فهرست مطالب ahmad mahdipour

The main issue in this article is to examine the level of satisfaction of residents of rural areas of Darrehshahr city with the performance of the Islamic Council of the village and Dehyari during five periods (1998-1400). cultural, social, environmental and physical. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and survey type that was done by a researcher-made questionnaire and open data interview was analyzed through SPSS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was 89% by Cronbach's alpha method and its validity was confirmed using the opinions of experts. The statistical population consisted of 377 residents of the target villages who were selected by random sampling. In this study, Chi-square, Spearman, V Kramer, one-way analysis of variance, F and Pearson tests were used to examine the correlation and significance of the variables.Findings show that the respondents in the socio-cultural dimension of 83%, environmental 74.6%, economic 72.7% and physical 67.8% had low satisfaction with the performance of councils and villages. Also, the satisfaction of the villagers with the councils and rural areas in the first period is the highest rate of 35.3% and in the fifth period the lowest rate is 1.6. Analytical results showed that they are more satisfied with the performance of councils and rural areas in the first period and the respondents consider the first members to be more reliable, responsible and people with high social capital in the newer periods. Council members and villagers are unreliable and often focus on their individual and tribal interests.

Trimethyltin Chloride (TMT) is a neurotoxin that can kill neurons in the nervous system and activate astrocytes. This neurotoxin mainly damages the hippocampal neurons. After TMT injection, behavioral changes such as aggression and hyperactivity have been reported in animals along with impaired spatial and learning memory. Hence, TMT is a suitable tool for an experimental model of neurodegeneration. The present study aims to determine the palliative effects of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) on the hippocampi of rats damaged from TMT exposure.

We assigned 28 male Wistar rats to the following groups: control, model, vehicle, and treatment. The groups received Intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 8 mg/kg TMT. After one week, stem cells were stereotactically injected into the CA1 of the right rats’ hippocampi. Spatial memory was determined by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test 6 weeks after cell transplantation. Finally, the rats’ brains were perfused and stained by cresyl violet to determine the numbers of cells in the Cornus Ammonis (CA1) section of the hippocampus. We assessed the expressions of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) and Neuronal-specific Nuclear (NeuN) proteins in the right hippocampus by Western blot.

The MWM test showed that the treatment group had significantly higher traveled distances in the target quarter compared with the model and vehicle groups (P<0.05). Based on the result of cell count (Nissl staining), the number of cells increased in the treatment group compared with the model and vehicle groups (P<0.05). Western blot results showed up-regulation of GFAP and NeuN proteins in the model, vehicle, and treatment groups compared with the control group. 

Injection of BM-MSCs may lead to a behavioral and histological improvement in TMT-induced neurotoxicity by increasing the number of pyramidal neurons and improving memory.

Marginalization, unequal work patterns, urbanization, and declining rural production are among the consequences of rural migration. The subject of this article is the study of the migration intention and the factors influencing it among the villagers of Kalat section of Abdanan city of Ilam province. Using the survey method and using the questionnaire tools, the necessary data were obtained from 341 individuals aged 15 to 45 years in the villages of Ab Anar, Halivah, Lorgheh and Abtaf Sofla by sampling multi-stage clusters. According to the hypothesis test, the significance of statistical relationship between habitat variables, job status, type of job, agricultural land ownership, social solidarity, sense of belonging to place, sense of security and income satisfaction with rural migration intent was confirmed. The results of multivariate analysis show that the variables entered into the multivariate regression equation explain 85% of the changes in the rate of migration intention. Among the independent variables, the variables of feeling of belonging to the place and the level of satisfaction with income are the most important categories affecting the intention of rural migration. These variables, in addition to directly affecting the intention to migrate, by influencing other social and economic categories, transmit the indirect effects of these independent variables on the rate of migration intention from the village.