abdollah omidi

The relationship between neurometabolic changes after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and psychological disorders is not well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the relationship between the neurometabolic state of the brain and cognitive tests in mTBI patients and healthy individuals. This cohort study included 21 mTBI patients (exposed group) and 21 individuals without trauma (non-exposed group).The demographic and trauma information of patients including age, sex, the mechanism of trauma and the GCS score were recorded. Then, the psychological status of the two groups were evaluated by Wechsler, Stroop, and Wisconsin test. Moreover, the levels of neurometabolites were measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The amount of brain metabolites (NAA, choline, creatine, Chol/Cr ratio and NAA/Cr ratio) in the white matter of bilateral frontal lobe in the two exposer and non-exposer groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). Additionally, there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the correct answers of the Wisconsin test (p=0.027), and the time to complete the Stroop test (p=0.009). No significant difference was observed in the Wechsler memory test score between the two groups (p>0.05). Mild TBI does not lead to changes in brain metabolites in the acute phase after trauma. However, the scores of psychological tests of Stroop and Wisconsin in mTBI patients had a statistically significant difference with healthy individual.

This study aims to investigate the role of religious orientation in relation to pornography use. This research was a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study conducted among students at Kashan University of Medical Sciences during the 2022-2023 academic year. A total of 201 participants from various faculties were selected through a cluster sampling method. Each participant completed the Allport Religious Orientation Questionnaire and the Problematic Pornography Use Scale (PPCS). A total of 201 students participated in this study, comprising 125 (62.2%) males and 76 (37.8%) females. All participants reported having access to the internet, with 67.7% using it for 2 to 5 hours per day. The results indicated that 88.4% of the students reported watching pornography, with 11.9% exhibiting problematic viewing behaviors. Additionally, the findings revealed a significant negative correlation between pornography viewing and internal religious orientation among students (r=-0.155, p=0.028). However, no significant relationship was found between pornography viewing and external religious orientation (r=-0.043, p=0.543). Given the relatively high rate of pornography use among students, possessing internal religious beliefs may play a role in reducing pornography use.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotional regulation, psychological flexibility, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children of veterans with PSTD.

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test/post-test/follow-up design. Participants were 70 children of veterans with PTSD (boys and girls) aged 15-19 years, who were selected using simple random sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 35 including ACT and control. Before, immediately after, and 12 months after the intervention, people were measured using the acceptance and action questionnaire-II, difficulty in emotional regulation scale, and the PTSD checklist for DSM-5. The intervention group received group ACT at 8 sessions of 60-90 minutes. For the control group, life skills education was presented at 7 sessions of 60-90 minutes. Finally, the data was analyzed using SPSS software, version 22.

The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant difference in difficulty in emotional regulation, psychological flexibility and PTSD symptoms in the post-test and follow-up phases in two groups (P<0.01). Moreover, the two ACT and control groups were significantly different in the hyperarousal symptom of PTSD at follow-up phase, but there was no significant difference in two symptoms of re-experiencing trauma and negative alterations in mood/avoidance (P>0.05).

The ACT can improve emotional regulation skills and psychological flexibility and reduce PTSD symptoms in children of veterans with PTSD. Therefore, this method can be used in counseling and mental health centers to improve these children’s symptoms.

Breast cancer ranks as the most common cancer among women globally, with over 6% of deaths annually attributed to this disease. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) alters existing emotional patterns, empowering individuals to enhance their self-care and support. It diminishes self-criticism and emotional issues while fostering self-acceptance, thereby improving individuals’ ability to handle their own well-being and interpersonal relationships more effectively in difficult circumstances like breast cancer.

This study aimed to examine the impact of group CFT on body image and interpersonal stress among women with breast cancer. It sought to assess the average scores for body image and interpersonal stress, along with their respective subscales, within the CFT and control groups before, after the intervention, and during the follow-up phase.

The study included 44 women diagnosed with breast cancer, referred to hospitals in Kashan, Iran, in 2022. With informed consent obtained, participants were randomly allocated to the CFT group (n = 22) or the control group (n = 22). They completed the Body Image Scale (BIS) and the Interpersonal Stress Scale (ISS) before treatment, after treatment, and at a 2-month follow-up.

The findings indicated no significant differences in demographic variables (such as age, marital status, employment status, number of children, and education level) between the two groups. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis demonstrated that CFT significantly improved body image and reduced interpersonal stress among women with breast cancer.

Compassion-focused therapy proves to be a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for women with breast cancer. Further studies are necessary to comprehensively explore the benefits of CFT for breast cancer patients and its integration into conventional care practices.

