afsaneh soltani

The Kuh-e-Esfand copper deposit is located in the southernmost part of the Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt. The Oligocene-Miocene intrusive bodies, ranging from diorite to quartz diorite and granodiorite, are emplaced within the Eocene volcanic complex. Based on the classification of veins- veinlets, the main mineralization stage consists of quartz pyrite chalcopyrite associated with potassic alteration. Based on petrographic studies, fluid inclusions in quartz minerals are categorized into three main groups and seven subgroups: 1- Vapor-rich fluid inclusions comprising single-phase vapor inclusions (V), vapor-rich two-phase inclusions (VL), and vapor-rich inclusions with a opaque phase (VLS), 2- Liquid-rich fluid inclusions including liquid-rich two-phase inclusions (LV) and liquid-rich inclusions with a opaque phase (LVS) and 3- Saline fluid inclusions consisting of simple brine three-phase inclusions (LVH), and multi-phase brine inclusions (LVHS) containing solid phases of halite± hematite± anhydrite± sylvite± chalcopyrite. The multi-phase saline inclusions with high temperature and salinity (358-598°C and 42-70 wt.% NaCl equivalent) of magmatic origin are the primary fluid inclusions forming the deposit. The two-phase liquid-rich inclusions with lower temperature and salinity (290-490°C and 11-20 wt.% NaCl equivalent) of magmatic-meteoric origin are related to the final stages of hydrothermal fluid circulation and mixing with lower salinity fluids. The temperature decrease due to secondary boiling and mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids led to the instability of the chloride complex carrying copper and subsequent mineralization under favorable conditions.

Pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne (PAPA) syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the PSTPIP1/CD2BP1 gene. We systematically reviewed 93 patients with PAPA and PAPA-like syndrome. Most patients were male (65.9%) mainly born to non-consanguineous parents. The median (IQR) age at the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 6.0 (2.0-8.0) and 25.0 (7.0-32.0) years, respectively. 62.5% of patients were presented with arthropathies and septic arthritis was the most common (54.2%) initial diagnosis. Joint disorders were the most common findings (n=71, 78.9%) starting at the median (IQR) age of 4.0 (2.0-8.0) years, mainly in the knee (56.5%), ankle (36.9%), and elbow (47.8%).
Skin involvement (62 (66.7%)) initially presented at a median (IQR) age of 12.0 (20.-10.0) years and included pyoderma gangrenosum (n=41, 44.1%), acne (n=43, 46.2%), and nodulocystic acne (n=19, 20.4%).
There was a stronger association between skin manifestations and the development of the classic triad (P<0.001) compared to joint disorders (P=0.05) and patients with lower age of onset were more prone to the progression of the complete triad (P=0.18). Corticosteroids (n=45, 50.0%) with or without anakinra (33.3%) were the treatments applied in the majority of patients.
PAPA/PAPA-like syndromes involve mainly non-axial joints in early childhood and later skin in the second decade of life. Only 26.4% of the patients manifested the classical triad of PAPA syndrome. There is no clear genotype-phenotype association in these disorders. More studies are required to investigate the therapeutic options in PAPA/PAPA-like syndromes.

Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptor (T2Rs or TAS2Rs) found on ciliated epithelial cells and solitary chemosensory cells have a role in respiratory tract immunity. T2Rs have shown protection against SARS-CoV-2 by enhancing the innate immune response. The purpose of this review is to outline the current sphere of knowledge regarding this association.

A narrative review of the literature was done by searching (T2R38 OR bitter taste receptor) AND (COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2) keywords in PubMed and google scholar.

T2R38, an isoform of T2Rs encoded by the TAS2R38 gene, may have a potential association between phenotypic expression of T2R38 and prognosis of COVID-19. Current studies suggest that due to different genotypes and widespread distributions of T2Rs within the respiratory tract and their role in innate immunity, treatment protocols for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases may change accordingly. Based on the phenotypic expression of T2R38, it varies in innate immunity and host response to respiratory infection, systemic symptoms and hospitalization.

This review reveals that patients’ innate immune response to SARS-COV- 2 could be influenced by T2R38 receptor allelic variations.

