abdolhassan farhangi

The main goal of the current research is to determine the fit of the causal model of psychological well-being based on resilience and self-expression with the mediation of interpersonal skills and mindfulness. The statistical population of the research included the students of different levels of psychology in North Tehran and East Tehran units of Tehran Azad University in the academic year 1401-1402, and a sample of 495 students was selected by random sampling method. 18-question psychological well-being standard questionnaires of Riff (1989), 25-questions of Connor and Davidson's resilience (2005) (CD-RIS) and 15-questions of Mattson's interpersonal communication skills (1983) were used. The results of the research showed that resilience has a significant and direct effect on psychological well-being with an impact coefficient (0.497). Also, resilience has an indirect effect on psychological well-being through the mediation of interpersonal skills (P<05). It can be concluded that the increase of individual skills and resilience leads to the promotion of psychological well-being of students, so universities should work more on the development of resilience and interpersonal skills.

 The aim of this study was to present a model of temptation and likelihood of substance use in dependent individuals with a history of relapse based on attention bias and emotional processing styles, with the mediating role of social support.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included addicted individuals referred to addiction treatment centers (residential camps) in the city of Rasht. A simple random sampling method was used, and based on the Morgan table, 201 individuals were selected. Data were collected using the following standardized questionnaires: Post-Addiction Temptation to Use Substance Questionnaire, Shostrom Attention Bias Questionnaire (translated by Rezvani), Baker's Emotional Processing Styles Questionnaire, and Wax's Social Support Questionnaire. For statistical data analysis, structural equation modeling and LISREL software were used.

 The results indicated that all the paths in the overall sample were statistically significant. In the final research model, the relationship between variables of temptation and likelihood of substance use in dependent individuals with a history of relapse, based on attention bias and emotional processing styles, with the mediating role of social support, was significant. The highest coefficient (-0.76) was related to the path of social support, while the weakest coefficient (-0.39) was related to the path of attention bias. Therefore, all direct paths were significant (p < 0.50). In the proposed research model, there were two indirect or mediating paths, and to determine the significance of mediating relationships and the indirect effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable through the mediator, the bootstrap method was used (p < 0.01).

 It can be concluded that the model has good fitness. Based on the standard coefficients, the direct and indirect paths of the proposed model were significant.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of schema therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the regulation of primary emotions in young women with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).

This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The participants were 51 women aged 25 to 35 years, diagnosed with BDD through clinical interviews based on DSM-5-TR criteria. They were randomly assigned to three groups: schema therapy, CBT, and control (17 participants each). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was administered at three stages: pretest, posttest, and follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to evaluate the differences in emotion regulation across groups and time points.

The results showed that both schema therapy and CBT significantly improved emotion regulation compared to the control group. However, schema therapy demonstrated superior effectiveness, with significant and sustained improvements from pretest to posttest and follow-up (p < .05). The interaction effect between group and time was significant (F = 127.50, p = .001, η² = .842), indicating that schema therapy had a more enduring impact on emotion regulation than CBT. In contrast, the CBT group’s improvements, while significant, were less stable over time.

Schema therapy was found to be more effective than CBT in regulating primary emotions in young women with BDD, with sustained benefits observed three months post-intervention. These findings suggest that schema therapy offers a promising alternative to CBT for treating BDD, particularly in cases where deeper cognitive and emotional factors are at play.

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Body Dysmorphic Disorder in young women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. 

 Methods and Materials: 

This quasi-experimental study utilized a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population included all female clients aged 25 to 35 years with Body Dysmorphic Disorder who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in District 1 of Tehran. From this population, 51 individuals were selected using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to three groups (two experimental groups and one control group) of 15 participants each. The first group received Schema Therapy sessions, the second group received Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The Body Dysmorphic Metacognitive Questionnaire (BDMCQ; Rabiei et al., 2011) was completed by participants at three stages: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up for data collection. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.  

The results indicated that both Schema Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy were effective in controlling Body Dysmorphic Disorder in young women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Furthermore, comparing the two therapies, Schema Therapy was found to be more effective than Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in controlling Body Dysmorphic Disorder (p < .05).  

