abbas shahedi

The brachial plexus is the largest and most complex nerve network in the body, which is formed in the neck and enters the axillary cavity after passing under the clavicle. So far, many variations have been reported in the brachial network, which are clinically important. The plexus has three cords, one of which is the medial cord. The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm are the branches of the medial cord that innervate the skin of the medial surface of the arm and forearm, respectively. In this study, a rare variation was observed in the branches of the medial cord of the brachial plexus during the dissection of the upper limb of an approximately 80-year-old man in the Dissection Hall of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Thus, in normal condition, there is no connection between the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, and each of them innervates the skin of the medial arm and forearm separately, but in this case, these two nerves are connected. And since knowing this type of variation is very important for surgeons, more studies are needed to determine its prevalence in the population.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an important problem for ovarian torsion. It is generally caused by the damage of reactive oxygen species. Antioxidant agents such as curcumin may protect the ovaries from damage caused by oxygen free radicals. The present study was performed aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin on ischemic-reperfusion (I / R) injury by evaluating biochemical and histopathological parameters.

Thirty-six female Wistar rats (200-250g) were divided into six experimental groups: control, sham, torsion (3 hours of ischemia), torsion and detour (3 hours of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion) and treatment groups 1 and 2 (Ischemia was divided into 3 hours, reperfusion for 3 hours and then intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg / kg curcumin half hour before detorsion and half hours after detorsion). Malondialdehyde (MDA) test was performed by taking blood samples from rats and special kits. After ovarian resection, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed for histopathological evaluation of the ovary. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 18) and one-way variance and Kruskal-Willis statistical tests. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed a significant difference in the torsion and detour groups compared to other groups (P <0.001). In histopathological evaluation, the number of ovarian follicles at different stages of development showed a significant decrease in torsion and detour groups compared to control, sham and treatment groups (P <0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the treatment groups. The number of corpus luteum was significantly reduced in the treatment, torsion and detour groups compared to the control and sham groups (P <0.001).

Curcumin probably maintains ovarian function through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties following ischemic-reperfusion injury.

Curcumin is a natural antioxidant known for its neuroprotective properties against cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (CIRI). Stroke has the greatest impact on the hippocampus CA1 region and leads to cognitive impairment.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of pretreatment with turmeric extract before induction of cerebral ischemia on the structure of the hippocampus CA1 region, learning, and spatial memory.

A total of 32 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group, 2) sham group (received DMSO), 3) ischemia group (15 min bilateral carotid artery), and 4) curcumin group (received 100 mg/kg of curcumin daily for five days before induction of ischemia). A Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate memory impairment in mice 48 h after ischemia induction. The animals were then anesthetized, and their blood samples were taken for malondialdehyde measurement. Subsequently, the animals’ brains were removed, and the number of neurons and the volume of the layers were examined using cresyl violet staining.

The results of stereology showed a significant increase in the volume of the CA1 region and its substrates in the curcumin treatment group compared to the ischemia group. In addition, the number of pyramidal neurons in the treatment group showed a significant increase compared to the ischemia group. Moreover, curcumin administration reduced spatial memory impairment in the treatment group compared to the ischemia group.

These results suggest that pretreatment with curcumin can improve memory and learning disorders and hippocampal neuron damage following ischemia.

Recently, it has been proven that cartilage healing is difficult. The most commonly used treatments are autogenously cartilage grafting and allogeneic bone grafting, but grafts cannot fully meet treatment goals because of source, price, safety, and other concerns. Thus, a combination of biological materials and tissue engineering technology has become a recent trend in studies. Among the studies performed on tissue engineering cartilage materials are hydrogels that exhibit biological activity, post-decomposition adsorption, flexibility, and easy preparation. Cell-containing hydrogels are often used in cartilage tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility, ease of use, and ability to adapt to different defects. Hydrogels are used to mimic extracellular matrices. Although multiple materials can configure and form hydrogels, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives are distinguished. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an extracellular molecule with several physical and biological functions found in many tissues, including cartilage. HA is formed in several biomaterial systems and scaffolding. HA hydrogels have many interests, including increased adhesion, cell proliferation, and wound healing. In addition, they represent adequate biological acting for stimulating a microenvironment for the survival of cells. However, their disadvantages include a slow degradation rate and low mechanical properties. Here, HA-based hydrogels and their applications in cartilage tissue engineering are briefly reviewed.

