abbas ali keshtkar

Therapeutic procedures, including the placement of intravenous catheters, are among the most common sources of pain for children. Various methods exist to reduce pain during venipuncture in children, including non-pharmacological methods, but there is no consensus on the most effective approach. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological methods on pain intensity during venipuncture in children.

This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on English and Persian articles published in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Irandoc, Iranmedex, SID, and Magiran between 1911 and 2023, using the keywords Venipuncture, Children, Pain, and their MeSH equivalents in all possible combinations. Data analysis was performed using STATA 11 software.

Out of 6963 studies obtained from the initial search, 17 eligible articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results of the random effects model showed that among non-pharmacological methods, the pain score of children in the distraction intervention group was 1.72 points lower than that of children in the comparison group, placing it in the strong effectiveness category. Furthermore, distraction interventions were found to be more effective in children under 8.5 years old, with bubble-blowing interventions proving to be the most effective among all. The findings in other groups also showed that acupressure and educational booklet reading interventions performed by the child on a teddy bear were more effective than distraction interventions.

Non-pharmacological interventions seem to be an easy, accessible, and cost-effective method for nurses to manage pain associated with venipuncture according to children’s age.

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provide the strongest evidence for therapeutic interventions and their effects on groups of subjects. However, the large amount of unstructured information in these trials makes it challenging and time-consuming to make decisions and identify important concepts and valid evidence. This study aims to explore methods for automating or semi-automating information extraction from reports of RCT studies.  

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant articles published between January 1, 2010, and 2022. We focused on published Natural Language Processing (NLP), machine learning, and deep learning methods that automate or semi-automate key elements of information extraction in the context of RCTs.  

A total of 26 publications were included, which discussed the automatic extraction of key characteristics of RCTs using various PICO frameworks (PIBOSO and PECODR). Among these publications, 14 (53.8%) extracted key characteristics based on PICO, PIBOSO, and PECODR, while 12 (46.1%) discussed information extraction methods in RCT studies. Common approaches mentioned included word/phrase matching, machine learning algorithms such as binary classification using the Naïve Bayes algorithm and powerful BERT network for feature extraction, support vector machine for data classification, conditional random field, non-machine-dependent automation, and machine learning or deep learning approaches.  

The lack of publicly available software and limited access to existing software makes it difficult to determine the most powerful information extraction system. However, deep learning models like Transformers and BERT language models have shown better performance in natural language processing.

 Despite the expansion of knowledge of neonatal pain assessment and management, there is still a considerable gap between nurses' clinical practices in Iran and available evidence. The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based protocol for neonatal pain management and to evaluate its effectiveness on nurses' clinical practice.

 The present study will be based on the Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice (JHNEBP) model and the three stages of practice question and project planning, evidence, and translation (PET). In this way, after forming an interprofessional team, clinical practice questions will be defined, and the main stakeholders will be identified. Then, the types, levels, and quality of evidence will be assessed to summarize their final strength using the proposed tools of the model, and finally, recommendations will be developed. In the translation phase, the recommendations will be implemented during a stepped wedge cluster randomized trial, and its implications for nursing practices in the management of pain in hospitalized neonates will be evaluated.

 The results of this study will lead to the production of an operational and applicable protocol in the management of pain in hospitalized neonates. It can provide the basis for improving the clinical practice of nurses and subsequently improving the quality of neonatal care.

 One of the strengths of this study is the use of an interprofessional team approach, considering the clients' priorities, and the improvement of organizational culture in order to endeavor for knowledge translation and change in clinical practice.

An important part of preventing major common diseases is identifying genetic factors that contribute to their occurrence. For the first time in our knowledge, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of five vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, EcoRV, and TaqI) and low bone density/osteopenia/osteoporosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes using classification and regression tree (CART) algorithms.

Data from 158 participants with T2D were used to develop the CART analysis. The binary output variable was "bone state" with low or normal values. Age and BMI (continuous variables), vitamin D deficiency (yes/no), and gender (binary variables), as well as polymorphisms of the five VDR genes (categorical variables) all played a role in the explanatory model. A 10-fold cross-validation process was used for model validation.

