ahad khoshzaban

Xenogeneic grafts have gained attention due to advantages in compare of autografts. This study aimed to compare Xeno (ostrich) Acellular Dermal Matrix (XADM) with the free gingival graft (FGG) to increase the width of Keratinized gingiva (KGW) in dogs.

This split mouth animal study was performed on 10 mixed breed dogs. The upper second premolar sites were randomly selected for grafting by XADM (test) or FGG (control). Measurements of KGW were recorded before surgery, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery. Biopsies from grafted sites for histologic and histomorphometric evaluations were harvested 6 months after surgery. Data were analyzed by repeated measured, paired samples t‑test, and Wilcoxon Signed rank test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

KGW increased in the two study groups after surgery with no significant statistical difference between them at any time intervals (P > 0.05). The graft shrinkage was 23% and 21% for the test and control groups, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Histomorphometric evaluation showed no significant difference between the two study groups. Foreign body reaction was not seen in any of the study groups.

Increased KWG was similar between the two study groups. With regard to FGG limitations, XADM may be assumed as a suitable alternative for FGG. It should be noted that this research was an animal study and clinical trials on human should be performed to approve the efficacy and safety of this material.

Statement of the Problem:

 Unsuccessful implant integration leads to pain and implant mobility. Implant photo-functionalization by ultraviolet (UV) light has been suggested as a method that may stimulate osseointegration  

This study was conducted to analyze the histopathological feature of the titanium implant surface upon treatment with UV-C wave.

In this interventional study, twenty rabbits were enrolled. In the treatment groups, the titanium implants, irradiated earlier with UV-C for four hours laterally, were inserted in one of the femur bones. In the control group, the titanium implants without irradiation were inserted in the other femur bone of the rabbits. After two and four weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and then the samples were histologically and histo-morphometrically analyzed. In addition, the amounts of new bone formation, bleeding, and inflammation were recorded, and the data were subjected to statistical analysis.

The results confirmed that UV-C irradiation to titanium implants significantly improved new bone formation (p< 0.001). However, no significant new bone formation was observed between two and four weeks after implant insertion (p< 0.098).

The study results showed that irradiating titanium implants with UV-C for four hours significantly improves osseointegration and new bone formation but does not considerably affect inflammation or bleeding around the implant. The study suggests that UV-C radiation can increase the success rate of implant treatment.

Bone regeneration is a desired treatment outcome in implant dentistry. The primary goal of the current investigation was to assess the joint effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on new bone formation.

During this experiment study, forty bone defects (8 mm in diameter) were generated in the calvaria of ten New-Zealand white rabbits. defects were filled with autogenous bone defined as the control group, autogenous bone with leukocyte- and PRF (PRF group), autogenous bone and low-level diode laser radiation (LLLT group), and autogenous bone with leukocyte- and PRF and low-level laser radiation (LP group). Laser irradiation was done every second day for 2 weeks after surgery. Five rabbits were randomly selected to be sacrificed on postoperative weeks 4 and 8. On one and two-month post-surgery, histological and histomorphometric parameters including bone formation, fibroblast, and osteoblast were assessed.

The histological panel depicted that the ratio of fresh bone formation increased at one-and two-month postsurgery in all treatment groups compared to the control group. The most favorable results were seen in the LP group, followed by the PRF group. Based on the ANOVA test, bone neoformation was statistically significant in the LP group in comparison with the control group (P<0.001). One-month post-surgery, a higher degree of fibroblast was seen in the control group, while the last place was for LP group (118.6 ± 6.9 vs. 24.0 ± 3.2). In the PRF group, the percentage ofbone formation was higher than that in the control group (13.2 ± 2.8 vs. 2.0 ± 1.2), but no significant difference when compared to the LP group (13.2 ± 2.8 vs. 19.0 ±.3.8).

The combined L-PRF and LLLT was more likely to have a positive effect on accelerating bone regeneration and reducing fibrosis.