The findings of this study suggest that Schema Therapy can be used to control Body Dysmorphic Disorder in young women with Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare behavioral systems and thought control among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder, and healthy individuals.

Methods and Materials: 

The method of the current research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-post-event in terms of implementation. The study population included all individuals attending neurology and psychiatry clinics in Qom during 2021-2022. In this study, a total of 200 individuals were selected as the sample (individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder: 50, individuals with major depression: 50, individuals with panic disorder: 50, and healthy individuals: 50) using a non-random and convenient sampling method. The research tools included the Carver and White (1994) Behavioral Systems Questionnaires and the Wells and Davies (1994) Thought Control Questionnaire. The research data were analyzed using the SPSS-24 statistical software, through descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically the multivariate analysis of variance.

The results of the analysis indicated that behavioral systems and thought control vary among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder, and healthy individuals.

Therefore, in the current study, thought control varies among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder, and healthy individuals.

This study was conducted with the aim of creatingp a model of pregnant women's quality of life and self-care behaviors based on health literacy and mindfulness mediated by a health-oriented lifestyle.

The present study was a descriptive- correlative study. The study population was pregnant women who were admitted to the comprehensive health centers of the city of Bojnord in the last three months of 2019, of whom 240 pregnant women were voluntarily selected according to the available sampling method. The instruments used for data collection were the Maternal Health Literacy Questionnaire, Mindfulness Scale, Short Quality of Life Scale, World Health Organization Short Scale, Self-care in Pregnancyand Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire. The data was analyzed and structured using SPSS24 and Lisrel softwares and structural equation method.

The age of the participants was between 18-35 years. The independent variables " health literacy during pregnancy” and “mindfulness” and the mediating variable “health-oriented lifestyle” predicted 42% of the changes in self-care and 61% of the changes in quality of life. The indirect effects of health literacy during pregnancy on quality of life (0.52), pregnancy health literacy during pregnancy on self-care (0.50) mindfulness on quality of life (0.49), and mindfulness on self-care (0.47) were also significant due to health-oriented lifestyle (P<0.05).

In order to improve the quality of life and self-care behavior of pregnant women, it is suggested that in addition to health literacy and  mindfulness during pregnancy, attention should also be paid to a health-oriented lifestyle and its development in pregnant women.

The purpose of this study was to compare working memory in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder and healthy individuals.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study included all patients referred to psychiatric clinics of Qom city in 1401-1400. In this study, a total of 200 people (people with obsessive-compulsive disorder: 50 people, patients with major depressive disorder: 50 and those with panic disorder: 50 and healthy people: 50 people) were selected by available sampling method. The instruments for collecting the research included the working memory of Daniman and Carpenter (1980). Data were analyzed by SPSS software (24) and multi-way ANOVA test.

The results of the analysis showed that working memory is different in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder and healthy individuals (P<0.01). The working memory of obsessive-compulsive disorder was higher than that of major depressive disorder and panic disorder individuals and less with healthy individuals (P<0.01).

It can be concluded that working memory was different in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, panic disorder and healthy individuals.

The present research was conducted with the aim of modeling children's behavioral problems based on parenting methods with the mediation of parent-child relationship.

In a cross-sectional study in the form of a correlational design, all mothers of primary school students with behavioral problems in Karaj city were selected using a simple random sampling method from the list of names of students diagnosed with behavioral problems. After obtaining informed consent, the research data were used with the help of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - Achenbach and Rescorla (2001), parenting style questionnaire (1973) and Pianta parent-child relationship questionnaire (2015). In order to check the assumptions of the statistical tests and test the hypotheses of the research, using the SmartPLS software, the identified paths of the research have been investigated according to the conceptual model. Version 3.3 of SmartPLS software was used to compile the confirmatory factor analysis model and structural equations, and SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistics. Path analysis has also been used to determine direct and indirect coefficients.

The results obtained from the bootstrap method and the Sobel test both show that the indirect effect of parenting methods on children's behavioral problems due to the parent-child relationship is -0.298, and the value of the Sobel statistic is significant at the 95% confidence level. (Sobel = 5.28, P<0.001).