Participants were divided into three groups based on their sex. In all groups, age was the major factor predicting the low state in the final obtained tree model. The second most significant predictor in each model was BMI in both sexes (accuracy:75.32% and, AUC:0.748), EcoRV polymorphism in women (accuracy:78.79 %, AUC: 0.794), and TaqI polymorphism in men (accuracy:71.19%, AUC: 0.651).

Model validation of the final tree models demonstrated that the use of CART algorithms could be a valuable technique for identifying individuals with T2D who are at risk for early-onset osteoporosis based on their polymorphism of the studied VDR genes. Our recommendation is to conduct more population-based studies. We hope this study will serve as a basis for future research.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is closely associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), an uncommon chronic and progressive cholestatic liver disease. Liver transplantation (LT) is the only therapeutic strategy for PSC that may also affect the IBD course. Considering the lack of any systematic review and pursuing debate on the alterations in the clinical course of IBD after LT compared to before, we aim to systematically assess the frequencies of patients with "improved", "unchanged", or "aggravated" IBD course following LT and conduct a meta-analysis.

In this systematic review, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, WoS (Clarivate Analytics), and Embase will be searched. Our search strategy (i.e. the eligibility criteria) covers prospective and retrospective observational studies evaluating the clinical course of ulcerative colitis or/and Crohn’s disease after LT, with no language limitation, published between 01.01.1970 and 30.12.2020. The selection phase, data extraction, and quality assessment will be independently implemented by two authors. In case of any disagreement between the authors, the issue will be resolved by consensus; if not resolved, the opinion of a third expert person will be asked. If there are sufficient studies, the pooled frequencies (%) of patients with "improved", "unchanged", or "exacerbated" IBD activity following LT will be calculated using random-effects meta-analysis due to the expected heterogeneity. Forest plots will show the separated and combined frequencies and their corresponding 95% CIs. Statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated by the Q-statistic test and I2 statistics. The funnel plot for assessing the potential reporting bias, Begg's and Egger's tests for meaningful results of the publication bias, and the Fill & Trim method for corrected publication bias will be used.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, which manifests a wide range of clinical phenotypes from recurrent infections of the respiratory system to autoimmunity, enteropathy and lymphoproliferative disorders. Some abnormalities in T and B lymphocyte subpopulations may associate with the development of such clinical complications.

The main objective of this case-control study is to investigate the frequency and absolute count of different lymphocyte subsets in CVID patients as well as the cellular proliferation response. Correlation between lymphocyte abnormalities and different clinical phenotypes of the disease such as infection only (IO), autoimmunity (AI), chronic enteropathy (CE) and lymphoproliferative disorders (LP) are determined. We also aim to evaluate the prognosis of CVID for each clinical manifestation based on lymphocyte phenotype.

A population of genetically unsolved CVID patients after whole exome sequencing (WES) will be subdivided into 4 clinical phenotypes i.e. IO, AI, CE and LP and an equal number of age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) will be examined for the frequency of distinct subgroups of CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. The proliferation response of their CD4+ T cells is then evaluated by Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) test, using stimulation of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Data analysis will be assessed by parametric or nonparametric tests based on normality of data distribution using IBM SPSS Statistics, V.24 and Stata software V.14.

Ethical approval of this study is received from the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (ID number: IR.TUMS.VCR.REC.1396.3380) and all participants will we asked to sign the informed consent statement. Due to the wide range of variables, objectives and questions, the findings of this study are intended to release as multiple publications in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.

Post-dural Puncture Headache (PDPH) is prevalent among individuals undergoing lumbar punctures. The non-invasive effect of some drugs, such as aminophylline on PDPH has been investigated in several clinical studies. As there is no comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis about the preventive and therapeutic effects of aminophylline on PDPH in the literature, the clinical effectiveness of this drug on the prevention and/or treatment of PDPH will be assessed in this study.

PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, WoS (Clarivate Analytics), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL Complete, Scopus, and Google Scholar as electronic databases will be precisely searched for clinical studies that assessed the effect of aminophylline on PDPH. Studies between 01-01-1980 and 30-06-2020 will be evaluated in this study, and there will not be any language restrictions. Contradictions between the reviewers within any phase of the study (screening, selecting, quality assessment, and data extraction) will be resolved by consensus; in case of unsolved disagreements, a third reviewer will eventually decide. The combination method will be applied according to the methodological resemblance in the selected articles using the Random Effect Model or the Fixed Effect Model. Also, for the included articles, forest plots will be drawn. For assessing statistical heterogeneity, the I2 statistic and the Q-statistic test will be applied. In addition, funnel plots will be used for assessing non-significant study effects and potential reporting bias. Furthermore, Egger’s and Begg’s tests will be done, and publication bias will be indicated by significant findings (P < 0.05).

It is expected that the results of this study will be of benefit to researchers and clinicians for managing PDPH, and will be reported in conferences and publications.

Osteoporosis is one of the major causes of disability and death in elderly people. The objective of this study was to determine the factors affecting the incidence of osteoporosis and provide a predictive model to accelerate diagnosis and reduce costs.

In this fundamental descriptive study, a new model was proposed to identify the factors affecting osteoporosis. Data related to 4083 women were investigated with Clementine12, the data mining tool, to discover knowledge. Using data mining algorithms, including decision tree and artificial neural network, some rules were extracted that can be used as a model to predict the condition of patients and finally, the accuracy of the proposed models were compared.

This study examined several models on a number of different characteristics and compared the results in terms of accuracy to find the best predictive model. The classification accuracy of the MLP neural network model was 92.14% which was higher than that of the other algorithms used in this study. According to the identification of factors affecting osteoporosis, the risk of developing this disease can be predicted for a new sample.

Healthcare organizations are always gathering a lot of information while this data is not used properly. This study showed that the hidden patterns and relationships in this data can be discovered and used to improve the quality of diagnostic and treatment services.

Osteoporosis is a disease that reduces bone density and loses the quality of bone microstructure leading to an increased risk of fractures. It is one of the major causes of inability and death in elderly people. The current study aims at determining the factors influencing the incidence of osteoporosis and providing a predictive model for the disease diagnosis to increase the diagnostic speed and reduce diagnostic costs.

An Individual's data including personal information, lifestyle, and disease information were reviewed. A new model has been presented based on the Cross-Industry Standard Process CRISP methodology. Besides, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Bayes methods (Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes (TAN)) and Clementine12 have been used as data mining tools.

Some features have been detected to affect this disease. The rules have been extracted that can be used as a pattern for the prediction of the patients' status. Classification precision was calculated to be 88.39% for SVM, and 91.29% for  (TAN) when the precision of  TAN  is higher comparing to other methods.

The most effective factors concerning osteoporosis are detected and can be used for a new sample with defined characteristics to predict the possibility of osteoporosis in a person.

Osteoporosis and obesity are two major public health problems worldwide. Considering the conflicting results about the association between anthropometric measurement and bone mineral density (BMD) and also differences between various races, this study was designed to examine the relationship between anthropometric measurements and BMD in a sample of Iranian adults.

This cross‑sectional population‑based study was conducted on 2625 Iranian adults aged 18 and above who were selected using multistage, cluster sampling method from Sanandaj and Arak (two cities of Iran). The evaluated variables included age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), BMD, and waist and hip circumferences. The correlations between anthropometric measures and BMD in three bone areas (total hip, femoral neck, and spine) were observed in four sex/age groups (men <50 years, men ≥50 years, and pre‑ and postmenopausal women).

Of all the 2625 participants in the Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study, 2022 (1303 women and 719 men) entered into our survey and were stratified into four sex/age groups. According to the results, increasing BMI was directly associated with BMD increase, while an inverse association was observed between waist‑to‑hip ratio (WHR) and total hip BMD. In a similar analysis on the femoral neck and WHR, the correlation coefficients in premenopausal women and men ≥50 years were reported as being the highest and the lowest, respectively, among the four groups.

Our results showed that high BMI is a protective factor (positive correlation), and high WHR is a risk factor for osteoporosis, although it should be reminded that we could not specifically define which factors including lean tissue mass, fat mass, and total weight are really affecting BMD increase in the overweight/obese participants.

The purpose of this research was to determine effects of vitamin D supplementation during a course of endurance training on anthropometrical parameters of Wistar rats exposed to a high-fat diet.

