1304-1320 AHS). Due to the practical nature of the research and the need for descriptive-comparative studies and documents related to the studied samples, this research is of a qualitative type and its method is analytical, comparative and comparative and the collection of information is a library. Comparative method is mainly qualitative in nature in which comparable data are used in at least two societies and their similarities and differences are compared, because it is not the work of art alone that matters, but the "generality of the work" or the "specific space-time space" that it creates. The results of the analysis of specialized texts, the nostalgic desire for "Transition from Tradition to Modernity (Modernism)" and "Return to the Past with Authority and Glory(nationalism)" formed the essence of the worldview of "Reza Khan's Imperial Theory" in the first Pahlavi period. Gives. This worldview and philosophy of thought, like literature and architecture, were just one of the areas of its emergence that emerged through the construction of government buildings. For each of the buildings, we achieved common themes that "Common Features" express the features that can be clearly seen and evaluated in the architectural works of the first Pahlavi period in Gilan province and the government was able to express their will. "Northern Iran is a tourist area." Therefore, in choosing the approach by the government, the "model of modern European urbanism" with all its unique features was considered, which shows most of the "contemporary economic origin" so that Gilan province as the “origin of modern thinking, modernization and Innovation” The field of architecture and urban planning of the first Pahlavi government was known to the extent that everyone called it "Europe of Iran".

The nostalgic longing for "passing from tradition to modernity (modernism)" and "returning to the past with authority and splendor (nationalism)" forms the essence of the worldview of "Iranian pseudo-romanticism" in the first Pahlavi period. This worldview and intellectual philosophy, of which literature and architecture were only one of the fields of its emergence, and in the social and political fields, in the form of intellectual movements that stimulated Iranian nationalism or nationalism as a way to integrate and empower Iran in Reza Khan's government, and caused the transformation of Iran became a stable and secure country. One of the ways of implementing Reza Khan's "Imperial Theory" was the use of art and especially architecture. Therefore, the current research seeks to find the answer to the question that the worldview of Iranian pseudo-romanticism in order to legitimize the modernist actions of the first Pahlavi government, how and with what indicators and components were manifested in the architecture of government buildings in Bandar Anzali city? Was the image created by the government in line with the opinion of the intellectuals? Therefore, the research is of a qualitative and applied type, using the comparative-comparative method through the method of library studies. The results of the research show that in addition to Pahlavi's cultural discourse to realize his modernist approach through architecture in the form of building "Government Buildings" modeled after European architecture, it is necessary to create mental images in the citizens through the accompaniment of intellectuals of that period in the form of "reports and travelogues". In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period. In order to encourage citizens to modernize, we should also consider it. It was almost after the modernization process of the first Pahlavi period that the city of Anzali became a "resort" for the first time for Tehranians who preferred to spend their free time in this city to the point where everyone called it "Fangistan of Iran". According to the results of the research, we witness the realization of the "romantic era of the city of Bandar Anzali" in the first Pahlavi period.

“Globalization” not in the geographical sense but in the political and ideological sense, is a plan formulated by the rich and powerful countries of the world, and it means the continuation of economic, political and military dominance over other countries in the world. One form of domination in the present age is by way of cultural aggression, through which it seeks to undermine the cultural and religious foundations of the Muslim people, and especially the Islamic way of life. In the field of architecture and housing, today, compared to the past, forms and living spaces, with a tendency to be similar to imported patterns and alien to their foreign identities, have also alienated the society and completely changed it. In the words of the Supreme Leader: "One of the dimensions of progress with the chr('39')Islamic conceptchr('39') is lifestyle, social behavior and way of life". Therefore, the conceptualization of the mission of "Islamic lifestyle" as a container and component shaping "Iranian-Islamic housing" should be considered. In todaychr('39')s social life, the concept of "lifestyle" has a special meaning. As the influence of tradition is reduced, and daily life is reconstructed in terms of the interaction of local and global factors more and more people are forced to choose their lifestyle from a variety of options. "Islamic lifestyle" is a way of life that is based on Islamic and Quranic teachings and values. The Qurchr('39')an, which is the plan of human life, has shown the best way of life to man, which ultimately leads him to the happiness of this world and the hereafter. "Islamicness of etiquette" and "monotheism of being a way of life" mean that "lifestyle" is the bedrock of "divine worship" in human life. In Islamic lifestyle, "faith" and "righteous deeds" have a special place and in various verses of the Qurchr('39')an and narrations from the Infallibles (AS) as a way to achieve "good life" is introduced as the highest position of this type of lifestyle. In the present study, the purpose of using the word "Islamic" is anything that belongs to and is committed to the principles, ideals, values and norms of Islam and in a broader sense, invented or expressed by Muslims, and the meaning of the word "Iranian-Islamic" is anyone who is in the common denominator of being Iranian and being Islamic and does not have principles and identities that do not oppose either of these two can be called "Iranian-Islamic". In other words, anything that is based on the beliefs, ideals, values and norms of the Islamic Republic of Iran or the discourse of the Islamic Revolution is called "Islamic Iran". The present study is of qualitative type and in two parts: the first part, the necessary information in the field of relationship between "globalization" and "Islamic lifestyle" is presented and in the next stage, the relationship between "lifestyle" and "housing" in historical periods is analyzed. In the second part, using the descriptive-analytical method, the key words of the research have been researched and explored, and using the components and effects that are related in this regard, the "basic principles and criteria of Iranian-Islamic housing" were explained. The results show that the current "Islamic spirit" in the Iranian Muslim living space can be seen in the manifestation of the truth, the concept of "good life" as the highest degree of Islamic lifestyle, in the "Iranian courtyard" as its beating heart.