It can be concluded that parenting methods have a significant effect on children's behavioral problems due to the mediating role of parent-child relationship. The findings of this study are consistent with the background. Research shows the effect of parenting methods by mediating the parent-child relationship in creating children's behavioral problems, which can be used in the prevention program while removing clinical implications

In addition to pervasive pain, patients with fibromyalgia also complain about impaired cognitive functions, anxiety, and depression.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) in depression and the severity of symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia.

This was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with a 3-month follow-up. The statistical population covered all female patients with fibromyalgia visiting the Rheumatology Clinic of Rasool Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Basedoninclusion criteriaandtheconvenience samplingmethod, 36 individualswereselectedandrandomlyassigned to 3 groups (2 experimental groups and a control group). Each experimental group received treatment (i.e., MBSR, eight 120-minute sessions, or ISTDP, eight 120-minute sessions). The research instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The results showed that both interventions, namely MBSR and ISTDP, effectively reduced depression and the severity of symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia (P < 0.001). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and ISTDP were also significantly different in terms of effectiveness, with ISTDP being more effective with a longer-term follow-up effect (P < 0.001).

Mindfulness-based stress reduction and ISTDP were effective and practical methods for reducing depression and the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms. It is recommended that psychotherapists and counselors adopt these approaches to reduce depression and the severity of fibromyalgia symptoms in patients and help improve and reduce their symptoms.

Marital conflict is an interactive process in which couples feel uncomfortable about aspects of their relationship and sometimes try to resolve it in different ways. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of structural equation modeling of early maladaptive schemas and marital conflicts with the mediating role of alexithymia. This research is applied and in terms of methodology, is the descriptive of correlation between structural equations. The statistical population of this study included all married people who referred to the psychological clinics of Tehran's District 2 in the period from February 2016 to July 2017, which is at least one year after their married life. In order to sample 300 people from the mentioned community, they were randomly selected by voluntary sampling method. Data collection questionnaires Marital conflict questionnaire (Sanai, Barati and Boostanipoor, 1996), Yang's early maladaptive schemas (Young & Brown,2005), and Toronto's Emotional Disappointment (Bagby, Taylor & Parker, 1994) were used to collect data. The data were collected using statistical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS_22 software. The results showed that the fit indicators after model modification have property values and are in good fit with the research model and also the scope of early maladaptive schemas is related to the mediating role of questionnaires with marital conflicts. The result is that existing relationships can be used to improve marital relationships.

Nurses have a crucial position in health care, making up more than 75% of health care providers. The working environment can cause chronic stress in nurses. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of health anxiety and mental health with psychological vulnerability mediated by perceived social support in nurses working in COVID-19 wards in Shiraz (Iran).

This descriptive-correlational study used multistage random sampling to enroll all 200 nurses of the COVID unit of the hospital in Shiraz in 2022. The research tools included the General Health Questionaire-28, the Health Anxiety Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale. The proposed model was evaluated using structural equation modeling (SEM).

The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit. According to the results the direct paths from perceived social support and mental health to psychological vulnerability were significant (P<0.01). There was a positive and significant relationship between health anxiety with psychological vulnerability and perceived social support with mental health (P<0.01). The direct path from health anxiety to perceived social support was not significant.

Mental health and perceived social support effectively reduced psychological vulnerability and could help mitigate the psychological harms caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to positive changes resulting from trauma. As a traumatic stressor, COVID-19 can affect various aspects of one’s life. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of coping strategies and defense mechanisms in the relationship of PTG and mental health, resilience, and perceived social support in COVID-19 survivors.

This study was conducted using a path analysis method from the correlation matrix. The research population included all COVID-19 recovered patients in Golestan province, Iran. Using the convenience sampling method, 300 patients who recovered from COVID-19 were selected. The participants were given questionnaires online. The research instruments included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ), and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOC). The data were analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS version 25.