Infertility encompasses complex medical, psychological, social, and cultural challenges, significantly impacting those affected. The process of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) often adds considerable stress. This study investigated the effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on the psychological health, quality of life, and marital satisfaction in infertile women undergoing IVF. This randomized controlled trial employed a consecutive sampling to include 44 women with infertility, undergoing IVF from September 2021 to February 2023. Participants were allocated into intervention and control groups, 22 each, through block randomization. The intervention group participated in an 8-week MBSR program, while the control group received education on parenting styles across four sessions. Assessment tools comprised the Brief Symptom Inventory, the brief World Health Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after the intervention, and two months after the intervention. Data analysis utilized the chi-square, t-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance. The mean baseline psychological symptoms, quality of life, and marital satisfaction scores did not significantly differ between the two groups. The mean baseline score for psychological symptoms in the MBSR group was 109.36±19.52, which decreased to 77.82±19.89 and 58.82±9.26 immediately after and two months after the intervention (P<0.001). The mean baseline quality of life score in the MBRS group was 47.39±3.43 which increased to 54.70±3.90 and 59.71±3.57 in consecutive measurements (P<0.001). The mean score for marital satisfaction in the MBRS group was 123.59±19.44 and increased to 143.45±18.41 and 158±12.44 over time (P<0.001). In the control group, the mean psychological symptoms increased over time, but the quality of life and marital satisfaction did not change significantly. MBSR could significantly reduce psychological distress and enhance both the quality of life and marital satisfaction in infertile women undergoing IVF.

 Stress and anxiety are psychosocial factors that can have potential effects on oral health. In addition to concerns about physical health, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to psychological disorders (including stress) in the general population. Moreover, life has not returned to normal in most parts of the world. Therefore, physicians and specialists should pay special attention to the psychological effects of COVID-19 on the onset and exacerbation of oral diseases.

 A search was performed (last update in June 2021) in the Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The related keywords were bruxism, morsicatio, myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (MPDS), temporomandibular (TMD) disorder, burning mouth syndrome (BMS), xerostomia, recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), lip herpes, and oral lichen planus. Of the 510 papers found, about 206 were related to the subject, which were further analyzed. All study types, except case reports and case series, were included in the review.

 The current article reviewed stress-related disorders with clinical manifestations related to the oral cavity and maxillofacial disorders that have been significantly increasing during the COVID-19 pandemic. These disorders are bruxism, morsicatio, MPDS, TMD disorders, BMS, xerostomia, RAS, recurrent lip herpes, and oral lichen planus. The clinical manifestation and management of each disorder are presented in this article.

 It can be concluded that various causes and conditions play a role in the pathology, disease course, prognosis, treatment, and recurrence rate of oral diseases., In addition to examining the psychological background of treatment in the diagnosis and treatment stages, a variety of psychotherapy methods can be used to increase the effectiveness of medical treatments. The stress caused by COVID-19 in psychologically and medically susceptible people can intensify the pathology of these diseases in all its dimensions, and therefore, special attention should be paid to this aspect in the care and treatment of patients.

Today, global attention has been directed towards differences in the health of different Socioeconomy of society (SES) groups. Trauma is one of the categories where SES determinants are not well understood, especially in developing countries. This study aims to determine the annual incidence of traumabased on SES in people over 15 years old in Kashan.

This was a population-based cross-sectional studyusing a household survey .Data were collected through stratified-cluster sampling during 2018- 2019 for over 15-year in Kashan. The researchers conducted univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate trauma during and the past year rgarding SES of individuals using Principal Components Analysis (PCA).

The incidence of trauma was 70.6 (62. 6-78. 7) in 1000 annually, the risk of trauma in low SES was 1.06 (0.82-1.38), in moderate SES , 0.87 (0.69-1.10), and in high SES, it was 1.13 (0.84-1.52). Among different SES groups, mechanisms of injury were different (P-value = 0.09); also, the annual incidence of trauma in different SES groups was different based on the place of trauma (P-value = 0.02), the number of injuries (P-value = 0.00), treatment (P-value = 0.02), and the time to return to work (P-value = 0.00).

Annual incidence of trauma in different SES groups was different based on the place of trauma, the number of injuries, treatment, and time to return to work. The relationship between SES status and incidence of trauma is important to provide preventive services.