In this experimental study, 38 Wistar rats aged 5-6 weeks were assigned to five groups: 1. Control with normal diet (n=5), 2. Control with high-fat diet (n=5), 3. High-fat diet and vitamin D supplementation (n=10), 4. High-fat diet and endurance training (n=10), and 5. High-fat diet, endurance training and vitamin D supplementation (n=10). The animals were subjected to a high-fat diet (40%) for 13 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of exercise and vitamin D supplementation.

Weight (P=0.02), BMI (P=0.001), Lee index (P=0.01) and energy efficiency (P=0.001) differed significantly between groups 1 and 2. Feed efficiency (P=0.03) and energy efficiency (P=0.01) of groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly different from that of the control group.

The results of the present study indicate that endurance training and vitamin D supplementation could significantly decrease some anthropometric indices.

Dear Editor, We appreciate the interest of the authors in our article entitled “A productive proposed search syntax for health disaster preparedness research”. They have rightly emphasized on the standard reporting of systematic reviews. However, as it is clear from the title and objective of the published article, we did not report results of a systematic review, our article instead aimed to present a syntax validation process which guide with creating a proper search strategy for systematic reviews on disaster preparedness [1-4].

Inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), and obesity are documented to play key roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Accordingly, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as a main innate immunity pro-inflammatory cytokine and a main free radical, respectively, are the main risk factors for CVDs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of OS, regular aerobic exercise (RAE), and vitamin D3 (VD3) on the expression of TNF-α in the myocardial cells in a rat model. In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (6 in each group) including healthy controls, sham (injected with dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] + saline), H2O2 (either 1 or 2 mmol/kg), H2O2 (1 mmol/kg) + VD3, H2O2 (2 mmol/kg) + VD3, H2O2 (1 mmol/kg) + RAE, and H2O2 (2 mmol/kg) + RAE. TNF-α level of myocardial cells was evaluated after 8 weeks using the ELISA technique. The results of the study demonstrated that exposure to 2 mmol/kg of H2O2 significantly increased TNF-α level of myocardial cells compared to the rats which were exposed to one mmol/kg H2O2 (P = 0.039). Furthermore, RAE (P = 0.040), and the combination of RAE+VD3 (P = 0.049) significantly reduced the expression of myocardial TNF-α. In general, VD3 and RAE were found to suppress TNF-α expression induced by H2O2 in the rat myocardium. Therefore, they can be considered as potential therapeutic interventions for reducing OS-induced inflammation in the damaged myocardial cells.

To find a proper search strategy to do a systematic review related to preparedness for disasters. MeSH and Emtree terms were searched to detect synonyms for two main search terms “disaster” and “preparedness”. Expert opinion on the synonyms was examined applying a Google form. The adopted syntax was searched in PubMed and results were sifted. Hand searching in two top key journals was done and sensitivity was calculated. Out of 1120 articles, 122 were included. In PDM journal, 10 articles were included by hand searching, out of which 5 were not spotted in PubMed search with the proposed syntax. In DMPHP journal, 13 publications were included, with 5 not found in PubMed search. Because of human error in hand searching 2 articles were added. The proposed syntax in this study achieves a sensitivity of search of 0.6 in PubMed which could be quite applicable for researchers. Moreover, in case only MeSH or Emtree terms were applied in search strategy or where hand searching was not performed, there were a number of articles missed.

Hospital infections have affected millions of people around the world and are considered as one of the most important issues related to patient safety. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the extra costs caused by hospital-acquired infections in hospitals. This retrospective cohort study was conducted in Tehran province, Iran, in 2017. Medical records of 235 patients hospitalized in one of Tehran hospitals were reviewed for the study. They were divided into case (90 patients) and control (145 patients) groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS and STATA software. Results revealed no significant relationship between age and gender with the incidence of nosocomial infection (p>0.05). However, the chance of nosocomial infection is most affected by length of hospital stay and costs paid by patients. Moreover, nosocomial infection increases the length of hospital stay up to 25 days. Our results revealed that the mean±SD hospital stay of infected and non-infected patients were 15.8±17.2 and 40.8±19.1 days, respectively. Furthermore, the total cost of patients without any hospital infection was 2451±3098 USD (83 674 480±105 765 500 Rials). On the other hand, the cost for infected patients was 3264±6078 USD (207 497 500±111 430 700 Rials). Hospital-acquired infections can impose great costs on both patients and the health system. The results of this study indicated the importance of taking specific measures for infection control in hospitals