Placenta has a strategic role in fetal/maternal exchange. A healthy placenta is essential for normal fetal development. Avoiding consumption of some foods and vegetables is suggested during pregnancy due to the risk of placental disorders. Celery is a high consumed vegetable that some studies concern about its adverse effect on pregnancy. The present study focused on its consumption side effects in different trimesters of gestation on mouse placenta. Duration of pregnancy in mice is three weeks. Five groups of 5 mice were considered. Groups I, II and III received celery hydro-alcoholic extract only during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd weeks of pregnancy, respectively and group IV received it during all the weeks of gestation. The 5th group was considered as control and just received placebo. The biometrical sizes of placenta (weight, length and diameter) were measured and histopathological analysis was done. Celery consumption decreased the weight of placenta in groups II, III and IV. Also, placental length and diameter decreased in groups I and IV. Histopathological examination showed decrease of placenta trophoblastic giant cells and increase of trophoblast glycogen cells in the basal layer. Generally, morphological and pathological changes in the 4th group showed more deviations from the control group. Basal and Labyrinth layer thickness decreased in the experimental groups. Also, hyperaemia was observed in labyrinth layer of the experimental groups. Due to the decrease of placenta biometrical sizes and histo-pathological adverse effects, it is advised that celery should be used with more precaution, during pregnancy.

The brachial plexus is the largest and most complex neural plexus in the body located in the neck and axilla. So far, there have been many reports of various variations in the brachial plexus that are of clinical significance. In the present study, while dissecting the upper limb of a 54-year-old man in the dissection room of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, a rare variation was observed in the lateral cord branches of the plexus. In this case, the medial pectoral nerve, which normally separates from the medial cord, originated from the lateral cord. Awareness of this variation is important for anatomists, surgeons, anesthesiologists and radiologists to interpret the graphs, etc., and can help to reduce clinical complications during surgery and better interpret and diagnose the graphs.

The present study aimed to evaluate the sperm chromatin quality and rate of apoptosis in formaldehyde (FA)-exposed mice and the possible protective effects of curcumin (Cur) on the fertility potential of spermatozoa. Twenty-four adult male NMRI mice were randomly divided into three groups: Group Ι (control), group ΙΙ (Sham) received Cur solvent (2 ml/day, intraperitoneal), group ΙΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and group ΙV received FA+Cur (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). After 35 days, the spermatozoa from right cauda epididymis were analyzed using Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) and TUNEL staining. Regarding CMA3 and TUNEL tests, the data revealed a significant increase (p <0.05) in control and sham groups compared to the FA and FA+Cur groups. There was also a significant decrease in CMA3 tests and apoptosis in FA+Cur group compared to FA group (p <0.05). Cur, as a potent antioxidant, can attenuate detrimental effects of FA on the chromatin quality and apoptosis in an experimental animal model.

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) has attracted a considerable amount of interest for biomedical application due to its biocompatibility, tailored biodegradation rate (depending on the molecular weight and copolymer ratio), approval for clinical use in humans by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the potential to change surface properties to create better interaction with biological materials and being suitable for export to countries and cultures where planting products with animals is unusable. For commercial use and research, PLGA has been widely studied to control small molecule drugs, proteins, and other macromolecules. This study aims to review the studies that used PLGA scaffolding and its composites as a scaffold and drug delivery in cartilage tissue engineering. It is concluded from the results that the PLGA scaffold as a synthetic scaffold, when combined with natural scaffolds or hybrids, strengthens its biological properties and performs its function better.

Formaldehyde (FA) exposure is an important cause of cellular injury and oxidative damage in testis, leading to infertility. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of curcumin on sperm and stereological parameters in testes from formaldehyde-exposed NMRI mice.

At 6-8 weeks of age, 24 adult male NMRI mice weighing 30-35 g were categorized into four groups (n=6) based on the treatment they received: Group І (control) received no treatment, group ΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg), group ΙΙΙ received FA (10 mg/kg) and curcumin (100 mg/kg), and group IV (Solvent) received dimethyl sulfoxide (0.2 ml/day). Materials were administered intraperitoneally for 35 days. After excision, epididymis tissues were placed in 1 mL aliquots of Ham’s F10 medium at 37˚C for 20 min and were then used in analyses of sperm parameters. Testes were fixed and stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin to investigate stereological indices. We also determined lipid peroxidation levels using malondialdehyde assays.