Correction to: Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Management Therapy on Emotion Regulation, Anxiety, Depression, and Food Addiction in Obese People: A Randomized Clinical Trial


Hanieh Kebriti1, Zahra Zanjani2, Abdollah Omidi3, Mansor Sayyah4

1 MSc in Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
Corresponding Author: Zahra Zanjani - Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.  
(E-mail: z_zanjani2005@yahoo.com)
In the article published in volume 33, issue 224, 2023, the name of corresponding author is changed from Hanieh Kebriti to Zahra Zanjani.

It has been nearly a century since human society has been determined to find a fundamental solution to the problem of drug addiction, as one of the fundamental problems of human life. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual and mental health and the tendency to addiction in the student population of Kashan.

In this Analytical cross-sectional research, the statistical population included the 600 participants of students aged 18 to 35 in Kashan city, and Simple Random Sampling was done from universities of medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, and Kashan University in 2018-2019. The students completed questionnaires about spiritual health, mental health, and the tendency to use drugs, and the results obtained after collecting and recording were analyzed by statistical tests using SPSS version 26 software.

The average scores of the students in terms of mental health, spiritual health, spiritual health from the perspective of Islam, and readiness for addiction were 1.01 ± 0.70, 75.10 ± 20.83, 86.43 ± 21.26 and 30.95 ± 20.34, respectively. Spiritual health, spiritual health from the perspective of Islam, and readiness for addiction were related to the age (P < 0.05), gender, educational level (P < 0.05), and marriage (P < 0.001) of the students.

Considering the positive and significant role of spiritual health in mental health, strengthening the spiritual dimension can improve mental health, reduce mental disorders, reduce the desire to use drugs, and continue the course of addiction treatment.

Many obese people have different psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, emotional regulation problems, etc., food addiction is also another psychological problem associated with obesity. In this research, for the first time, we investigated the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) treatment on anxiety, depression, difficulty in emotional regulation, and food addiction in obese people.

In this clinical trial, 40 obese women were selected from urban health centers in Kashan, 2018. They were recruited using purposive convenience sampling. They were then randomly divided into an intervention group (MBSR, n=20) or a control group (educational session without any treatment, n=20). The MBSR was implemented according to the Kabat Ziin protocol during weekly sessions of 90-minute for eight weeks. The participants were evaluated at pre-test, post-test and three-month follow-up using the anxiety, stress, depression scale (DASS-21), difficulty in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and the Yale food addiction scale (YFAS). Data analysis was performed applying repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS16.

The intervention group was found with a significant reduction in the levels of anxiety (P<0.01), depression (P<0.000), difficulty in emotional regulation (P=0.02), and severity of food addiction (P=0.003) compared to the control group at post-test. At follow-up, we observed significant reduction in the levels of anxiety, depression, and food addiction (P=0.003), but emotion regulation did not show a significant reduction compared to the control group (P>0.05).

Mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment could be considered as a part of comprehensive medical care for obese people.

Various research studies have investigated the relationship between anxiety and worry. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation and mindfulness in the relationship between anxiety and worry.

The present study follows a correlational design study. The research sample included 248 students of Kashan universities in Iran studying in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study data were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Pennsylvania state worry questionnaire (PSWQ), the Persian short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P-short form), and five-factor mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ). Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS v. 22 and AMOS v. 22 software.

The Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.KAUMS.REC.1396.36).

The results showed a significant relationship between generalized anxiety and worry, worry and cognitive emotion regulation, worry and mindfulness, generalized anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation, and anxiety and mindfulness. The results of the structural equation modeling confirmed the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between anxiety and worry. Also, the path coefficient of mindfulness and anxiety was removed from the model because it was not significant.

Generally, cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and worry. These findings seem applicable in the individual, family, educational, therapeutic, and interpersonal mental health fields.

Washing/pollution obsession is one of the most common types of obsessive-compulsive disorders in the world. When faced with certain situations, people with this disorder are more prone to experience disgust and have more trouble in resisting their negative emotions, and in obsessive situations, they act with lower awareness and a more judgmental view. The purpose of this research was to compare the disgust propensity sensitivity, emotion regulation and mindfulness in people with and without washing/pollution obsessions. For this purpose, during a comparative study, 30 people with washing/pollution obsession and 30 people without washing/pollution obsession were selected by convenience sampling method and evaluated in terms of disgust propensity sensitivity, mindfulness and emotion regulation. The results of statistical analysis showed that people with washing/pollution obsessive compulsive disorder experience more disgust propensity sensitivity and have less mindfulness skills. The findings of this research indicate the importance of emotional and cognitive functions of these people in their more effective functioning.