Researchers suggest that benign breast disease (BBD) is a key risk factor for breast cancer. The present study aimed to determinate the risk level of breast cancer in terms of various BBD subgroups.
A meta-analysis was performed to determinate the risk of breast cancer associated with BBD. Observational studies (traditional case-control studies, nested case-control studies, and cohort studies) published from January 2000 to June 2015 were assessed to evaluate the risk of developing breast cancer related to BBD. Various databases such as Medline (PubMed), Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched. The additional search included the Journal of Breast Cancer Research and Treatment and the Journal of Cancer Research.
Twenty studies out of 21 were used to estimate the risk of developing breast cancer related to proliferative disease without atypia versus non-proliferative disease and the reported risk ranged from 1.04 to 1.83. The reported risk of developing breast cancer related to proliferative disease with atypia versus non-proliferative disease in 21 studies ranged from 1.59 to 4.74. Based on 20 studies, the pooled risk estimates for developing breast cancer related to proliferative disease without atypia versus non-proliferative disease was 1.58 (95% CI: 1.51-1.66). Based on 21 studies, the pooled risk estimates for developing breast cancer related to proliferative disease with atypia versus non-proliferative disease was 3.49 (95% CI: 3.23-3.77).
The overall result of this review showed an elevated risk for breast cancer related to BBD subtypes. We propose better strategies for screening recommendations for such women.

Sacopenia is a common problem in elderly with the adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to estimate the peak appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and age of its attainment by sex among the Iranian population.
A total of 691 men and women aged 18–94 years participated in this cross‑sectional, population‑based study in Bushehr, Iran. ASM was measured by dual X‑ray absorptiometry. Cutoff points for men and women were established considering two standard deviations (SDs) below the mean values of the skeletal muscle index (SMI) for young reference groups. The relationship between ASM and age was described by the second‑degree regression models. Two SDs below the mean SMIs of reference groups were as cutoff values of low muscle mass in Iranian population.
The peak ASM values were 21.35 ± 0.12 Kg and 13.68 ± 0.10 Kg, and the age at peak ASM were 26 (24–28) years and 34 (33–35) years for men and women, respectively. Mean and SD of SMI in those ages were 7.01 ± 0.02 Kg/m2 and 5.44 ± 0.02 Kg/m2 among men and women, respectively. Calculated cutoff values of low muscle mass among the Iranian population were 7.0 Kg/m2 and 5.4 Kg/m2 among men and women, respectively.
Iranian reference values of SMI for both genders were
similar to Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia recommendation and lower than the United States and European values. Further studies from different nations and the Middle East countries are needed to obtain reference values for populations, enabling the researchers for comparison and also more valid reports on sarcopenia prevalence.

This study aimed to analyze functional stresses around short and long implant-supported prostheses with different crown heights.
Four three-dimensional (3D) models were designed with SolidWorks 2015. In models 1 (control) and 2, three dental implants (second premolar 4.1x8 mm, molars: 4.8x8 mm) were placed. In models 3 and 4, three dental implants (second premolar 4.1x4 mm, molars: 4.8x4) were placed. Residual bone height was 10 mm in groups 1 and 2 (grafted bone) models and 6 mm in groups 3 and 4. The crown heights were modeled at 11.5 mm for groups 1 to 3, and 15 mm for group 4. The applied oblique force was 220 N to simulate chewing movements. The maximum von Mises and principal stresses on the implants and the supporting tissues were compared using the 3D finite element method.
In all models, the highest stress value was seen within the most coronal part of bone (crestal bone), which was cortical or grafted bone. The highest stress values in the bone supporting the implant neck were seen in the premolar region of each model, especially in model 4 (291.16 MPa). The lowest stress values were demonstrated in the molar region of model 3 (48.066 MPa). The model 2 implants showed the highest von Mises stress concentrated at their neck (424.44 MPa).
In atrophic posterior mandible with increased crown height space, short implants with wider diameter seem to be a more feasible approach compared to grafting methods.

Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease. Benign breast disease (BBD) is one of the most important risk factors for breast cancer. The etiology of BBD is unknown. It is divided into nonproliferative and proliferative diseases. The selection of studies will be based on titles, abstract screening, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality assessment. Previous studies have shown that all types of BBD increase the risk of breast cancer, but the risk degree is different for each one. Accurate risk estimation of breast cancer in each category can be very important for proper clinical management. This systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted on observational studies (traditional case control, nested case control, case cohort, and cohort) published in the Web of Science (ISI), PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Google Scholar, and the key journals of this field such as Breast Cancer Research and Treatment and Cancer Research from January 2000 to June 2015. Reference lists and gray literature will be reviewed too. All the initial retrievals will be performed by 2 researchers independently. The data extraction form will consist of general information concerning the studies, study eligibility, method, risk of bias assessment, and results—including odds ratios, risk ratios, rate ratios, and hazard ratios. The PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines will be used to report our findings.

considering the increasing incidence of overweightness and obesity along with underweight among children, the investigation of the association between weight status and dietary pattern could provide valuable information about health of children. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between dietary pattern and weight status of rural school-aged children in Bijar County, Iran.
This cross-sectional study consisted of 255 rural school-aged children (aged 7 to 12 years) from Bijar county that were selected through simple random sampling. Dietary data were obtained by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Also, assessment of anthropometric indices, physical activity, and demographic information was performed using standard procedures. Major dietary patterns were determined through the use of principal components analysis, and their association with child weight status was also investigated.
Three dietary patterns, including traditional, modern, and mixed were identified. After adjustment based on age, physical activity, and energy intakes, P trend was significant and showed an upward trend for the chances of being overweight and obese in the quartile of the traditional dietary pattern (p for trend = 0.04). The risk of thinness and severe thinness significantly increased when "modern" dietary pattern was greatly followed (p for trend = 0.04).
Modern and mixed dietary patterns next to the traditional dietary pattern could be found among rural children. The current findings show that the traditional dietary pattern is associated with an increased risk of obesity; however, the modern dietary pattern leads to thinness in rural areas.

Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in common signaling pathways and play central role in heart functions and disorders. Factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κBp65), is an important marker of myocardial inflammation. This study investigated the combination of regular exercise (E), vitamin D (VD) and oxidative stress induced on the levels of NF-κBp65 in the myocardium.
60 adult male rats of the Wistar race were randomly divided into 10 groups: control; H2O2; 2H2O2; H2O2吽; 2H2O2吽; H2O2; 2H2O2; H2O2吽; 2H2O2吽 and dimethyl sulfoxide saline that were under the intervention protocol for 8 weeks. An ELISA kit used to measure NF-κBp65 concentration. Data were analyzed three-way ANOVA. Significant level was set at 0.05.
The results showed the Exercise had a decrease effect on NF-κBp65 protein concentration (P=0.049). Also, high concentration of H2O2 increased the NF_κBp65 protein concentration (P=0.013). On the other hand, the interaction of E and VD had decreasing effect on NF-κBp65 protein concentration (P=0.004). However, VD and E interaction with H2O2 were not significant. Coincidence of three interventions E, H2O2 and VD compared to the combined effect of each one, had a decreasing effect on the protein concentration of NF-κBp65 (P=0.038).
It seems that regular exercise activity, VD antioxidant and exogenous induction of oxidative stress can be used to preconditioning and reduce myocardial inflammation in high oxidative stress conditions.

Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSCLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders among different societies. Manual therapists use different approaches for NSCLBP management and or treatment. Comparing manual techniques is a considerable controversial debate among treatment approaches. This study aimed at comparing the immediate effects following Maitland mobilization technique and Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) on flexion and extension in patients with the NSCLBP.
Eighteen volunteers with NSCLBP were randomly divided into three groups: Posteroanterior (PA) mobilization, SNAG, and Sham SNAG. The PA mobilization techniques (Grade III) were performed on prone lying position (four sets of four repetitions; last 30 seconds for each technique). The SNAG techniques were performed accompanying with active flexion in sitting position (four sets of six repetitions). The sham SNAG technique was applied in sitting position while therapist touched gently patients’ backs (three sets of four repetitions). Flexion and extension Range of Motions (ROMs) were measured before and immediately after applied interventions (by inclinometer).
Within group analysis showed significant changes of flexion and extension in ROMs in SNAG and PA mobilization groups. Between groups analysis pointed out significant difference between the SNAG and placebo groups after interventions.
Our results revealed increased flexion ROM following the SNAG technique and increased extension ROM after Maitland PA mobilization. However, our limited sample size might influence final results. More studies with larger sample size will be suggested.

