a. rajabi

Sugar beet is one of the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) hosts and destructive virus (Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, BNYVV) which is the cause of rhizomania disease. The use of resistant cultivars is the simplest and most efficient method of managing plant diseases. Based on this, to develop a cultivar resistant to rhizomania and root knot nematode in sugar beet, two populations carrying resistance genes to the above-mentioned diseases were identified and selected. From the target population, 10 half-sib families were developed and crossed with single cross monogerm 7112*SB36 and 10 monogerm hybrids were developed. Evaluation of hybrids in terms of quantitative and qualitative traits led to the selection of four superior hybrids including SBSI043, SBSI042, SBSI041 and SBSI044. Results of combined analysis of these hybrids with a domestic resistant control to rhizomania (Arya) and two foreign resistant controls (Castile and Rosier) and a susceptible cultivar for two years in a field infected to rhizomania in four regions (Mashhad, Shiraz, Hamadan and Qazvin) showed the complete superiority of all four hybrids compared with domestic resistant control. This hybrid was recognized as the best domestic hybrid in the test to determine the agricultural capacity of new domestic cultivars in seven infected and non-infected regions of the country, with an average sugar yield of 8.79 tons per hectare after two foreign controls. The new hybrid SBSI043 is the first cultivar with double-resistant (rhizomania and root knot nematode) named "Asia" and was introduced to growers for spring cultivation in different regions of my country, especially the regions infected to both diseases and exports to Azerbaijan, Syria and Egypt countries.

Although von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder in the world, the acquired type of the disease (acquired von Willebrand’s syndrome, AvWs) which is seen in some conditions, is less common. Cardiovascular diseases, use of cardiac assistive devices, lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders are among the most common disorders associated with AvWs. Despite its low prevalence, AvWS is known as a clinically important bleeding disorder.

Considering the importance of the disease, we aimed to investigate and review the disease condition, diagnostic pattern and its clinical and laboratory findings from the disease discovery to the present time by referring to 110 related articles in PubMed, Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar databases.

Clinical and laboratory findings in AvWS and vWD are often similar. So, it can be difficult to distinguish between the two conditions. However, performing screening tests prior to any clinical interventions with a high risk of bleeding, such as surgery, in any individual with an AvWs-associated disorder can greatly facilitate the diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, a distinction clue between AvWS and vWD is the late onset of AvWS without any previous family and personal history of bleeding.

Conclusions  :

According to published reports, AvWS has been considered as an uncommon disorder. But it seems that its actual prevalence is not rare and compared to what was previously thought, its prevalence is increasing at least in certain groups of patients, due to awareness of specialists especially hemaologists and cardiologists.

Zarnan-Chorehnab iron deposits are located at 5 km northeast of Zanjan city in the Tarom mountains, between Zarnan and Chorehnab villages. Mineralogical studies, as well as field observations show that iron mineralization is mostly magnetite type. However, hematite and goethite minerals are also formed to a lesser extent due to weathering and alteration. Iron ores in this area are formed as veins and lenses within Oligocene intrusive bodies. Inside the volcanic rocks, mineralization is also observed in the form of veins with small dimensions. The thickness of the veins can be traced between 0.5 to about 15 meters and their length up to about 200 meters. Iron deposits are one of the main stages of their exploration due to the presence of magnetite minerals with high magnetic properties and hematite with low magnetic properties. For this purpose, geophysical surveys were carried out by magnetometric method in 5240 stations in an area of 8 km2 to determine the potential areas of iron mineralization and to investigate the depth of mineralization. In this research, total magnetic maps, pole reversal, analytical signal, and upward continuation were prepared. The results obtained from the drilling finely correspond with the magnetometric survey. Based on the results of these studies, nine anomalies (An1-An9) were identified in the study area, anomalies of An3, An8, and An9 extend to a depth of about 40 m, and other anomalies are supposed to be found to a greater depth. The result of magnetic modeling data determines the position (location and approximate depth) and geometry of the masses causing magnetic anomalies.

COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy is a public health concern in the world. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of vaccination hesitancy and its relevant factors using the health belief model among people in northeast Iran.

The present cross-sectional study examined 626 people using convenience sampling. Data were collected through an online survey using a questionnaire based on the health belief model at intervals of 10 September 2021 and 15 October 2021. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 16.

Overall, 70.6% of the samples reported that they would use the vaccine for free after it becomes available. Health belief model constructs predicted 40% of the variance of vaccination behavioral intention. The results indicated that the perceived barriers were significantly related to using the vaccine, thereby reducing the probability of using the vaccine by 10% (Relative Risk Ratio=0.90, 95% CI: 0.82-0.99). Perceived benefits (Relative Risk Ratio =1.21, 95% CI: 1.11-1.32), perceived susceptibility (Relative Risk Ratio =1.54, 95% Cl: 1.23-1.92), and behavioral intention (Relative Risk Ratio =3.06, 95% CI: 2.23-4.20) had a significant relationship with the probability of using the vaccine.

About one-third of the participants had COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy. Interventions are necessary to increase compliance with vaccination, especially among people with low education levels. The health belief model constructs have a high power of predicting hesitancy and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and can be used in intervention programs.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a malignant hematologic disorder of lymphoid lineage. As a result of chemotherapy side effects, treatment with medicinal plants has recently been considered by researchers. Previous studies on Moringa olifera have shown its anti-cancer properties on some cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Moringa oleifera leaves on Jurket and Raji cell lines of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

In this experimental study, after preparing aqueous and ethanolic leaf extract of Moringa olifera, Jurket and Raji cells were treated with different concentrations of extracts for 48 hours. Cell groups’viability was assessed by trypan blue staining and MTT assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were used as a control group. Statistical analysis of data was performed using Gragh Pad Prism 6 and one-way ANOVA test.

Treatment of Jurkat and Raji cells with all concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic extracts led to inhibition of cell growth. The highest percentage of growth inhibition was obtained at a concentration of 150 μg/mL of aqueous extract, 48.5% and 47.4% for Jurkat and Raji cell lines, respectively. Also, the highest lethal percentage was obtained at a concentration of 50 μg/mL of ethanolic extract, 73.4% and 78.5% for Jurkat and Raji cell lines, respectively. The IC50 dose was obtained in all study groups at a concentration of 150 μg/mL.

The leaves of Moringa olifera have the capacity to inhibit the growth and viability of Jurkat and Raji cell lines of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Rhizomania is the most destructive disease in spring sugar beet along with root-knot nematode and are spreading in some parts of Iran. The best control method against these two diseases is using resistant cultivars. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and select a high yield hybrid resistant to rhizomania and root knot nematode. Twenty-seven full-sib families (S1) from SB-34 origin which screened with molecular markers for rhizomania and root knot nematode resistance gene, were used to develop double resistant hybrids. In the spring of 2015, vernalized families were crossed to one single cross (7112*SB-36) in separate isolates. In summer, S1/S2 seeds from the paternal plants and three-way cross hybrid seeds from maternal plants were harvested and cleaned. Out of 27 isolates, only 19 isolates had adequate seeds from both parental lines. In autumn of the same year, selected hybrids were planted in greenhouse in Karaj. Seedlings were analyzed by SCAR and SNP markers linked to rhizomania and root knot nematode resistance genes to determine gene frequencies in hybrids. Based on the results of molecular evaluation, 14 hybrids were selected. In the spring of 2016, selected hybrids along with some controls, overall 20 varieties, were planted in two rhizomania-infected areas in Khorasan Razavi and Fars based on randomized complete block design with six replications. Roots were harvested in autumn and qualitative and quantitative characteristics such as root yield, sugar content, and white sugar yield were measured. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.1.3 software. According to the results of field trials and the frequency of rhizomania resistance gene and root node nematode in the laboratory, hybrid SB36*(7112*930620) with 10.92 t/ha white sugar yield to be used.