Ulcerative Colitis is a type of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases that depression is one of the most common psychological disorders in these patients. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics associated with the disease including the severity and complications of the disease and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with ulcerative colitis with and without depressive symptoms. In this case-control study, 272 patients with ulcerative colitis were selected by purposive sampling and based on the scores of Beck-2 Depression Inventory, they were assigned into two groups of  patients with depressive symptoms and patients without depressive symptoms. Our tools include demographic questionnaire, Simple Clinical Colits Activity Index, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results revealed that UC patients with depressive symptoms experience more severe symptoms of UC and more complications related to this disease, including perianal problems than UC patients without depressive symptoms. There was also a significant difference between the two groups in all aspects of cognitive strategies for emotion regulation. According to the results, it can be said that depression and cognitive emotion regulation strategies are among the components related to physical symptoms and mental health of patients with ulcerative colitis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the main causes of disability. Since individuals with TBI experience many problems in their daily life, they must be highly supported. Regarding the nature of their problems, their caregivers suffer from many psychological problems. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the family function, experiential avoidance, and anxiety of the TBI patients’ caregivers.

The current study was a randomized clinical trial with waiting list and intervention groups. Forty caregivers of TBI patients who referred to Kashan’s Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Iran, since 2017 until 2019 were randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 20) and the waiting list control (n = 20) groups. Both the groups completed a demographic information questionnaire, the Family Assessment Device, the Experiential Avoidance in Caregiving Questionnaire, and the anxiety subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale in pretest, posttest, 3‑month follow‑up, and 6‑month follow‑up.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that ACT program can significantly decrease the anxiety, experiential avoidance, and most of the dimensions of the family functions (P < 0.005).

ACT could be utilized to improve the family functions and reduce the experiential avoidance and the anxiety of the TBI patients’ caregivers. This trial is registered with the Registry of Clinical Trials: “IRCT20190704044100N1.”

Various research studies have investigated the relationship between anxiety and worry. The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation and mindfulness in the relationship between anxiety and worry.

The present study follows a correlational design study. The research sample included 248 students of Kashan universities in Iran studying in the 2017-2018 academic year. The study data were collected using the generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Pennsylvania state worry questionnaire (PSWQ), the Persian short form of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P-short form), and five-factor mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ). Then, the obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS v. 22 and AMOS v. 22 software.

The Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Code: IR.KAUMS.REC.1396.36).

The results showed a significant relationship between generalized anxiety and worry, worry and cognitive emotion regulation, worry and mindfulness, generalized anxiety and cognitive emotion regulation, and anxiety and mindfulness. The results of the structural equation modeling confirmed the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between anxiety and worry. Also, the path coefficient of mindfulness and anxiety was removed from the model because it was not significant.

Generally, cognitive emotion regulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety and worry. These findings seem applicable in the individual, family, educational, therapeutic, and interpersonal mental health fields.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the fourth most prevalent psychological disease that not only disrupts the different live domains of the affected individuals but also negatively influences their spouses and children. The present study investigates the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on emotional irritability and numbness in the children of veterans suffering from war-induced PSTD.

The design of the present study is a randomized controlled clinical trial with pretest and posttest. Participants were selected by simple random sampling from the children of veterans with war-induced PTSD. According to the inclusion criteria, 70 girls and boys with an age range of 15-19 years were selected and randomly assigned into two 35-person groups, including the experimental group (Acceptance and commitment therapy, ACT) and the control group (training life skills for adolescents). Before and after the intervention, the participants filled out the questionnaire of Crick et al. and the emotional numbness subscale of the post-traumatic stress disorder checklist (PCL). The experimental group received ACT for 8, 60-90-minute sessions, and the control group was provided with 7, 60-90-minute sessions on life skill protocols for adolescents. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by the SPSS 22 software.

The results showed that the irritability averages of both groups were significantly different in the posttest (P<0.01). Furthermore, the ANCOVA results revealed that the posttest scores of both groups were not significantly different in the emotional numbness variable (P>0.05).

The findings of this study displayed that ACT reduced irritability in the children of veterans suffering from PTSD. Thus, this therapeutic method can be employed in mental health and counseling centers for improving the symptoms of these children.