Mean sperm parameters (count, motility, viability, and morphology) differed significantly between groups ΙΙ and ΙΙΙ (p≤0.001). Stereological indices, including Leydig and spermatogonia cell numbers and surface-to-volume ratios of seminiferous tubules were significantly higher in group ΙΙΙ than in group ΙΙ (p≤0.001) . Finally, malondialdehyde levels in group III were significantly lower than in group II (p=0.001).

The data showed that the curcumin, as an antioxidant, reduced FA-induced damage in sperm parameters and stereological indices in mice testes.

This study aimed to observe the effect of Icariin on histomorphometric changes of testis and prostate induced by Acrylamide.

Male mice were divided into four groups (n=8): A is the control group and does not get any treatment, B is the sham group and only received drinking water. C group received Acrylamide 10 mg/kg. D group received Acrylamide 15 mg/kg+1.5 mg/kg of Icariin. Histological changes in testis and prostate were examined using stereological methods.

Results showed decreases in testis weight of the group treated by (p≤0.01) and the group cured by Acrylamide +Icariin group (p≤0.05). The total volume of testis showed a reduction in the Acrylamide  group compared to other groups (p≤0.05). The total number of spermatogonia and spermatocyte cells in the Acrylamide group showed a decrease in comparison with the other groups (p≤0.05). The total number of spermatid cells in the Acrylamide group indicated a significant reduction in comparison with the control and sham group (p≤0.05). The total number of sertoli cells in the Acrylamide group showed a reduction when the number of leydig cells in the Acrylamide group showed a significant decrease in comparison with the control, sham, and Acrylamide+Icariin groups (p≤0.05). The mean Johnsen score was decreased in the Acrylamide treated group compared to control, sham, and Acrylamide+Icariin groups (p≤0.05). Testosterone concentration in the Acrylamide group showed a reduction in comparison with control, sham, and Acrylamide+Icariin groups (p≤0.05).

Results demonstrated that Acrylamide altered the structure of the testis, prostate gland, and spermatogenesis stage, and Icariin treatment improved these histopathological changes.

The axillary artery extends to the subclavian artery, which gives blood the axillary region. This artery is starting from the outset of the first ribAnd ends near the inferior terse major muscle, and then goes on with the name of the Brachial artery,the axillary artery variation is common and given the blood supply to the upper limb Clinically important .These variations seem to be an important finding that a rare case of anatomical presentation in an underground cavity to the right of a male body with an age of approximately 60-65 years was found in ShahidSadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd, which was as followed:, external thoracic artery that is normally separated from the second part of the axillary artery;In this case, the third branch of the Thoracodorsal artery is separated. Since the axillary artery was exposed to damage, especially in cases of abdominal tenderness or removal of the axillary lymph nodes, the use of upper limb arches for coronary artery bypass surgery, Therefore, knowledge of natural anatomy and axillary artery changes will be useful for medical professionals, especially surgeons and anatomists.

Tamoxifen (TX) is widely used for the treatment of male factor and idiopathic infertility. It has been shown that TX induces sperm production and so improves male fertility. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of TX on the sperm parameters and chromatin quality in mice. In this research, 24 male NMRI mice were divided into three groups including group A: control animal receiving vehicle; group B: the group receiving basal diet and TX 0.4 mg/kg/day; and group C: the group receiving basal diet and TX 0.6 mg/kg/day for 35 days. Thereafter, epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed for standard parameters and nuclear chromatin quality using Aniline Blue (AB) and Toluidine Blue (TB) staining. The results indicated that although the TX did not affect the sperm count, motility, and viability parameters, it could elevate the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal morphology and abnormal chromatin at both doses. In addition, in comparison with the control mice, a significant elevation was observed in spermatozoa with residual histones (assessed by AB staining) at high doses of TX. Our experimental data in mice suggested that the use of TX for treating male infertility might increase the rates of spermatozoa with abnormal chromatin in a dose-dependent manner.

Tamoxifen (TX) is widely used to treat idiopathic infertility in men. Using TX has been shown to produce sperm in patients with oligospermia and azoospermia and improve male fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TX on DNA and chromatin quality in mice regarding the importance of chromatin quality and sperm DNA at all stages of reproduction. 24 male NMRI mice were divided into 3 groups including dose 0.4 mg/kg/day that received basal diet and TX, dose 0.6 mg/kg/day that received basal diet and TX, and group 3 that received vehicle for 35 days as the control. After that, epididymal spermatozoa were analyzed for nuclear DNA quality. One-way ANOVA was performed with a Tukey test to compare sperm DNA fragmentation at different times. The p<0.05 was considered significant. The use of different doses of TX may have detrimental effects on sperm chromatin protamination and DNA integrity in mice. According to Acridine Orange (AO) staining, the rate of increased single-stranded DNA damage was observed at 0/6 mg/kg/day TX dose (p<0.05). The use of different studied TX doses in the animal sample was found to increase the amount of protamine deficiency and DNA defect in treated mice.  