In this research, the scour hole depth at the downstream of cross-vane structures with different shapes (i.e., J, I, U, and W) was simulated utilizing a modern artificial intelligence method entitled "Outlier Robust Extreme Learning Machine (ORELM)". The observational data were divided into two groups: training (70%) and test (30%). Then, using the input parameters including the ratio of the structure length to the channel width (b/B), the densimetric Froude number (Fd), the ratio of the difference between the downstream and upstream depths to the structure height (Δy/hst), and the structure shape factor (φ), eleven different ORELM models were developed for estimating the scour depth. Subsequently, the superior model and also the most effective input parameters were identified through the conduction of uncertainty analysis. The superior model simulated the scour values by the dimensionless parameters b/B, Fd, Δy/hst. For this model, the values of the correlation coefficient (R), the variance accounted for (VAF), and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSC) for the superior model in the test mode were obtained 0.956, 91.378, and 0.908, respectively. Also, the dimensionless parameters b/B and Δy/hst were detected as the most effective input parameters. Furthermore, the results of the superior model were compared with the extreme learning machine model and it was concluded that the ORELM model was more accurate. Moreover, an uncertainty analysis exhibited that the ORELM model had an overestimated performance. Besides, a partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA) model was performed for the superior model.

 

 Religious-historical tourism is considered an important factor in urban development; because it has a high potential to attract tourists and is considered one of the most important and prosperous types of tourism, which has significant effects on various dimensions of society. This study aimed to investigate the indigenous requirements set for the development of religious-historical tourism in Zanjan.

 This descriptive-analytical research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, which was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, in 2021-2022. 17 experts (specialists, university professors, and Zanjan city managers) were selected for interviews in the framework of final theoretical saturation, using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Grounded theory method.

 39 concepts, 12 semantic units, and 8 categories (advertising, integrated tourism management, infrastructure development, strengthening the culture of tourism, utilization of specialized forces, rules and regulations, development of a strategic plan, and tourism crisis management) were extracted from the interviews with experts using contextual theory.

 Religious-historical tourism has been effective in Zanjan city development in terms of developing an indigenous model. The proposed suggestions in the form of categories are important to the sustainable development of religious-historical tourism in Zanjan city.

In this paper, using the complete modified nonlocal elasticity theory, the deflection and strain energy equations of rectangular nanoplates, with a central crack, under distributed transverse load were overwritten. First, the deflection of nanoplate was obtained using Levy's solution and consuming it; strain energy of nanoplate was found. As regards nonlocal elasticity theory wasn’t qualified for predicting the static behavior of nanoplates under distributed transverse load, using modified nonlocal elasticity theory, the deflection of nanoplate with a central crack for different values of the small-scale effect parameter was achieved. It was gained with the convergence condition for the complete modified nonlocal elasticity theory. To verify the result, the results for the state of the small-scale effect parameter were placed equal to zero (plate with macro-scale) and then were compared with the numerical results as well as the classical analytical solution results available in the valid references. It was shown that the complete modified nonlocal elasticity theory does not show any singularity at the crack-tip unlike the classical theory; therefore, the method presented is a suitable method for analysis of the nanoplates with a central crack.

Due to drought and climate change, estimation and prediction of rainfall is quite important in various areas all over the world. In this study, a novel artificial intelligence (AI) technique (WGEP) was developed to model long-term rainfall (67 years period) in Anzali city for the first time. This model was combined using Wavelet Transform (WT) and Gene Expression Programming (GEP) model. Firstly, the most optimized member of wavelet families was chosen. Then, by analyzing the numerical models, the most accurate linking function and fitness function were selected for the GEP model. Next, using the autocorrelation function (ACF), the partial autocorrelation function (PACF) and different lags, 15 WGEP models were introduced. The GEP models were trained, tested and validated in 37, 20- and 10-years periods, respectively. Also, using sensitivity analysis, the superior model and the most effective lags for estimating long-term rainfall were identified. The superior model estimated the target function with high accuracy. For instance, correlation coefficient and scatter index for this model were 0.946 and 0.310, respectively. Additionally, lags 1, 2, 4 and 12 were proposed as the most effective lags for simulating rainfall using hybrid model. Furthermore, results of the superior hybrid model were compared with GEP model that the hybrid model had more accuracy.