The findings of SEM revealed that the model fits the data. The relationship between problem-focused coping strategies and PTG, mental health, and perceived social support, the relationship between PTG and perceived social support, resilience, and mental health, and the relationship between mature defense mechanisms and PTG, mental health, resilience, and perceived social support were positive and significant (P < 0.01). The relationship between emotion-focused strategies and PTG, resilience, and perceived social support, the relationship between neurotic defense mechanisms and mental health, resilience, PTG, and perceived social support, and the relationship between immature defense mechanisms and mental health, resilience, and PTG were negative and significant (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the direct path analysis revealed that the relationships between mental health and emotion-focused strategies and between perceived social support and immature defense mechanisms were not significant.

The study results suggested that mental health, resilience, perceived social support, as well as problem-focused coping strategies played a crucial role in increasing PTG in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, they can be utilized to reduce the mental damage caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Patients with Fibromyalgia, in addition to widespread pain, often complain of fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy on intolerance of uncertainty and depression in women with Fibromyalgia. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control design and a three-month follow-up. The study population included all women with Fibromyalgia visiting the rheumatology clinic at Hazrat-e Rasool-e Akram Hospital, in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. A total of 36 patients were recruited using purposive sampling and assigned to three groups, two experimental groups and one control group (n=12 patients in each group). The experimental groups 1 and 2 received mindfulnessbased stress reduction therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy, respectively, in eight 120-minute sessions (one session every week). Meanwhile, the control group did not receive psychotherapy intervention during this period. The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory were used for data collection. The repeated measures ANOVA were used for analyzing the data in SPSS version 25. The significance level of the research was set at α=0.05. The results indicated that both mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy effectively reduced intolerance of uncertainty and depression in Fibromyalgia patients (P<0.001). However, intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy proved to be significantly more effective than mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy; this difference was observed through the follow-up period (P<0.001). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy were effective and practical methods for reducing intolerance of uncertainty and depression. It could be therefore recommended that psychotherapists and counselors employ these approaches in order to reduce depression and intolerance of uncertainty in women with Fibromyalgia.

In any society, students are considered human assets. In addition, the second period of secondary school is one of the most important periods of education, in which students face special biological, social, and psychological conditions, and many mental and physical pressures and adaptation problems are a special feature of this period. Target this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy (MBSR) on academic belief, emotional regulation, and academic adjustment in male high school students in Ilam.

The current research is a type of clinical trial and experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research includes all male students of the second secondary level of Ilam city in the academic year of 2019. that by one-stage cluster random sampling method, three high schools were randomly selected from among all boys' high schools in Ilam city, then 45 students were selected as sample members from among the students studying in these high schools and were completely randomly selected in three Acceptance and commitment-based therapy (ACT), mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy (MBSR) and control group were divided. Each group had 15 members. First, a pre-test was taken from all three groups, then for the experimental groups, related training programs were implemented in groups and 1 session per week. While the control group did not receive any training, a post-test was taken from all three groups after the completion of the training sessions. It should be explained that due to the spread of the coronavirus and absenteeism in schools, all educational sessions were conducted in virtual space and the tests were designed electronically and made available to the participants. Research instruments include Walland et al. (1992) Academic Belief Questionnaire, Gross and John's Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (2003), Jerusalem Academic Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1986), Clark Academic Adjustment Scale (1976), and Hayes Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The mindset was the stress reduction (MBSR) of Kabbalah. The research data were analyzed by SPSS-21 software at the descriptive level by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation indices and at the inferential level by multivariate analysis of covariance and the Bonferroni test.

Results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in terms of dependent variables (academic belief, emotional regula, tion and academic adjustment) (P <0.001). There is also a significant difference between acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy in terms of effectiveness on emotional regulation (P <0.001).

According to the results of this study, both acceptance and commitment-based therapies and mindfulness-based stress reduction therapies increase academic confidence, cognitive reassessment, and academic adjustment, as well as reduce emotional inhibition in students. Acceptance and commitment- based therapy also increase cognitive reassessment and reduce emotional inhibition more than mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy.

The pain and disability caused by chronic diseases such as fibromyalgia disrupt physical, mental, and social activities and job performance. These factors, in turn, diminish mental health in such patients. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) in improving mental health and mitigating alexithymia in fibromyalgia patients.