Many studies have shown that medicinal herbs despite several therapeutic effects, sometimes can have many side effects for the fetus and even lead to miscarriage. Celery (Apiumgraveolens) is a medicinal plant in traditional medicine with numerous therapeutic effects. However, there is no information regarding its effects on the fetus; therefore, this study was performed with aim to evaluate the effects of hydro alcoholic extract of celery leaves on Balb/c mice embryo. This interventional study was performed from June 20 to 10 July 2016 on 20 female mice which were buy from the animal center of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in histology laboratory of the Anatomy Department of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. 20 female mice after mating were randomly divided into 4 groups. Control group received distilled water (gavage) and experimental groups 1، 2 and 3 were received 200mg/kg of the celery hydro alcoholic extract during the first, second, and third weeks of pregnancy, respectively. In 20th day of pregnancy, caesarean surgery was done and the number of absorbed embryos were counted and were considered as abortion. Furthermore, the embryos weight and heights were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and one-way ANOVA and LSD test. P The number of live fetuses was similar in the control group and the experimental group 1 (receiving extract during the first weeks of pregnancy), but had difference with other groups. Only 1 aborted fetus was observed in experimental group 3 (receiving extract during third weeks of pregnancy). Also, the embryos weight and heights were significantly decreased in the groups receiving extract (p˂0. 05). Celery extract has abortifacient effect and can cause morphological changes in embryo, so it is suggested to evaluate the effect of this herb in pregnant women.

Considering the development of nanotechnology and extensive use of nano-materials are in different fields of industry, it is necessary to investigate their destructive effects on biological systems. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is used in the production of different dyes, cosmetics, ceramics, photocatalysts, water and sewage treatment and a lot of other products. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the Teratogenic effect of TiO2 in different gestational weeks of NMRI mice.
This experimental study was performed on 30 female NMRI mice (25-30 gr, 8-12 weeks of pregnancy) in 2017. The mice were randomly assigned into 2 control groups and 4 case groups). Pregnancy was confirmed with vaginal plaque (GD0). The doses of 5 mg/kg of tio2 solution were orally gavage to pregnant mice from the first to 18th days of pregnancy. The first group, the first week of pregnancy, the second group, the second week of pregnancy and the third group received nanoparticles only in the third week of pregnancy and the fourth case group were treated during all period of pregnancy. The Sham group was gavage with solvent and control group received city water without gavage. In the 18th day of pregnancy, the fetuses were removed from the uterine tubes and their weight and height, Head circumference and morphologic disorders were recorded, their skeletal disorders were checked by alizarin red and painting. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21). P Totally, significant reduction in body weight and CR length was observed in all four experimental groups in comparison with control group (P The results of present study prove the toxicity and teratogenicity effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on living organisms. So, further studies are recommended to predict the toxicity effect of TiO2.

Vitrification of oocytes is a fast-freezing technique, which may affect the quality of the human oocyte, and consequently affects the embryo development, pregnancy and birth. The aim of the current study was to investigate the consequence of in-vitro vitrification on maturation status of immature human oocytes, additionally, expression levels of stress, and apoptosis related genes.
The total of 213 human immature oocytes which routinely discarded from assisted reproduction clinics were collected and divided into two groups including: (I) fresh germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (n=106) (matured in-vitro (fIVM) , and (II) GV oocytes (n=107) that initially vitrified, then matured in in-vitro (vIVM). After 36 hours of incubation, the oocytes were evaluated for nuclear maturation and expression level of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1), stress related genes (Sod1 and Hsp70), and apoptotic related genes (Bax and Bcl-2) by quantitative Real-Time PCR.
Oocyte maturation rates were reduced in vIVM compared to fIVM oocytes (P=0.001). The expression of stress (Sod1 and Hsp70), and apoptotic-related genes (Bax and Bcl-2) in vIVM were significantly higher compared to the fIVM group. Additionally, pro-apoptotic gene up-regulated 4.3 times more than anti-apoptotic gene in vIVM oocyte. However, DNMT1 gene expression was reduced in vIVM oocyte (P = 0.047).
The low survival rate of vitrified In-vitro matured GV oocytes could definitely be explained by the alterations of their gene expression profile.