  Diabetes is one of the major health challenges in world. Herbal medicines are widely used for the treatment of diabetes. The current study assessed the effects of oral administration of essential oils from Myrtus communis, Trachyspermum copticum and Ferula gummosa on blood glucose and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and inhibitory effects of these oils on α-glucosidase activity in vitro. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of healthy control, diabetic control, healthy control received corn oil and three experimental diabetic groups treated by the essential oils. Four weeks after intraperitoneal injections of 45-mg/kg streptozotocin doses, experimental groups were gavaged with 200 mg/kg/day of the oils for thirty days, then serum glucose and lipid profiles of the rats were assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. Study was carried out in Animal Laboratory of the Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Tehran, Iran, 2016. Compared to healthy control group, serum glucose, triglyceride (TG) total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) increased in diabetic control group significantly (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) between the healthy and diabetic control groups. The M. Communis oil showed the most significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase than those two other oils did. Furthermore, M. communis significantly decreased glucose (478±24 vs. 355±48; p<0.001) , TG (167±13 vs. 118±13; p<0.001), TC (107±11 vs. 83±13; p<0.01), and LDL-C (70±8 vs. 47±4; p<0.001) while increased HDL-C (37±5 vs. 53±9; p<0.01). F. gummosa and T. copticum had no effect on glucose levels in diabetic rats. T. copticum lowered TC (107±11 vs. 89±12; p<0.05) and (LDL-C (70±8 vs. 43±10; p<0.001) while increased HDL-C (37±5 vs. 49±8; p<0.05). F. gummosa just decreased TG (167±13 vs. 105±12; p<0.001) and LDL-C (70±8 vs. 30±4; p<0.001) levels in diabetic rats. In general, lipid profile improvement was demonstrated using the three essential oils in diabetic rats; of these essential oils, only M. Communis oil included hypoglycemic effects possibly due to its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Alginate, known as a group of anionic polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds, has attracted the attention of researchers because of its biocompatibility and degradability properties. Alginate has shown beneficial effects on wound healing as it has similar function as extracellular matrix. Alginate microcapsules (AM) that are used in tissue engineering as well as Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) contain nutrients required for cell viability. The purpose of this research was introducing AM in medium and nutrient reagent cells and making a comparison with control group cells that have been normally cultured in long term.
In this experimental study, AM were shaped in distilled water, it was dropped at 5 mL/hours through a flat 25G5/8 sterile needle into a crosslinking bath containing 0.1 M calcium chloride to produce calcium alginate microspheres. Then, the size of microcapsules (300-350 µm) were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images after the filtration for selection of the best size. Next, DMEM was injected into AM. Afterward, adipose- derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and Ringer’s serum were added. Then, MTT and DAPI assays were used for cell viability and nucleus staining, respectively. Also, morphology of microcapsules was determined under invert microscopy.
Evaluation of the cells performed for spatial media/microcapsules at the volume of 40 µl, showed ADSCs after 1-day cell culture. Also, MTT assay results showed a significant difference in the viability of sustained-release media injected to microcapsules (P According to the results, AM had a positive effect on cell viability in scaffolds and tissue engineering and provide nutrients needed in cell therapy.

Stem cells are the best cells that can be used for periodontal tissue regeneration in the treatment of periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the features of dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs).
In this study, five samples from DF and five samples from PDL were collected from patients. Cells were subsequently expanded by three passages. Cells were evaluated then by inverted microscope and flow cytometry. (DFSCs) and (PDLSCs) were stained with markers (CD90, CD166, CD105, CD44, CD73, CD13, CD45, CD34, CD38, and CD31) and examined for as well as for osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.
The DFSCs and PDLSCs expressed MSCs markers, as shown by flow cytometry. The cells were negative for CD45, CD34, CD38, CD31 markers but were positive for CD90, CD166, CD105, CD44, CD73, and CD13 markers. Cell attached to the flask macroscopically, and spindle cells attached to the inverted microscope. DFSCs and PDLSCs also differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes in osteogenic and adipogenic media.
This study opens the way for further research of human dental follicle and periodontal cells. The present study found that stem cells derived from the PDL and DF express CD90, CD166, CD105, CD44, CD73, and CD13 markers, similar to mesenchymal stem cells. PDL and DF cells differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes in osteogenic and adipogenic media.