Diabetes retinopathy (DR) is the most prevalent health problem which is influenced by environmental and genetic factors that its prevalence is increasing. The current systematic review focuses on mtDNA modification including polymorphism, and mutation/deletion with directly effect on DR.
PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Cochrane were systematically searched without publication year restriction. The search terms were ‘‘mitochondrial DNA’’, ‘‘mtDNA’’, ‘‘diabetic retinopathy’’, ‘‘diabetes’’, ‘‘diabetic’’, and ‘‘retina’’. Animal studies, cohort, cross sectional, case series, case reports, and letters to editor, review articles, and in vitro studies were excluded.
From 1528 articles just twelve of them finally were chosen as case-control studies related to mtDNA gene and DR. Actually, of these 12 articles, 8 were concerned about mtDNA polymorphisms (UCP1, UCP2, ROMO-1, Mn-SOD), 4 articles were related to the mtDNA mutation (A3243G mutation in tRNA Leu (UUR) gene and mtDNA deletion (ΔmtDNA 4977).
Between all selected mtDNA genetic modification there were some conflicting results for Mn-SOD, UCP1, ΔmtDNA 4977, tRNA Leu(UUR) , and ROMO-1.Take everything into consideration the polymorphisms (rs660339 of UCP2, and V16A of Mn-SOD gene), and A3243G mutation in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene were the most important in DR pathogenesis.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important health problems worldwide with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. It is a major risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Currently, Iran is located in the intermediate HBV zone; however, recent studies have provided some evidence indicating an epidemiological change in the country. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV in Iran. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the studies performed in the past 25 years that have reported the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated factors in the Iranian general population (1990-2014). Any study assessing and reporting serum Hbs Ag levels was included in this review. After excluding all impertinent studies, 19 eligible studies were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of HBV was 3% (95% CI 2% to 3%). Its distribution showed that the prevalence of HBV varies in different provinces from 0.87% to 8.86%. The HBV rate was highest in the Golestan (8.86%) and lowest in the Kurdistan (0.87%) provinces. This study provides some evidence about the prevalence of HBV in Iran. However, the collected data was very heterogenic, even within a single province, which made it hard to estimate a single-point prevalence. High quality studies are needed to find reliable information about HBV prevalence and to decrease the heterogeneity of results in the country.

Obesity is recognized as a major public-health problem, which has reached epidemic proportions, in both developed and developing countries. The purpose of this survey is to study effects of gastric bypass surgery at micronutrients and macronutrients intake on patients with morbid obesity. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 21 patients. Anthropometry information (weight, height, age, and gender) and three 24-hour recall questionnaires were completed for each participant: Before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The total intake of macronutrients including carbohydrate, protein and fat decreased between baseline at 3 months post-surgery that was statistically significant for all of the macro-nutrients (p < 0.001). There was a reduction of energy intake from carbohydrate (54.81% ± 20.03% to 44.34% ± 14.59%, p = 0.059) and the energy intake from protein (18.57% ± 5.73% to 26.24% ± 9.83%, p = 0.001) and fat (31.06%± 8.64% to 35.18% ± 25.41%, p = 0.460) along the prospective follow-up period compared to previous values. The mean intake of all micronutrients had decreased during follow-up that was statistically significant for B group vitamins (B1, B2, B3, and B6), float, iron, zinc and copper (p < 0.017 for vitamin B2, p < 0.001 for others). Our data demonstrate that low dietary intake of energy, micro- and macro-nutrients absolute values and relative to the recommended dietary allowances and estimated average requirements, are highly prevalent after Roux- en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Therefore dietary counseling, clinical assessments, and the recommendation of supplements if needed in pre- and post- operatively, might be considered for health promotion after RYGB surgeries.