Today, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among people all across the world is Injury. Injuries pose an important challenge for the health system and account for 28% of the deaths per day in Iran. Iran is in the 5th place for road traffic death rates globally. This was a cross sectional study aimed to estimate annual incidence rates of injury in individuals above 15 in Kashan, Iran. In this population-based cross-sectional study, people above 15 years in households residing in Kashan during 2018-2019 were studied The sample had a twofold design, Stratified Cluster Sampling method and network Scale-up method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 (Chi-square and T-test and Logistic regression analysis) and Stata 14 software. This study describes the study setting, sampling, data collection and management, quality control and assurance, and the statistical analysis. In this study, the annual incidence rate from all kinds of trauma  was estimated at 70.61(62.60-78.70) per 1000 person-years, and the death caused by injury was 4.63(34.32-56.12) per 1000 person-years. In addition, in network scale-up method incidence rate of all kinds of trauma was 57.1 and the death caused by trauma was 3.47 per 1000 person-years. population-based studies were used to evaluate injuries and outcomes of trauma, so that  managers realize where attention is needed regarding preventive programs in this city. Using indirect sampling techniques can be cost-effective and time-consuming, and can provide us with the information urgently needed.

Numerous studies have focused on the regulation of emotion and psychological resilience among adolescents, but there is a research gap on the regulation of emotion and psychological resilience among adolescents with internalized behavioral disorders and normal adolescents. This study aimed to compare emotion regulation and psychological flexibility in female adolescents with internalized behavioral disorders and normal female adolescents.

In this cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of two groups of 70 female students with internalized behavioral disorders and 70 normal female students from schools in Yazd who were purposefully selected. Research instruments included Behavioral Inventory Questionnaire (CBCL), Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (AFQ-Y8) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ-CA). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and independent t-test.

According to the findings, the mean of reassessment, repression and psychological resilience in adolescents with internalized behavioral disorders were 20.88, 14.38, 16.55, respectively, and those without the disorder were 6.78, 19.25, 9.25, and 6.22. The results also showed that the variables of repression (t=-6.13) and psychological resilience (t=-10.61) were significantly different between the two groups with internalized behavioral disorders and normal individuals (P<0.001). But there was no significant difference between the two groups in re-evaluation.

It is seems that adolescents with internalized behavioral disorders to avoid accepting and managing their emotion properly by suppressing them compared to normal people. Therefore, promoting psychological flexibility can affect their ability to cope and manage their emotions.

Psychiatric comorbidity studies on substance use disorder (SUD) show that it is associated with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). While a large amount of medical literature has explored the association between ADHD and SUDs, less attention has been dedicated their relationships and general psychopathology in dual disorder patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare emotion regulation and consumption temptation among SUD patients with ADHD symptoms and those without it.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study. The sample consisted of 36 people with co-morbid substance abuse with ADHD symptoms and 35 patients with substance abuse disorder who were purposefully selected. Research tools included Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-V), Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale (DERS), and Beck Temptation Questionnaire (CBQ). Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 26 using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.

The results showed that the mean scores of temptation was significantly higher in people with comorbid SUD with ADHD symptoms (P<0.001). The results of Mann-Whitney test showed that the mean scores of emotion regulation in people with comorbid SUD with ADHD symptoms were higher (P<0.001).

Considering that the temptation to consume and regulate emotion in people with comorbid substance abuse disorder with ADHD symptoms is much higher than those suffering from SUD alone, it seems that the role of comorbid disorders in the mentioned population is of considerable importance.

Trauma is the first leading cause of death and disability in the active population in developing countries. In Iran, traumatic injuries are the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease and also the leading cause of years of life lost (YLL). Population-based surveys can estimate all types of injuries. This study aimed to estimate the annual incidence of nonfatal injuries in adults older than 15 years in Kashan.

In a cross-sectional population-based study, people older than 15 years who were living in Kashan during 2018-2019 were studied. A cluster stratified sampling method was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 software. Chi-square and  t tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Significance level was set as P ≤ .05 and confidence interval (CI) at 95%.

In this study, which included 3880 households residing in Kashan during 2018-2019, the incidence of all injuries was estimated to be 70.61(62.60-78.70) per 1000 people in 1 year. For traffic accidents, the incidence was estimated at 36.08 (30.20-42.00) per 1000 in 1 year. Also, 231 (77.7%) of people with trauma were male, 137 (50.0%) aged 20 to 39 years, and 191 (69.7) were married. The most common cause of injuries (n = 140; 51.1%) was related to traffic accidents, and among the traffic accidents, the highest cause was motorcycle accident (n = 99; 70.71%).

The results of this study showed that the highest rate of injuries occurred among men, younger ages, married, and those with primary education. Also, the results showed the most common causes of trauma were injured hand and foot and head, and the most common location in which trauma occurred was street. The findings of this study are important to better explain the epidemiology aspects of injuries in Kashan.