To evaluate the frequency of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of complement factor H (CFH) and LOC387715/ARMS2/ HRTA1 and their association with some of the presenting clinical features of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
In this prospective non-comparative case series forty four naïve patients with neovascular AMD were genotyped using sequencing or Sequenom iPLEX technology. Descriptive tests were used for displaying the magnitude of each allele, gender distribution, and age at diagnosis. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the correlation between visual acuity (VA) and different alleles. Also Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison between age at the time of diagnosis and different alleles.
The most frequent SNP among studied patients was rs1061147 with 100% frequency rate. The least common was rs2672598 with a frequency of 52.27%. Only the allele rs800292 of CFH locus on 1q32 was associated with VA better than 20/200 (p value ¼ 0.034). The frequency of this allele was 77.27% (34 patients) in this study. There was no significant association between any of alleles, and VA worse than 20/200(p > 0.05). Fifteen patients had bilateral exudative AMD (34.09%). There was no significant difference between alleles in bilateral neovascular AMD and unilateral disease. Also bilateral and unilateral patients were not different in terms of age, gender or VA (p value: 0.330, 0.764 and 0.456 respectively). There was also no significant association between any of SNPs and bilaterality of disease.
We designated the frequencies of SNPs of CFH and LOC387715/ARMS2/HRT 1 in neovascular AMD in a sample of Iranian patients. Only the allele rs800292 of CFH locus on chromosome 1q32 was associated with better VA.

The aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxic effects and osteogenic activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP2) and nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) adjacent to MG-63 cell line. To assess cytotoxicity, the 4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteogenic activity were evaluated using Alizarin red and the von Kossa staining and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The n-HA/CS mixture significantly promoted cell growth in comparison to pure calcium sulfate (CS). Moreover, addition of rhBMP2 to CS (P=0.02) and also mixing CS with n-HA led to further increase in extracellular calcium production and ALP activity (P=0.03). This in vitro study indicates that a scaffold material in combination with an osteoinductive material is effective for bone matrix formation.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a disorder of tooth development where there is an abnormal formation of enamel or the external layer of teeth. The aim of this study was to screen mutations in the four most important candidate genes, ENAM, KLK4, MMP20 and FAM83H responsible for amelogenesis imperfect Geneomic DNA was isolated from five Iranian families with 22 members affected with enamel malformations. The PCR amplifications were typically carried out for amplification the coding regions for AI patients and unaffected family members. The PCR products were subjected to direct sequencing. The pedigree analysis was performed using Cyrillic software. One family had four affected members with autosomal dominant hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta (ADHPCAI); pedigree analysis revealed four consanguineous families with 18 patients with autosomal recessive hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta (ARHPAI). One non-synonymous single-nucleotide substitution, c.1150T>A, p. Ser 342Thr was identified in the FAM83H, which resulted in ADHCAI. Furthermore, different polymorphisms or unclassified variants were detected in MMP20, ENAM and KLK4. Our results are consistent with other studies and provide further evidence for pathogenic mutations of FAM83H gene. These findings suggest different loci and genes could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AI.

Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mu opioid receptor gene and drug addiction has been shown in various studies. Here, we have evaluated the existence of polymorphisms in exon 3 of this gene in Iranian population and investigated the possible association between these mutations and opioid addiction. 79 opioid-dependent subjects (55 males, 24 females) and 134 non-addict or control individuals (74 males, 60 females) participated in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from volunteers’ peripheral blood and exon 3 of the mu opioid receptor gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) whose products were then sequenced. Three different heterozygote polymorphisms were observed in 3 male individuals: 759T>C and 877G>A mutations were found in 2 control volunteers and 1043G>C substitution was observed in an opioid-addicted subject. Association between genotype and opioid addiction for each mutation was not statistically significant. It seems that the sample size used in our study is not enough to confirm or reject any association between 759T>C, 877G>A and 1043G>C substitutions in exon 3 of the mu opioid receptor gene and opioid addiction susceptibility in Iranian population.