Optimization of artificial intelligence (AI) models is a significant issue because it enhances the performance and flexibility of the numerical models. In this study, scour depth around bridge abutments with different shapes was estimated by means of ANFIS and ANFIS-Genetic Algorithm. In other words, the membership functions of the ANFIS model were optimized using the genetic algorithm, finding that the performance of ANFIS model was increased. Firstly, effective input parameters on the scour depth around bridge abutments were defined. Then, by using the input parameters, eleven ANFIS and ANFIS-GA models were produced. Next, the superior ANFIS and ANFIS-GA models were introduced by analyzing the numerical results. For example, the correlation coefficient and scatter index for ANFIS model were calculated to be 0.979 and 0.070; for ANFIS-GA, these were 0.986 and 0.056, respectively. In addition, the average discrepancy ratio (DRave) for ANFIS and ANFIS-GA models was 0.984 and 0.988, respectively. Also, it was shown that the ANFIS-GA models had more accuracy, as compared to the ANFIS models. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis showed that Froude number (Fr) and ratio of flow depth to radius of scour hole (h/L) were the most influential input parameters for simulating the scour depth around bridge abutments.

This study aimed to determine the effect of various influencing parameters such as tunnel diameter (D), depth (H), width (B), length (L), number of floors, and the horizontal distance of the building from the tunnel axis (X), as well as soil properties such as internal friction angle (ϕ), Poisson ratio (υ), modulus of elasticity (E), and cohesion (C) on surface settlement using ABAQUS. According to the results, the settelment increases with increasing tunnel diameter at a constant depth, while it decreases with increasing tunnel depth. Changes in the width and length of the building also affect the settlement directly; consequently, as the width and length of the building increase due to increasing the cross-sectional area of the building and its rigidity and stiffness, the settlement of the foundation becomes more uniform and resistant to displacement, leading to a decrease in the surface settlement. Also, as the distance of the building from the tunnel axis increases, the settlement decreases and follows a constant trend after a distance equal to the tunnel diameter. Based on the results of the sensitivity analysis, the depth of the tunnel has the greatest effect on the surface settlement, which can be prevented by controlling the depth of the tunnel from the ground surface. Also, among the soil geomechanical parameters, the modulus of elasticity had the greatest effect on settlement in the present study. Finally, according to the results, the effect of tunnel, building, and soil properties on surface settlement is very important, particularly in urban environments.

