مقالات رزومه محمد جعفربگلو

This research aims to examine the main principles of Iran's foreign policy during the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavid based on the view of Hafez Farman Farmaian in the book Historical Analysis of Iran's Foreign Policy from the beginning to today and to answer the question that what principles did Shah Abbas I Safavid follow in governing Iran's foreign policy? The method of data collection in this research is library and documentary, and the method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. The findings show that the main principles of Iran's foreign policy during the reign of Shah Abbas I Safavid were the same principles that F Farman Farmaian mentioned as the traditional principles of foreign policy. According to the findings, the principles governing Iran's foreign policy in the era of Shah Abbas were expanding and guarding the borders of the government territory, developing and protecting trade routes, supporting neutral countries on Iran's borders, and the approach of cultural tolerance and religious tolerance in the realm of governing.

Hussein Fatemi was among the National Front members who thought of the change in the political system of Iran from Pahlavi Kingship to a new one, before any other member of this front. However, this idea was not noted in contemporary history discussion and also never came true for three reasons: 1) the social and political conditions of Iran were not ready yet; 2) The majority in National Front did still believe in defending kingship and Fatemi was in minority; 3) Fatemi presented this idea so late and just days before the coup. In this research, part of the ideas of Hussein Fatemi and the reasons of his failure in changing the political system of Iranian monarchy during the final days before 1953 Iranian coup d'état. Keywords: 15 August 1953 unsuccessful coup, 19 August 1953 coup, Oil Nationalization Movement, Iranian National Front, The abolition of monarchy.

After the abdication of Reza Shah in 1941, his son Mohammad Reza came to power through the efforts of Mohammad Ali Foroghi and the demand of the Allies. Although, in the beginning the Shah's regime granted some political freedoms and created an open space for the activities of political parties and groups, this very freedom prepared the grounds for the opposition and dissidents to gradually emerge, protest and try to shake and destroy the foundations of the Pahlavi monarchical system. Under the circumstances, when protest and ballyhoo was heard from every corner, the Shah and his government clinched at every instrument to forward their goals. One of these effective instruments was employment of thugs. These people used knives, physical and verbal brawl, bullying and even murder and bloodshed to frighten the people. They became a tool in hands of the government. One of these people who had become a government tool was Tayyeb Haj Rezai. His role was visible in the February 28, 1953 as well as August 19, 1953 and his groups conflicts with the Nationalists in Parliament elections. The second aspect of his life story is his turning back to the Shah and joining Imam Khomeini's movement. He played a clear role in the June 5, 1963 uprising against the Shah. The present paper is an attempt to shed light on the unknown aspects of the 1953 coup and the reasons Haj Rezai joined the coup. What were his objectives, his role and his performance in the course of the 1953 coup? Descriptive-analytical method has been used in this research