Tooth loss is a common problem and since current tooth replacement methods cannot counter balance with biological tooth structures, regenerating natural tooth structures has become an ideal goal. A challenging problem in tooth regeneration is to find a proper clinically feasible cell to seed.This study was designed to investigate the odontogenic potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSCs) for seeding in tooth regeneration. In this experimental study, three pregnant Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were used at the eleventh embryonic day and rat fetuses were removed surgically using semilunar flap under general anesthesia. The primary mandible was cut using a stereomicroscope. The epithelial and mesenchymal components were separated and the dissected oral epithelium was cultured for 3 days. We used flow cytometry analysis to confirm presence of mesenchymal stem cells and not hematopoietic cells and to demonstrate the presence of oral epithelium. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and cultured oral epithelium were then co-cultured for 14 days. BMSCs cultured alone were used as controls. Expression of two odontogenic genes Pax9 and DMP1 was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Expression of two odontogenic genes, Pax9 and DMP1, were detected in BMSCs co-cultured with oral epithelium but not in the control group. Expression of Pax9 and DMP1 by human BMSCs in the proximity of odontogenic epithelium indicates odontogenic potential of these cells.

Regeneration of large bone defects is a major challenge in maxillofacial reconstruction. The present study evaluated the efficacy of simultaneous use of demineralized bone matrix (DBM)، mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet rich in growth factors (PRGF).

Stem cells were isolated from the femoral bone marrow of rabbits and their stem cell nature was confirmed. PRGF was prepared by drawing 5 cc of blood from the heart of rabbits and its centrifugation. A total of four 8mm defects were surgically created in rabbits calvaria using a trephine bur. Third passage cells were loaded on DBM and stored in an incubator for 24 hours. DBM، DBM+PRGF، DBM+MSCs and DBM+PRGF+MSCs were used in groups 1، 2، 3، and 4، respectively. At 6 and 12 weeks rabbits were sacrificed using vital perfusion. Histomorphometric analysis was performed on 5 µm sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H &E). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 14 software and ANOVA test.

Histomorphometric analysis of the sections at 6 and 12 weeks post-operation demonstrated 74. 6% and 20. 31% osteogenesis in group 1، 14. 35% and 28. 44% in group 2، 17. 75% and 31. 33% in group 3 and 18. 94% and 37. 21% in group 4، respectively. Percentage of new bone formation was higher in group 4. However، this difference was not statistically significant (P>0. 05).

It seems that simultaneous use of DBM، PRGF and MSCs results in increased bone regeneration in 8 mm rabbit calvarial bone defects when compared to the application of MSCs or PRGF alone.

Due to increasing clinical demand for adipose tissue, a suitable cell for reconstructive adipose tissue constructs is needed. In this study, we investigated the ability of Human Endometrial-derived stem cells (EnSCs) as a new source of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into adipocytes. EnSCs are the abundant and easy available source with no immunological response, for cell replacement therapy. Single-cell suspensions of EnSCs were obtained from endometrial tissues from 10 women experiencing normal menstrual cycles, and were cultured at clonal density (10 cells/cm2) or limiting dilution. Endometrial mesenchymal stem cell markers were examined flow cytometry. These cells were treated with adipogenic-inducing medium for 28 days. The adipogenic differentiation of the EnSC was assessed by cellular morphology and further confirmed by Oil Red O staining and RT-PCR. The BM-MSC differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of adipogenic stimuli for 3 weeks. The flow cytometric analysis showed that the cells were positive for CD90, CD105, CD146 and were negative for CD31, CD34.We showed that the key adipocytes marker PPARa was expressed in mRNA level after 28 days post treatment (PT). According to our finding, it can be concluded that EnSCs represent a useful in vitro model for human adipogenesis, and provide opportunities to study the stages prior to commitment to the adipocyte lineage.

Keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often resulted in severe corneal ulcers and perforation, which leads to losses of vision. Human amniotic membrane (HAM) forms the inner wall of the membranous sac which surrounds and protects the embryo during gestation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the amniotic membrane''s healing in rabbits with pseudomonas keratitis. In total 14 rabbits divided in 2 groups of: 1 as Control and 2 as experimental amniotic membrane combined with ciprofloxacin. A 0.05 ml suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was injected into rabbit’s corneal stroma, with no interference in control group. In the second group, the amniotic membrane in pieces of 1.5 × 1.5 cm transplanted to the entire corneal surface by eight interrupted 10.0 nylon sutures. In the first day ciprofloxacin drop was injected to the second group every 30 minutes and through second to seventh days every 2 hours. The results of perforation in cornea and the amount of infiltration were registered. The results showed that amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) + ciprofloxacin group had 0% perforation and the control group 85.6%. Average infiltrations were 5 mm in AMT + ciprofloxacin groups and 23.75 mm in control. The use of amniotic membrane with ciprofloxacin was effective in prevention of cornea perforation and controlling the process of pseudomonal keratitis remission. The improvement of inflammation rapidly happened in ciprofloxacin + AMT group.

