فهرست مطالب adel mazlomi

Work-related musculoskeletal disorder is a multifactorial complication that leads to a loss of work time, inability, and increased economic cost. The aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting the musculoskeletal disorders of tea harvesting workers.

The current descriptive-qualitative research was conducted with directed content analysis where in 14 participating tea pluckers were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. Data were collected by semi-structured interview method and were then analyzed in MAXQDA12 software. In this study, Carayon’s SEIPS model was used as a predetermined framework for the macroergonomics approach.

The numbers of 214 primary codes, 56 important codes, 17 subcategories, and 5 main categories (i.e., individual, task-related, tools and technologies, environment-related factors and organizational) were obtained as the effective factors in musculoskeletal disorders among tea harvesting workers in the results of continuous analysis. Important codes extracted from the interview in the individual category including (age, gender, previous work experience in tea plucking, feeling very tired, etc.), task-related category (improper posture, exerting force on trunk and hand, etc.), the category of tools and equipment (the long length of the bag attached to the hand tool for picking tea, etc.), the category related to environmental factors (surfaces uphill and downhill), the height of the tea plant (short and tall), the type of tea harvesting area (plains and mountains, etc.) and organizational category (lack of sufficient training on the correct way of doing work, lack of support and support from the employer and threat of dismissal (lack of job security) and...).

Considering that agricultural jobs (especially tea harvesting) have diversity in the nature of tasks compared to industrial tasks, among the different factors on musculoskeletal disorders in this job, it can be attributed to the greater activity of women in this job due to the need for High physical activity, manual handling of tea bags (60 to 80 kg), using traditional hand tools, humidity and temperature of the working environment (working outdoors in the summer season and under rain), working environment (height of the tea plant, limited access to all tea plant space), the uneven surface of the ground during activity, applying force on the hand (crossing movements of hand tools while working), not establishing a shift work system and working hours over 12 hours. In order to prevent these disorders, a multi-faceted approach of actions from these factors is needed, which can be ergonomic redesign of tea growers' work tools, improvement of tea plants and work space, training of ergonomic principles of body posture and load handling, creating insurance coverage and Other related cases were mentioned in this study.

low back pain is one of the prevalent musculoskeletal disorders among working population including office workers. In this regard, various factors are important for low back pain reduction and return to work. The aim of this study was to investigate factors influencing return to work among employees with low back pain.
Methods and Materials: About 303 administrative employees participated in this study from an oil company located in southern part of Iran. The study variables were a 4-part questionnaire including demographic, job related variables and information about low back pain and the interventions implemented for return work.

The majority of participants were male 35-47 years old, bachelor degreed,. with 9-25 years job tenure. Most of the employees had medium to high mental, physical, and temporal demands. From 303 participants, about 85(28/1) had low back pain. The main cause of low back pain was mostly muscular spasm (52/9) and the physiotherapy was the most treatment method (51/8). About 91% of participants had  individual intervention like changing the life style. About 88/2 of them had job interventions as body posture correction. Furthermore, 62/4 had organizational interventions as teamwork development. The age, physical activity, and the type of treatment showed significant relationship with return to work. Also, the individual, occupational, and organizational interventions had a significant relationship with RTW..

The ability to return to work was seen mostly among the individuals with less physical activities in their working practices. Also, physiotherapy played better role in a rapid return to work comparing to other treatments. The individual interventions showed high impact on RTW. The issues such as individual interventions including change in lifestyle as well as doing particular exercises, job interventions including change in working stations, change in physical status during work and organizational interventions including special routine examinations, performing teamwork as well as particular training classes had played great impacts on RTW.

Mental fatigue is a cognitive status with feeling exhausted in mind, lock of energy and Loss of consciousness Associated with malfunction that caused during the cognitive activity. Nurses are most personnel in hospitals with direct responsibility for patient care. Whereas, work condition and other related factors can be influence mental fatigue in them, hence, this study aimed to Investigation of Mental Fatigue, Validity and Reliability its Instrument among nursing in one of the hospital in Kermanshah city

In this cross sectional study, 203 nurses from hospital wards were random studied. Tools for data gathering were demographics questionnaire and Mental Fatigue Scale. Data analysis performed with T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests.

Mean and standard deviation of Mental Fatigue Scale was 13.24±7.21 and 20.7% of nurses have not mental fatigue, 67% of theirs experienced slight mental fatigue, 11.8% fairly serious and 0.5% of participants have reported serious mental fatigue. Reliability coefficient of mental fatigue scale is obtained 0.72 and 0.82 using retest and Cronbach's alpha respectively. There were significant relationship between mental fatigue score with number of shifts per month and shift work.

Most nurses had slight mental fatigue. The questionnaire of mental fatigue scale has a good reliability and validity and can be used in similar studies. It suggested decreasing number of shifts in month to prevent of mental fatigue by increase number of nurses.