Cultural heritage is precious and irreplaceable capital that the importance of documentation in preservation and conservation of this heritages is clear to every person. The production of a digital model and 3D documentation of these heritages due to the shortcomings of traditional methods, is significantly expanding. The development of sensors, data collection methods, and the promotion of 3D visualization techniques, along with the presentation of diverse algorithms in computer vision, have had a tremendous role in 3D documentation But the vacancy of a comprehensive and integrated study that evaluates all three-dimensional documentary disciplines and presents a suitable process to achieve a controlled output is well felt. Over the past years, there have been papers on documentation of cultural heritages with a variety of tools and methods that, after reviewing them from 2000 to 2018, methods have been evaluated for collecting 3D data, visualization, software and modeling algorithms. active and passive methods in 3D modeling have been compared with 8 criteria; time, quality, time flexibility, cost, data density, geometric precision, performance in large locations and noise levels. It should be noted that selecting the appropriate method according to the objective and conditions of the region is possible. In the visualization section, standards and templates have been compared with eight criteria; geometry, based on XML, topology, building texture, showing complications,semantic information, descriptive information, web content, and georeferencing. In the software section, open source, commercial, and cloud computing software has also been reviewed. Due to the advantages and limitations of UAV photogrammetry mentioned earlier, flight planning for UAV photogrammetry projects and 3D documentation with it is more complex and influenced by several factors, so in UAV photogrammetry project, all aspects must be considered. the studied area is Dolatabad historical castle in Dolatabad of Qom Province in the center of Iran. This village castle is located in the west of Anar Bar (Qamroud) river, which, of course, has decreased with the construction of 15 Khordad dam. Apparently, in the past, this castle was one of the castles of the main villages of this region, around which crops such as wheat, barley, melon, and sunflower were cultivated, but today only wheat and barley are produced. Dolatabad castle with a longitude of "656´34 ° 49 and latitude" of 922´19 ° 32 and an altitude of 1547 meters above sea level. dimensions of area is more than 100000. this castle belongs to the Safavid era and has its own unique architecture but unfortunately it has been damaged over time. The most important pathological factors that have caused damage to the castle in past years are two important and influential factors of natural and human damage. after the 3D documentation of the castle and its restoration, using the 3D model obtained to determine the privacy of the fortress, and the protective, intuitive and functional boundaries are examined and the proposed privacy is provided and the boundary of the area is determined and the necessary factors for the Cadastre of Cultural Heritage are provided. Following the three-dimensional documentation of the Dolatabad historical castle and restoration and determination of the boundary, the necessary pre-requisites for registering the fortress as a national heritage were prepared and the Dolatabad historical castle with a registration number of 30,533 as a national heritages of Iran was recorded. A digital model is also made out of the castle, which can be used to create virtual museums or to rebuild and repair of castle again.

The Severe strain of Beet Curly Top Virus (BCTV-Svr) and Beet Curly Top Iran Virus (BCTIV) are considered as the main causal agents of sugar beet curly top disease in Iran and mixed infections of BCTV-Svr and BCTIV usually occur in nature. As the use of resistant cultivars is the safer and stable tool for management of the disease, the objective of current work was to identify sugar beet genotypes resistant to both agents. To this end, the reaction of thirty-eight sugar beet genotypes to infection by each of BCTV-Svr and BCTIV was separately evaluated using their infectious clones under the greenhouse condition. Incubation period, recovery, and disease severity index were considered for selection of resistant genotypes. As a result, ten and seven sugar beet genotypes resistant to, respectively, BCTV-Svr and BCTIV were selected. To evaluate the resistant genotypes, the experiments were repeated under greenhouse condition. In the field experiment with natural infection of viruses, the resistant genotypes were assessed and six sugar beet genotypes (S1 91019, S1 91022, S1 91023, S1 91028, S1 91029, and S1-91041) resistant to BCTV-Svr and BCTIV were identified; which could be used in future breeding programs.

The resistance economy is a smart move to identify the areas of pressure and subsequently try to control and neutralize the effects, which requires the coordination, stability of action, and facilitation of movement toward the desired situation by turning such pressure into opportunities. In this study the statistical population entails of 500 senior and mid-ranked managers and senior experts of the Central Headquarters of Sepah Bank. The sample population was identified 218 using the Cochran\'s formula. Field measurement was performed using a questionnaire and its validity was confirmed using formal validity and reliability with Cronbach\'s alpha (0.73). Structural equations were used to analyze the hypotheses. Based on the research model, the two main hypotheses and ten sub-hypothesis were examined, which indicates the effect of Islamic and strategic coordination on the success of organizations in the resistance economy. In the end, suggestions were made based on the hypotheses.

