ahmad ghiyasvand

Genesis as well as consequent transformations happened in virtual social networks has contribution in emergence of distinct gender roles among women. Cyberspace consumption has been associated with opportunities and threats for women. The purpose of the study is to describe the experience of housewives’ gender roles as well as investigation of backgrounds relating to mentioned experience through implementation of descriptive phenomenology as the research method. The main question is how the gender roles is experienced by housewives while approaching virtual social networks. Married women of 28–56-year-old living in Shahr-e-Rey were selected purposefully on the basis of predetermined inclusion criterion as the research informants. Data seeking has been done through twenty semi structured interviews. Data analysis and exploration in participants’ experiences was done on the basis of employment of Collaizi method. Research question mentioned above was answered in the form of 3 final themes including Hyper-realized matrimony, online spousal, and software-oriented emotional motherhood. Other ten main themes in this regard included sexual hyperreality- based exploited in silence, online infidelity phobia, being mannequin desire, sexual conscious and pleasure sharing, online household management, visible state of being subject, state of intertwined fear, hope and reflexivity in virtual life, online motherhood governance, dying traditional motherhood, helpful teacher-mother and dreadful motherhood. The above stated themes represent various dimensions of experience related to gender roles in three scopes of matrimony, spousal arrangements as well as motherhood. Interpretative analysis of main discovered themes has been provided with special reference to selected statements of informants expressed in semi-structured interviews. The conclusion of present paper has been interpretatively articulated on the basis of the highest level of abstraction with reference to research conceptual framework, review of previous related studies and empirical findings of the current research as well.

The structural and functional status of the family in Iran is changing. One of the important changes is the increase in the age of marriage of young people. It is important to study this change as an indicator for postponing family formation.
In this study, in order to explain the age of marriage of young people, in spite of the social, economic and cultural factors of the society, the choosing spouse space is discussed..
In order to derive research hypotheses the second transitional theory of demography, the cultural transformation of Inglehart, modernization, and the space of choosing spouse has been used.
The research method is survey and its population is all young people during marriage in Tehran (1394). A multi-stage sampling method was used and the sample size was estimated at 379.
The results show that the socioeconomic status of the girl's family with a coefficient of 0.41, socioeconomic status of young girls with a coefficient of 0.25, lack of access to the space of choosing spouse with a coefficient of 0.19 has the greatest impact on the increase of girl's marriage age.
Also, the socioeconomic level of boys with a factor directly affects the increase in their marriage age. In other words, the higher the level of education, income and job status of boys, the age of their marriage increases.
The results show that the socio-economic status of the girl's family and the social status of the young boys have the greatest impact on the increase of their marriage age.
Finally it can be concluded that the inverse relationship between the socio-economic base and the marriage age represents a change in the family's lifestyle and social values ​​system.