فهرست مطالب ahmad saedisomeolia

Folic acid deficiency can be harmful specifically for the vulnerable population worldwide. The most reliable way to provide enough folic acid to population is adding it to the staple foods. Bread is the most important staple food for Iranian population. However, food preparation may affect folate stability.

determine the effect of different procedures of bread preparation including fermentation and baking on folic acid content of most popular types of breads.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of food processing, including fermentation and baking on folic acid content of folic acid fortified Iranian breads such as Lavash, Taftoon and Barbari. The flour was fortified with folic acid (0.15 mg/100 g). Breads were prepared by fortified flour, sourdough, salt and water.

Folic acid was extracted first and then was determined using the HPLC after the preparation procedure. The folic acid content in the all of the three types of flour (Lavash, Taftoon and Barbari) was changed significantly during the fortification. There was no significant difference in folic acid content between dough before and after the fermentation process. The folic acid content was decreased after the baking of all types of breads. This reduction was lowest in Barbari breads. This might be due to the lower baking temperature and higher thickness of Barbari.

Approximately 24-40 percent of the folic acid content of the three types of breads was decreased due to the baking process.

Constipation is a common non-motor problem in Parkinson's patients that affects the quality of life of these patients. Complications of constipation include anal pain and injury, which leads to anal ulcers and hemorrhoids. Many factors are blamed for this matter, which overweight and obesity might affect in these patients as well. Chronic constipation completely affects a person's quality of life. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to find the possible relationship between anthropometric indices and constipation in Parkinson's patients in Iran. The study was performed on 72 Parkinson patients aged 50-80 years with constipation referred to Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran. Patients were divided into two groups according to the number of bowel movements per week (<3 and ≥3 respectively). Demographic information was collected by a general questionnaire. Anthropometric data were calculated using Seca scales and meters. Body fat percentage and lean body mass were calculated using valid formulas. Data related to physical activity, food intake, number of excretions were collected by valid questionnaires. Based on the present findings, there is no relationship between anthropometric indices and constipation in Parkinson's patients. There is no significant difference in anthropometric indices between the two groups either. No significant difference in food groups between the two groups was observed as well. Anthropometric indices have no effect on constipation in Parkinson's patients. Future studies on the large-scale samples are recommended.

The study was designed to determine the effect of thirty days of pomegranate extract oral supplementation on plasma inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers as well as serum metabolic profiles, in overweight and obese individuals.

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study 48 obese and overweight participants were randomly assigned to receive either 1000 mg of pomegranate extract (PE), or a placebo (PL), daily for 30 days. At baseline, and after 30 days of treatment, anthropometric parameters, dietary intake, plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hyper sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and levels of serum lipids, glucose and insulin were assessed.

Thirty days of PE supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in mean serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and plasma MDA, IL-6 and hs-CRP. HDL-C significantly increased following the PE versus the PL intervention.

Our study suggests that pomegranate extract consumption may reduce complications linked with obesity through ameliorating the systemic inflammation and lipid profile. Future studies with larger sample size are required to verify these results.

Intensive exercise increases inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive Protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6). Dietary antioxidants can alter this inflammatory/oxidative state.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of tomato juice (and not supplement) consumption as a rich source of lycopene (a potent antioxidant) on inflammatory biomarkers of male athletes following exhaustive exercise.

Thirty male university students were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group consumed 200 mL tomato juice daily (containing 50 mg of lycopene) for one week, and then performed exercise on treadmill at a speed of 18 km/hour till exhaustion. The control group consumed the same amount of water and performed the same exercise regimen. Blood samples were collected pre- and immediately post-exercise for analysis of IL-6, CRP and oxidant/antioxidant ratio. IL-6 and CRP were measured using ELISA. Oxidant /antioxidant ratio was measured by colorimetric assay. Statistical analysis was undertaken using SPSS-13.

In the group who consumed tomato juice, CRP levels were significantly reduced post exercise compared to pre-exercise. The levels of IL-6 and oxidant/antioxidant ratio did not change after exercise in either the tomato juice or control groups.

Our data showed for the first time that consumption of tomato juice, which is a main source of the antioxidant lycopene, can lead to a decrease in systemic inflammation post-exercise. This may provide a useful approach for protecting against inflammation-induced muscle damage and improving exercise performance in athletes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with depressive symptoms, which affect prognosis and quality of life. We investigated the antidepressant effects of n-3 fatty acids (n-3FAs) monotherapy (without conventional antidepressants) for T2DM patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms.
A 10-wk, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group (1:1 ratio) randomized trial of n-3FAs (2700 mg/day EPA: DHA ratio=2) versus placebo in 88 Iranian diabetic patients with mild to moderate depression based on Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II-PERSIAN) was conducted. This study started from July 2014 to January 2015 in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The primary event was defined as worsened, non-changed, or inconsiderably improved depression ( Randomly, 44 T2DM patients were treated with n-3FAs supplements and 44 cases received placebo (three patients discontinued). n-3FAs could significantly protect patients against the aforesaid event and exhibit satisfactory prevention (number needed to treat with 95% confidence interval: 2.52, 1.71-4.74). No serious adverse reactions were reported.
n-3FAs supplementation had significant antidepressant effects in T2DM patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms, not confounded by metabolic factors and disease duration.