In the world architecture literature, Islamic architec ture features as an important and noteworthy histori cal tradition. This tradition is regarded far beyond a purely historical tradition by Iranians. Iranian architec ture represents a manifestation of unity in plurality and an attempt to achieve unity in the plurality world through uniting the opponents via an order; this kind of architecture, is considered as a part of architectural identity in Islamic Iran. In the Iranian-Islamic culture, architect as a devotee worshiper and bystander in this world, would design and implement the capsule of human living  in harmony with the facts of the uni verse and not for the sake of showing off, as he relied on a power beyond human will and control. It is not through wealth, dexterity and expertise but through the amount of transparency, capability and require ment is able to get a glimpse of the infinite truth and manifest it in his work, with respect to the physical, historical, climato-geographical and socio-cultural contexts of the architectural context. “Islamic archi tecture”, unlike Renaissance architecture, does not make man aware of the function of each part of building, as this is a mixing between two realms of re ality from the Islamic view point and means lack of in tellectual honesty. Accordingly, it is through considering “identity” in the context that brings plu rality close to “diversity,” and it is the diversity that makes life attractive and beautiful. Nowadays, reli gion and religious teachings have been however mar ginalized in the body of the contemporary Iranian city, resulting in a body shaped entirely based on the pat terns of modernity (especially contemporary western civilization) or globalization. This, and the available lit erature on contextualism, warranted a study on this field of Islamic view and Muslim thinkers. The present study consists of two parts: in the first part, using the “meta-analysis” method, addresses the previous works on the  “Islamic city” and its subsets as well as “contextualism” in the Islamic thought and the availa ble literature of eastern thinkers. In the second, the components are analyzed based on the types of “con textualism” in the contemporary architecture before the “model of Islamic view on context” is presented in a diagram. Based on the results, considering the de sign processes and patterns practiced and formed by “experienced and thoughtful architects” represents a way to grasp socio-cultural roots of contemporary so ciety. Because, these projects adhere to simple and consistent patterns that stem from the culture, be liefs, nature and lifestyles of the community, and the conversion of these factors into architectural patterns should be explained to the public and should be acted in a way that the simple and consistent principles be come context of the architectural designs spontane ously. This study aimed at obtaining a single source, guiding principles and executive guidelines to be used by designers in designing new buildings in the valua ble contexts of Islamic cities; as “future shapes and patterns will be born in relation to the past and the persistent and repeating past principles will take on their new form with new experience and insight.”

The prosperity of tourism in any geographic location, along with positive and negative socioeconomic consequences, has environmental impacts which if continued could cause irreparable damages. Sustainable environmental or ecological tourism is the expansion of the tourism industry and the attraction of tourists to the country using the existing resources in such a way that, while responding to the economic, cultural, social and legal requirements of society and the expectations of tourists, unity and integrity may be achieved. Cultural identity and environmental health can balance and provide the welfare for people and their guests in a balanced and continuous manner to an optimum level. The main design of the study is based on the analytical approach in a library-based and survey which analyzes the information related to the theoretical foundations of tourism industry; then, the foundations of sustainable tourism and its relationship with the factors shaping ecological tourism have been considered with the aim of promoting tourism collections in the understudy area based on the existing theories. Finally, the process of forming the ecological tourism complexes has been distinguished. The results of the research showed that the formation of ecological tourism complexes around natural-historical attractions in our country can be an effective step in sustainable tourism development; also, if "physical tourism planning" in Iran is done in a systematic way, it can create job opportunities and increase the value of currency.