Background and Arterial blood gases (Arterial blood gas [ABG]) One of the most important Laboratory tests to determine the status PH the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide blood levels of bicarbonate. Also, hemoglobin and serum lactate and electrolytes and also won the Test. Height and air pressure can vary on ABG and its surface, low pressure conditions at high altitude pilots place on arterial blood gases are subject to change, this can important steps to investigate the relationship of these changes are in line with the compilcations may occur in different organs pilots during flight. This AD research and in terms of the S mode using content analysis (Content Analysis) And took note of the material used in several papers to prove the correctness of the opinion of the clay, and only ten The theory is or not. The method of collection and compilation of information via the library resources, the Internet and text of the H-point Military Medicine (Aerospace Medicine) the analysis are discussed. Arterial blood gases (ABG) show variations in different conditions. ABG include: PH, HCO 3 -, PO 2, Base exces, sPCO 2, SO2 is. SBCe rate also (Bicarbonate concentration in the blood) and And Total also acquired the ABG. Discussion And ABG and changes in their altitude and conditions Haypvbar few studies have been conducted. Most of these studies examined people who have climbed mountains, and changes in the elevation of arterial blood gases is limited. Similar studies in Chambr Haypvbar conditions or when flying in an airplane took place on arterial blood gas changes, but the research done altitudes Like Somogy and colleagues examined the Mountaineers to a metabolic alkalosis due to the hypoxia caused by Hypo ventilated with Kmvrsptvr stimulation was observed.

Approximately 20% of recovered oocytes are immature and discarded in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures. These oocytes represent a potential resource for both clinical and basic science application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructure architecture of in vitro matured human oocytes using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A total of 204 immature oocytes from infertile patients who underwent ICSI cycles were included in this prospective study. Immature oocytes were divided into two groups: (i) GV oocytes (n = 101); and (ii) MI oocytes (n = 103). Supernumerary fresh in vivo matured oocytes (n = 10) were used as control. The rates of maturations were 61.38% for GV and 73.78% for MI oocytes in IVM medium (P = 0.07). However, the rate of oocyte arrest was significant between groups (P <0. 05). Ultrastructurally; in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes appeared round, with a homogeneous cytoplasm, an intact oolemma and an intact zona pellucida. However, immature oocytes indicated numerous large mitochondria-vesicle complexes (M-VC). Ultrastructural changes of M-VC in IVM groups emphasize the need for further research in order to refine culture conditions and improve the implantation rate of in-vitro matured oocytes.

The use of ovarian stimulation for infertility treatment is associated with side effects of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and potential cancer risk. This is also true in high risk women such as those polycystic with ovary (PCO) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes was primarily developed to make IVF safe for women with PCO and at high risk of OHSS. The application of IVM of oocytes to assist clinical infertility treatment remains poor because of the reduced developmental competence of oocytes after IVM, despite several decades of research. Reduced meiotic maturation and fertilization rates, as well as low blastocyst production reveal short-term developmental insufficiency of oocytes when compared with in vivo-matured counterparts. In this review, the structural role of human oocytes, revealed by different technical approaches, to the success of IVM technology is highlighted.

Distal humerus fractures continue to be a elaborate fracture to treat. Orthogonal and parallel plate’s constructs are often used for fixation of intra-articular distal humerus fractures but optimal plate configuration remains controversial. Aim of this study was Comparison of short outcome and therapeutic results of two orthogonal plates versus parallel plates in treatment of distal humeral fractures. In a descriptive analytical study، 60 patients with distal humerus fractures were evaluated. They were divided in two matched groups according to their sex، age and type of fractures. 30 patients in each group were followed for 6 month and results were compared. Mean age of total studied patient was (47. 9± 14. 9) years. Union of fractures was similar in two methods of plating. An ulnar nerve injury in orthogonal plates were in 2 (6. 7%) cases and in parallel plate was in one case. Operation infection site and malalignment in orthogonal plate were in 2 cases but there was not observed in parallel methods. Range of motion improvement in 6 month after surgery was significant difference between two methods. Patients treated with parallel methods had better function. According to our study results، two methods of plating are similar and can provide adequate stability. But functional improvements and elbow range of motion are better in parallel plate.