Aim: culture of human preiodontal mesenchymal stem cells to production osteoblast. This might be used for repair of human periodontal defects in future.
periodontal tissues were obtained from periodontium of patients who were candidate for periodontal surgery. They were 25-45 years old and had no systemic diseases, no smoking, and no drug treatment. Tissues were cultured in DMEM medium. Cells were by subsequently expanded by passages. 3 passages were done. Then cells were evaluated by inverted microscope and flowcytometry. We stained PDLstem cells with these markers: CD44, CD90 CD166,CD13, CD34,CD45 .
Finding: PDL stem cells expressed MCSCs markers as shown in flowcytometry. The cells were negative by CD34 and CD45 markers and were positive by CD90, CD166, CD13, and CD44 markers .We saw a monolayer attached cells on the floor of flask macroscopically and we saw spindle cells by inverted microscope. In the microscopic finding we saw nuclear red calcified view with Alizarine staining in day 14th of culture.
Our findings show that human PDL contains a population of multypotent postnatal stem cells can be isolated and expanded in vitro. It provides a reservoir of stem cells from an accessible tissue resource. These cells have capacity of proliferation ex vivo. Therefore tissue regeneration mediated by human PDL stem cells might have potency of practical cellular- based treatment of periodontal defects.

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICN) cells of blastocysts with the potential to maintain an undifferentiated state indefinitely. The derivation process involves plating of the blastocysts on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) and expansion of the outgrowth in to established ES cell line. ES cell are capable of unlimited self-renewal by symmetric division and differentiated cells to all primitive embryonic germ layers. The capacity of ES cells to differentiate in to almost all the cell types of human body highlights their potential to play a promising role in cell replacement therapies for treatment of human diseases. In this study, MEFs have been replaced with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). C4 mES cell (mouse embryonic stem cell line) colonies are cultured on inactivated hMSCs amplified ≥ 600-folds during the 30 days of continuous culture. The longest continuous expansion of C4 mES cells on hMSC was 30 passages. In this study the gene expression for Oct-4, Nanog, Rex1, Brachyury, LIF, LIFR, TERT, B2M, Stat3, Sox2, Fgf4 in mES cells using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in which genes expression for Stat3, Sox2, Fgf4 genes was negative whilst the gene expansion for Oct-4, Nanog, Rex1, Brachyury, LIF, LIFR, TERT, B2M genes was positive. There was also a karyotype analysis for ES which showed normal result. The immunocytochemical analysis of Oct4 transcriptional factor for ES cells was made which showed positive result for this factor. These genes may be novel candidates to play critical roles in the regulation of ES Cell pluripotency and self-renewal.

A functional treatment for skeletal damages in orthopedic and oral maxillofacial surgeries is required. Platelet growth factors such as Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Bone Morphogenic Factor (BMP), Transferring Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) proceed wound healing and bone regeneration. In the present study we focused on the effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP), platelet rich plasma gel (PRP-Gel) and auto bone chips on this process. 30 male, 22 weeks old, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 525 g were used. They were divided in three groups consisting of PRP (treated by Platelet-Rich Plasma), PRP-Gel (treated by it), Bone chips and Control (two cavities created in each animal in this group). After 16 weeks they were histologically investigated while in the periods of 40, 60, 90and 120 days, the radiography had been done. The radiographic analysis showed complete treatment in all groups; however, by the histo-pathological investigations by auto bone chips complete and PRP-Gel partial healing has been observed. By histo-morphometric surveys (100±25) % in bone chips and (50±25) % in PRP-Gel groups bone bridging were observed, whereas in PRP it was not noticeable. The Present study suggests that neither PRP, nor PRP-Gel could be as beneficial as bone chips. Statistically, in PRP-Gel group, due to the existence of fibrin and thrombin, solid bone bridging at the treated site is indicated. According to the previous studies, in which the key role of both inhibitory and stimulatory signals in controlling the bone regeneration were proven, we suggest that auto bone chips could completely enhance healing due to signals among blood factors, environmental tissues and skeletal particles.