Method and Materials: 

This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all females with fibromyalgia in the rheumatology clinic of Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Thirty-six of them were selected via convenience sampling based on inclusion criteria. The participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups, one receiving eight 120-min MBSR sessions and the other one receiving eight 120-min ISTDP sessions. The research instruments included the Mental Health Inventory (MHI) and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). The data were analyzed via repeated measures ANOVA.

It was found that MBSR and ISTDP interventions were effective in mitigating alexithymia and improving mental health in fibromyalgia patients (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between MBSR and ISTDP, which ISTDP having higher effectiveness and more extended durability in the follow-up stage (P<0.05).

The MBSR and ISTDP interventions effectively mitigate alexithymia and improve mental health in fibromyalgia patients. Therefore, it is suggested that clinical psychologists use such interventions to improve the Quality of Life (QoL) for patients with fibromyalgia

This research was conducted with the aim of presenting the pattern of self-care behaviors of pregnant women based on health literacy and mindfulness with the mediation of a health-oriented lifestyle.

The current research was applied in terms of its purpose and structural equations in terms of descriptive-correlation method. The studied population was pregnant women referring to comprehensive health centers in Bojnord city in the last three months of 2021. A number of 240 pregnant women who volunteered to participate in the research were selected through available sampling. Data using the pregnancy health literacy questionnaire of Kharazi, Piman and Esmaeili (2015), the mindfulness questionnaire of Chadwick, Hember, Sims, Peters, Kupers et al. 2013) and the health-oriented lifestyle questionnaire of Walker and Hale-Polersky (1997) were obtained, and the variables were defined and information was entered using SPSS24 and AMOS statistical software, and it was analyzed using the statistical methods of path analysis and structural modeling.

The results show that the structural relationship of pregnant women's self-care behaviors based on health literacy and mindfulness is suitable with the mediation of health-oriented lifestyle. In the final research model, the relationship between variables of self-care behaviors of pregnant women based on health literacy (β=0.50, P<0.001) and mindfulness (β=0.47, P<0.001) with the mediation of health-oriented lifestyle It was positive and meaningful.

It can be concluded that according to the estimated indicators, the structural relationship of self-care behaviors of pregnant women based on health literacy and mindfulness with the mediation of health-oriented lifestyle has a good fit.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of people suffering from psychological disorders has increased all over the world.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of mental health and resilience with posttraumatic growth (PTG) through mediating of defensive styles in the COVID-19 survivors.

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The research population included all COVID-19 recovered patients in Gorgan, Iran. Using convenience sampling method, 300 patients who recovered from COVID-19 were selected. The research instruments included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, and Defense Style Questionnaire. The participants were given questionnaires online.

The results of SEM suggested that the proposed model fits the data. The direct paths from PTG, mental health, and resilience to the developed defensive styles were positive and significant (P<0.01). In addition, the relationship between mental health and resilience with PTG was positive and significant (P<0.01). The relationship between PTG, mental health, and resilience with the immature and neurotic defensive styles was negative and significant (P<0.01).

The findings revealed that mental health, resilience, and developed defensive styles had a tremendous impact on the increase of PTG in COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, they can be used to reduce the psychological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Working in a hospital involves a lot of long-term stress, which affects people who work in helping professions and are immersed in others’ problems. The present study aimed to determine the relationships between psychological capital, mental health, and health anxiety with psychological vulnerability through the mediating role of emotional processing and perceived social support in nurses working in COVID-19 wards in Shiraz City, Iran, in 2021.

This research is a correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample size included 200 nurses from the COVID-19 unit of hospitals in Shiraz. The samples were selected through multistage random sampling. Accordingly, five hospitals in Shiraz were selected randomly, and then, 200 nurses were selected from their COVID-19 unit. The research instruments included the psychological vulnerability scale, the general health questionnaire-28, the psychological capital questionnaire, the health anxiety questionnaire, the emotional processing scale, and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support. The data were analyzed in AMOS-25 using SEM and Pearson correlation coefficient.