Generally, length of hydraulic jump is one the most important parameters to design stilling basin. In this study, the length of hydraulic jump on sloping rough beds was predicted using Gene Expression Programming (GEP) for the first time. The Monte Carlo simulations were used to examine the ability of the GEP model. In addition, k-fold cross validation was employed in order to verify the results of the GEP model. To determine the length of hydraulic jump, five different GEP models were introduced using input parameters. Then by analyzing the GEP models results, the superior model was presented. For the superior model, correlation coefficient (R), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were computed 0.901, 11.517 and 1.664, respectively. According to the sensitivity analysis, the Froude number at upstream of hydraulic jump was identified as the most important parameter to model the length of hydraulic jump. Furthermore, the partial derivative sensitivity analysis (PDSA) was performed. For instance, the PDSA was calculated as positive for all input variables.

One of the important requirements in projectiles is to design a power supply for fuse consumption. In this study, an optimum design for the power supply, which includes a Miniaturized Inertia Generator (MIG), was introduced. The main objective of this research was to optimize the dimensions of the MIG with the aim of increasing energy. To achieve this, the design of experiment (DOE) was carried out through RSM-BBD to optimize six parts of the MIG. Numerical simulations were performed using Maxwell’s software. After analyzing of results by ANOVA and extracting the optimum result from the RSM, a Miniaturized Inertia Generator was fabricated with optimum dimensions. The results showed that the MIG with optimum dimensions at an acceleration of 800’g could generate 15.25V and stores the generated energy using an RLC circuit within 1ms. The experimental results which were obtained by the shock test system showed that 14.75V was charged on a capacitor within 1.1ms which has good conformity with the numerical results. The results indicated that the proposed design not only increased the MIG efficiency, but also determined the effect of each parameter on the produced energy and efficiency.

In recent years, Hyperthermia has been used as an emerging technique for cancer treatment, especially for localized tumors. One of the promising cancer treatment approaches is magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs) Hyperthermia. In this theoretical work, the temperature distribution of a common tumor over the different sizes of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, namely 25, 50, 100, and 200 nm, was studied via the finite element method. A two-dimensional method was used to simulate the tumor tissue, in which nanoparticles were incorporated and dispersed into the tumor uniformly. The bio heat transfer equation (BHTE) was applied to calculate the thermal processes in the human body. Results elucidated that decreasing magnetic nanoparticle size caused more temperature rise in the tumor cell during the Hyperthermia treatment, which led to better performance of the treatment. Finally, simulation results showed that the Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles with the sizes of 50-100 nm were applicable for Hyperthermia therapy with the optimum cellular uptake.

In general, rapid transformation of supercritical flow regime into subcritical flow is accompanied with hydraulic jump. The phenomenon usually occurs at downstream of the hydraulic structures such as ogee spillway. The length of hydraulic jump is one of the most important parameters used to determine the dimension of stilling basins. In current study, a hybrid method for predicting the hydraulic jump length on sloping rough bed was developed. In the other words, the hybrid method (ANFIS-GA) was presented using combination of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). In this study, to examine the performance of ANFIS-GA models, the Monte Carlo simulation (MCs) was used. At first, the effective parameters on length of hydraulic jump such as; Froude number in upstream of the hydraulic jump, the ratio of bed roughness, sequent depth ratio, and bed slope, were identified. Next, regarding these parameters, five ANFIS-GA models were defined. Then, the results of the ANFIS-GA models were examined and the superior model was introduced. The superior model predicted the experimental measurements with acceptable accuracy. For example, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were respectively computed 4.520 and 0.781. In addition, the results of modeling revealed that the Froude number at upstream of hydraulic jump was the most effective parameter in modeling the length of hydraulic jump on sloping rough bed using ANFIS-GA method.