 The COVID-19 pandemic has had adverse psychological, social, and economic consequences around the world. Nurses and physicians have been more negatively affected by this pandemic as compared to other occupational groups.

 The present survey aimed to investigate the job burnout and mental health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between mental health and job burnout.

 This cross-sectional study was carried out in two public hospitals of Kashan, Iran from March 2020 until the end of June 2020. A total of 108 nurses participated in this study. The assessment tools included the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), nurses’ job Burnout Questionnaire, and Resilience Scale. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to evaluate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between job burnout and mental health.

 The results showed that 61.1% of the participants had mild to severe mental health problems, while 13% reported no job burnout. In terms of resilience, most participants (88.9%) reported moderate resilience. Based on the results, resilience partially mediated the effect of mental health problems on job burnout. The present findings highlighted the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between job burnout and mental health problems among nurses.

 The present findings suggested that evaluation of resilience resources and traits might be helpful in predicting individuals at risk of psychological problems and job burnout.

Various interventional studies have been conducted by the aim of improving mental health among divorced female heads of household, but no research has been conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-existential therapy and compassion-focused therapy on psychological wellbeing of divorced female heads of household.

The present research was conducted by the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-existential therapy and compassion-focused therapy on psychological wellbeing of divorced female heads of household.

The current study was conducted by semi-experimental method in which a pretest-posttest-follow up with control group design was used. The research population included all divorced women who were heads of household who were members of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in the 19th district of Tehran, Iran. The study sample included 36 women who were selected by purposeful sampling method and, then, were assigned into two experiment groups and one control group (12 individuals per group) through random assignment method. The research tool was Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale (1989). For the first experiment group, the cognitive-existential therapy (Kissane, 2004, 2009), and for the second experiment group, the compassion focused therapy (Gilbert, 2009, 2014) were delivered in groups and in eight 120-minute sessions, but the control group received no intervention. The variance analysis test with repeated measures and the Bonferroni ad hoc test were used to analyze the data.

The results indicated that the cognitive-existential therapy and the compassion-focused therapy led to improvements in psychological wellbeing and all its components (acceptance of self, positive relations with others, self-autonomy, purposeful life, personal growth, environmental mastery) at the end of the intervention stage and in the follow-up stage. Moreover, the cognitive-existential therapy showed greater effectiveness on increasing psychological wellbeing and its components (p< 0/01) compared to the compassion-focused therapy.

According to the obtained results, psychologists and counselors are recommended to employ these two therapeutic approaches for reducing psychological problems among divorced women who are heads of household.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a prevalent health issue with serious social and personal consequences.SUDs are linked to numerous physical health problems. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders-5th Edition (DSM-V), the essential characteristic of a SUD is a collection of cognitive, behavioral,and psychological manifestations indicative of the subject’s unbaiting substance use despite experiencingsignificant problems due to continued use. Several alternative interventions have been indicated. Amongthem, mindfulness-based therapies are receiving growing attention. This article reviews evidence for the useof third-wave cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) in addiction treatment. We have reviewed the literaturepublished from 1990 to 2019. Further research is required to better understand the types of mindfulnessbased interventions that work best for specific types of addiction, patients, and situations. Current findingsincreasingly support third-wave CBTs as a promising complementary therapy for the treatment andprevention of addiction

Brain injury and depression negatively affects quality of life (QoL). In contrast, psychological flexibility (PF) has a positive impact on depression and QoL. This study aimed to explain the mediating role of PF in the relationship between depression after brain injury and QoL.

This descriptive study was conducted in 2018 at Kargarnejad hospital in Kashan. Seventy patients with major depressive disorder were selected by randomized sampling method among the brain injury patients in Beheshti Hospital. They completed Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Data analysis was performed using Pearson Correlation and Hierarchical Multiple Regression.

Pearson correlation matrix revealed a significant relationship between each pair of variables (Ps<0.001) and Hierarchical Multiple Regression showed that PF and depression predict the QoL. Also, the result showed PF partially mediate the relationship between depression severity and QoL in both physical (standardized β = -0.308; t=-2.311; P<0.05) and mental (standardized β=-0.422; t=-3.427; P<0.05) components. Sobel test confirmed the role of the QoL in both physical (Z=2.203; P<0.05) and mental (Z=3.102; P<0.05) components.

In this population, the QoL can be predicted based on the severity of depression and the degree of PF. PF plays a more important role in this regard and by promoting it, the negative effect of depression on QoL can be reduced.