The SEM showed that the proposed model fitted the data well. The direct paths from perceived social support, psychological capital, emotional processing, and mental health to psychological vulnerability were negative and significant (P<0.01). The relationships of health anxiety with psychological vulnerability and perceived social support, emotional processing with mental health, and psychological capital with perceived social support were all positive and significant (P<0.01). There was no significant direct relationship between health anxiety and perceived social support and between psychological capital and emotional processing.

Psychological capital and emotional processing played effective roles in reducing nurses’ psychological vulnerability and could thus be used to mitigate psychological damages caused by working during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and therapy based on acceptance and commitment on the sexual schema of women after breast cancer surgery.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all breast cancer patients referred to Tajrish Martyrs Hospital clinic in 2019. 120 people were selected as a statistical sample with the available sampling method (voluntarily) and were replaced in three groups of 40 people, and in two groups, experiment 1 (schema therapy), experiment 2 (therapy based on acceptance and commitment) and a control group randomly replaced. First, all three groups were measured with Rogers' self-concept questionnaires (1957), Siranoski and Andersen's sexual schemas (1994) and Pittsburgh sleep quality, then experimental group 1, 9 sessions of 90-minute schema therapy by Yang et al. (2003) and the group Experiment 2 received eight 90-minute sessions of therapy based on acceptance and commitment based on the theory of Hayes et al. (1999) and the control group did not receive any training. They were repeatedly tested.

The results of repeated measurement variance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental schema therapy groups and the group based on acceptance and commitment with the control group (f=32.070 and p<0.001), but between the schema score There is no significant difference between the sexual schema therapy group and the therapy based on acceptance and commitment, and both treatments were effective in improving sexually incompatible schemas, and the effect of both was stable over time.

Post-traumatic growth refers to the positive psychological changes experienced after an incident. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is seen as a traumatic incident that impacts many aspects of a person's life. The present study aimed to investigate the association between perceived social support and mental health with the post-traumatic growth model through the mediating role of coping strategies in COVID-19 recovered patients.

This study was conducted using a path analysis method from the correlation matrix. The research population included all COVID-19 recovered patients in Golestan Province. Using the convenience sampling method, 300 patients who recovered from COVID-19 were selected. The research instruments included the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, the General Health Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. The data was analyzed through structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS software version 25.

The findings revealed that the suggested model fit the data. The relationship between post-traumatic growth, perceived social support, and mental health with problem-focused coping strategies were positive and significant (P<0.01). The relations between mental health and perceived social support with post-traumatic growth were positive and significant. Post-traumatic growth and perceived social support had a negative and significant relationship with emotion-focused strategies (P<0.01). Furthermore, the relationship between mental health and emotion-focused strategies was not significant.

Mental health, perceived social support, and problem-focused strategies play an essential role in COVID-19 patients' post-traumatic growth. As a result, they might be helpful in minimizing the psychological impact of COVID-19.

Nurses working in COVID -19 units during the pandemic are more likely to be psychologically vulnerable. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological vulnerability and psychological capital and health anxiety through the mediating role of emotional processing in nurses working in the COVID- 19 units during the pandemic.

This is a cross-sectional, correlational study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was all nurses working in the COVID-19 units of Shiraz City, Iran in 2021. Five hospitals in Shiraz were randomly selected and then, 200 nurses were selected from their COVID-19 units through multistage random sampling. The data were collected by Symptom CheckList-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ), the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI), and the Emotional Processing Scale (EPS), and analyzed by AMOS-25 using SEM and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The results of the SEM suggested that the proposed model fits the data. The results showed a direct relationship between health anxiety and psychological vulnerability (β=0.49; P=0.011). Moreover, there was a negative relationship between psychological capital and psychological vulnerability (β=-0.53; P=0.002), emotional processing and psychological vulnerability (β=-0.67; P=0.031), and health anxiety and emotional processing (β=-0.48; P=0.001). The direct path of psychological capital and emotional processing was not confirmed and eliminated from the final model. According to the results, there was a significant indirect path from health anxiety to psychological vulnerability through the mediating role of emotional processing (P=0.001). 