This study was carried out in BabolroodRiver ( Mazandaran province) from 5 September 2008 to 6 August 2009 on Leuciscus cephalus ( mahi sephid roodkhanei ). The sampling was montly and samples were collected by Electroshocker. In total 441 numbers of Leuciscus cephalus were caught. Sex ratio of male to female was 1 to 1.41 respectively. The average total length was 165.629.81 mm, within average Maximum in May (190.638.32 mm), and an average Minimum in October (137.526.70 mm). Average Fork length and weight for males was139.7226.49 mm and 43.18 21.58 gr, this value for female was152.8830.06 mm and 57.3227.08 gr respectively. ANOVA results showed significant differences ( P<0.05). Between male and female fork length and weight. Positive regression obtained between fork length and total length showed an R2=.950. Samples belonged to 9 ages groups (0+,1,1+,2,2+,3,3+,4,4+).  Maximum number of fish were in age group 2 and minimum number of  fish were in age group 4+.  Gonad somatic index (GSI) for males was 1.47 ± 0.94, and for females was 2.95 ± 1.83 respectively. The total mean of HSI was evaluated to be 0.73 ± 0.49 for males and 1.08 ± 0.71 for females.According to the present study spawning time was from mid-May to late June and their spawning is batch spawning.

The present study was conducted for identification and assessment biodiversity of Polychaeta of Mongoft Artificial Reef structures in BushehrProvince. At first, 3 stations were selected. Seasonal samples were collected in spring and summer 2009, with 3 replication by diving operations, using Quadrates from each station was done. In total 7 species of Polychaeta were identified. Maximum frequency of Polychaeta, 644.64 n / m2, in the spring and the minimum number of 204 was recorded in summer. Results showed that Nereis sp. with 277.44 n / m2 (32.69 %) in the seasons and sampling stations was the most abundant. ANOVA results identified significant differences between the number of Polychaeta of the two seasons (P<0.05). In review of the biological indices, greatest Shannon diversity index was in station 1 in the spring with the amount of 1.83 and smallest Shannon diversity index in to  the station 1 was in the summer with the amount of 0.50 has been. Indices were compared to determine that spring was diversity more diverse than summer. Considering the values obtained, biological indices it can be concluded that the region is exposed to stress, and it can affect the diversity of benthic fauna.

The present study aimed at identification and assessment of biodiversity of crustacea of Mongoft Artificial Reefs in BushehrProvince and was conducted in 2009. Seasonal samples were collected in spring and summer, with 3 replication in 3 stations by diving operations , using a quadrate with dimensions of 35 × 35 cm. In total 10 species of crustacea identified were related to  two orders Decapoda and Cirripedia. Barnacles with 1508 number per m2 (52.8 %) had the highest frequency. Maximum frequency of crustacea, 768 / m2 , in spring and the minimum number of 211 was recorded in summer.   Results showed that Palaemonidae family of Decapoda with 761 n / m2 ( 26.6 % ) in the seasons and sampling stations was more abundant compared to other species. ANOVA results identified between the two seasons numbers of Custacea. ( P<0.05). In review of the biological indices, highest Shannon diversity index value was in station 1 in spring with the amount of 1.80  and lowest Shannon diversity index value in  the station 3 in summer with the amount of 0.99. Indices used to determine that spring species diversity was more than summer. Considering the values obtained for biological indices it can be concluded that the region may be exposed to stress.

Meson is composed of one quark and one antiquark moving under the effect of confinement, oscillating and color potentials. Since quarks are particles with spin, there is a spin-spin interaction potential. Also we have isospins for u and d quarks and we can consider related potentials on isospin-isospin and spin-isospin effects. By comparing the given meson spectrum with the amount calculated in this model, it can be inferred that mesons quark-antiquark are in a state of singlet or triplet regarding spin and isospin. By using this model, the states of configuration spin-isospin of each meson can be calculated

This article deals with the social theories and analysis of the theoreticiansconcerning the global changes and the foundations of global system and the new worldorder. It also deals with different phases in the theories of future thoughts and thederived mechanism and analyses the urban space as a key issue in social order in theheart of social theories. It also depicts the theories of great theoreticians such asWallerstein , Lerner, Castells, Giddens on the cites emerging in the world community.