This research presents the traditional construction details of flat wood beam ceilings and a typology of such ceilings in Shiraz historical houses, as well as the spaces that each type is used in. In addition to the development of technical knowledge, this study would also contribute to the systematic conservation of historical buildings. Moreover, recognition of wood as a natural material and its harmony with other construction elements and materials in historical buildings, as well as its environmental sustainability is important. This typological research uses a qualitative case study methodology through direct field survey and drawing the details of the ceilings in case houses. The collected data is then compared and analyzed regarding construction details and the spaces where each type is used. The findings show two major types for flat wood beam ceilings in Shiraz historical houses: “exposed” and “dropped” ceilings. The first type has two sub-types: simple ceilings, which are mostly used in corridors and sometimes in rooms; and ceilings in which load-bearing beams boast outstanding decorations and are mainly used in the major mirror halls or the main room of the house. In the second type of ceilings, the underneath coverage can be of gypsum plaster, wooden lattices, or wood lining. The gypsum type is rarely decorated, and therefore is used in corridors. The decorative lattice or lining types are used in the main hall or the seh-dari and panj-dari rooms, and if simple, are used in other rooms of the house and sometimes in corridors.

Band-e-Ghichy copper deposit is located in the northern margin of the Central Iran structural zone, about 120 km south of Shahrood and 70 km south east of Torud. Copper mineralization occurred in the rock units including sandstone, conglomerate and siltstone with the Oligocene age. Mineralization has occurred in the form of stratiform (syngenetic), stratabound (epigenetic) and supergen (the surface processes). The minerals forming the deposit include sulfide (chalcocite, covellite, bornite, chalcopyrite and pyrite) and carbonate (malachite and azurite) minerals. The main mineralization forms in the reduction zone as well as in the red formations and is controlled by permeability, the content of organic materials and sulfides in the host rock. Due to the expansion of Eocene andesitic lavas in the adjacent area of the deposit and the presence of volcanic fragments containing copper-bearing minerals in host conglomerate units, it can be concluded that the source of copper in the region is attributed to volcanic units. Based on geochemical studies, sandstone of the region have a felsic to intermediate source rocks and the copper element in the base metals has the highest production coefficient (4 to 8 weight percent) and shows the highest correlation with silver. According to the basic characteristics of Band-e-Ghichy copper deposit such as host rock, mineralogy, structure and texture, companion elements, depositional environment and important mineralization factors, this deposit can be considered as a copper deposit with a sedimentary host and red bed type.

Halalan Manganese ore deposit is located in Torud-Chah Shirin volcano-sedimentary band and the northern part of Central Iran structural-sedimentary zone. The outcropped rocks in the area include metamorphic complex with lithology composition of slate, phyllite, schist, marble, limestone, dolomite and slightly metamorphed sandstone with Early Jurassic age. Manganese mineralization has occurred in the form of stratiform (Layered and lens-shaped) and parallel to stratification. The main minerals forming the ore deposit are mainly pyrolusite, psilomelane, heulandite, braunite and hematite. The massive, layered, lentiform and bandy structures and the disseminated, the empty space filling and replacement textures are the most important structure and texture of the ore deposit. The existent alterations in the region include chloritic, epidote, argillic, silication and carbonatization alterations. Based on the geochemical studies, The high ratios of Mn / Fe and low concentrations of trace metals, especially Co, Ni, Cu, and high amounts of Mn, SiO2 and Fe are as evidences of Mn enrichment and depletion from submarine hydrothermal fluids (exhalative) in this deposit. Therefore, all the evidences indicate that the Halalan manganese ore deposit has formed under two mechanisms: the enrichment in seawater by exhalative-hydrothermal fluids and this deposition in sedimentary conditions influenced by changes in Eh and pH in marine environment and it is a volcano-sedimentary ore deposit. Based on the studies, the Halalan manganese ore deposit is most similar to the manganese ore deposits of Cuba type, with the exception that the Halalan manganese ore deposit has been affected by a metamorphic phase in the green schist facies.

Since many people have problem in understanding the concept of "competitive intelligence", this study has been done to introduce and develop the concept of competitive intelligence in companies and enterprises. Therefore, this study will answer the fundamental questions such as; what is competitive intelligence. What processes take place in it? And what tools and techniques are used? Managers will be able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of competitors through the use of tools, methods and specific techniques of competitive intelligence, and by taking the right decisions and strategies will be able to stay ahead of their competitors.