Psychological capital and emotional processing could reduce the psychological disturbances caused by working in COVID-19 during the pandemic. Therefore, increasing nurses’ psychological capital and improving their emotional processing skills are suggested.

Considering the role and importance of mothers in caring of children with autism spectrum disorder, the present research was conducted with the aim of comparison the effectiveness of autism integrated treatment program and multiple special skills training on self-concept in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder.

This study was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up with control group. The population research was mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder of Tehran city in 2019 year, which 45 people of them were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in three equal groups. The first experimental group received the autism integrated treatment program with family and the second experimental group received the multiple special skills training for 9 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group did not receive training. The research tool was the self-concept scale (Beck & et al, 1990) and data were analyzed by methods of repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-22 software.

The findings showed that both methods of autism integrated treatment program and multiple special skills training in compared to the control group increased the self-concept of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and the results were maintained in the follow-up phase (p < 0.05). In addition, the autism integrated treatment program with family in compared to the multiple special skills training increased their self-concept (P˂0.05).

This study investigated the structural pattern of life satisfaction based on psychological capital, stress coping skills and communication patterns with the mediating role of self- differentiation. The correlation research design was through structural equation modeling and the statistical population included married women in Tehran in 2022. The sample size of 798 people was selected by cluster random sampling method. The research tools are questioners of Diener's life satisfaction (2005), Luthans' shortened scale of psychological capitals (2007), Billings and Moss's coping skills (1981), Christens and Salawi's shortened scale of communication patterns (1984),  Drake self- differentiation Drake (2011). In order to analyze the data, SPSS-V24 and Smart PLS software were used. The results showed that the model has a good fit. Psychological capital, stress coping skills and communication patterns were able to directly predict life satisfaction and indirectly through the mediation of self- differentiation. Therefore, by using the necessary trainings, it is possible to increase the level of self- differentiation, psychological capital, coping skills and communication patterns between married women, can increase the level of life satisfaction in married women

In every educational system, the degree of motivation and academic progress of students is one of the indicators of success in scientific activities. The aim of the present study was to model the mediating role of anxiety caused by Covid-19 in the relationship between identity styles and students' motivation to progress.

The research design was correlational. The statistical population included all female students of the second year of high school in the 3rd district of Tehran in 2022. The participants were 330 students who were selected by cluster random sampling method. All of them responded to the Hermans (1977) Achievement Motivation Questionnaire, Brozensky's Identity Styles (1989), and Alipour et al.'s Covid-19 Anxiety (2021). Data were analyzed with SPSS24 and Smart PLS 4 software and with structural equation modeling.

The results showed that progress motivation had a positive and significant relationship with the variables of informational, normative and commitment identity style (P<0.01). Progress motivation showed a negative and significant relationship with the variables of avoidant identity style (P<0.01) and Covid-19 physical anxiety (P<0.05). Avoidant identity style showed a positive and significant relationship with mental anxiety of Covid-19 (P<0.05). No significant relationship was observed between informational, normative and commitment identity styles and physical and mental anxiety of Covid-19. Covid-19 anxiety did not play a mediating role between identity styles and achievement motivation.

It can be concluded that the model of mediating the role of anxiety caused by Covid-19 in the relationship between identity styles and students' motivation to progress was not confirmed. Pay attention to the components of developing commitment, informational and normative identity styles in developing motivation for progress.

The statistical population of this study included all married people who referred to the psychological clinics of Tehran's District 2 in the period from February 2016 to July 2017, which is at least one year after their married life. In order to sample 300 people from the mentioned communitywere randomly selected by voluntary sampling method. marital conflict questionnaire (MCQ), personality traits inventory (NEO), and Toronto's Emotional Disappointment (TAS_20) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed using statistical method of structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS_22 software. The results showed that the fit indices have desirable values ​​and the data of this study have a good fit with the research model and also personality traits are related to the mediating role of alexithymia with marital conflicts. It can be cocluded that, that personality traits have a significant effect on alexithymia, which in turn can cause marital conflict and with the necessary training can reduce marital conflict as much as possible.