Lipid and glycemic abnormalities are prevalent in diabetes leading to long term complications. Use of safe and natural foods instead of medications is now considered by many scientists.
This study aimed at determining the effect of ginger on lipid and glucose levels of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
In a double‐blind placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to 2 groups of intervention (n = 25) and placebo (n = 25). Each patient received 2000 mg per day of ginger supplements or placebo for 10 weeks. Serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were analyzed. Daily dietary intakes and anthropometric parameters were also determined.
Data from 45 patients were analyzed (23 patients in the ginger group and 22 patients in the control group) at the end of the study. Ginger consumption significantly reduced serum levels of fasting blood glucose (-26.30 ± 35.27 vs. 11.91 ± 38.58 mg/dl; P = 0.001) and hemoglobin A1C (-0.38 ± 0.35 vs. 0.22 ± 0.29 %; P The current results showed that ginger could reduce serum levels of fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C in patients with diabetes.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Riboflavin plays an important role in myelin formation, and its deficiency is implicated as a risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature concerning the health benefits of riboflavin on MS. The literature recorded within four main databases, including relevant clinical trials, experimental, and case-control studies from 1976 to 2017 were considered. Both human and animal studies were included for review, with no restrictions on age, gender, or ethnicity. Experimental studies demonstrated that riboflavin deficiency triggers neurologic abnormalities related to peripheral neuropathies such as demyelinating neuropathy. Moreover, randomized controlled trials (RCT) and case-control studies in which MS patients received riboflavin supplementation or had higher dietary riboflavin intake showed improvements in neurological motor disability. Riboflavin is a cofactor of xanthine oxidase and its deficiency exacerbates low uric acid caused by high copper levels, leading to myelin degeneration. The vitamin additionally plays a significant role in the normal functioning of glutathione reductase (GR) as an antioxidant enzyme, and conditions of riboflavin deficiency lead to oxidative damage. Riboflavin promotes the gene and protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CNS of an animal model of MS, suggesting that BDNF mediates the beneficial effect of riboflavin on neurological motor disability. Research to date generally supports the role of riboflavin in MS outcomes. However, further observational and interventional studies on human populations are warranted to validate the effects of riboflavin.

The aim of present study was to determine effects of L-Arginine supplementation on antioxidant status and body composition in obese patients with prediabetes. A double-blind randomized control trial was performed on 46 (24 men, 22 women) obese patients with prediabetes. They were divided randomly into two groups. Patients in intervention (n = 23) and control group (n=23) received 3 gr/day L-arginine and placebo, respectively for 8 weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake and biochemical measurements ((serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)) were performed at the baseline and after 8-week intervention. The mean age and BMI of participants were 44.29±8.65 years old and 28.14±1.35 kg/m2, respectively. At the end of study, in both intervention and control group, percentage of carbohydrate decreased and %fat intake increased compared to the baseline (P<0.05). After adjusting for dietary intake, no significant difference was observed in Fat Mass (FM) and Fat Free Mass (FFM) between two groups (P>0.05). Among measured biochemical factors, only serum TAC level showed significant differences at the end of study in the intervention group compared to the control group (pv<0.01). 3gr/day L-Arginine supplementation increased TAC level in obese patients with prediabetes.

The role of nutrition in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related complications such as fatigue has been reported by several studies. The aim of this study is the assessment of nutritional status and its relationship with fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. This is a cross-sectional study, in which 101 relapsing-remitting MS patients were enrolled. The fatigue status was determined using the validated Persian version of of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). Dietary intake was assessed using a 3-day food record questionnaire and compared to dietary reference intake (DRI) values. Association between variables was determined using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. In the preset study, 25 men and 76 women (total = 101) were enrolled. Analysis of dietary intake showed that daily intake of vitamin D, folate, calcium, and magnesium were significantly lower than DRI in all of patients. In men, zinc intake was significantly lower than DRI; while, in women, iron was significantly below the DRI level. After adjusting for energy, MFIS and its physical subscale were highly correlated with intake of folate and magnesium. Our findings support that lower magnesium and folate diets are correlated with higher fatigue scores in MS patients.

Considering that pre-diabetes is one of enhancing disorders of developing diabetes، this study was performed with the aim of determination the effect of L-Arginine supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activity،total antioxidant capacity and body composition in patients with pre-diabetes. A double-blinded randomized clinical trial was performed on 46 patients with pre-diabetes. Patients in intervention (n =23) and placebo group received 3g/day L-arginine and placebo (3 capsules contain 1gr L-arginine)، respectively for 8weeks. Anthropometric، body composition and dietary intake assessments were done at the baseline and the end of study. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC)، Glutathione Peroxidase enzyme and Superoxide Dismutase activity were measured. SPSS software version 17. 0 was used for data analysis. Paired t-test، Independent t-test and ACOVA were performed for quantitative variables. p<0. 05 considered significant. 38 patients (19 subjects in each group) completed the study. After adjusting confounder factors، no significant differences in body composition،anthropometric indices and dietary intake were observed at the end of study (p<0. 05 in all factors)، but a significant differences in TAC level was observed in the intevention group at the end of study (p<0. 001). 3gr/day L- arginine supplemenation for 8 weeks lead to increasing in serum TAC level without changes in body composition in patients with pre-diabetes

Tomatoes are the richest source of lycopene, a potent antioxidant. Tomato products improve antioxidant defenses and reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases, at least partly due to the presence of lycopene. Lycopene, as an anti-inflammatory agent, prevents the production of inflammatory cytokines. Obesity is a chronic inflammatory condition in which the increased level of body fat leads to an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that the consumption of a lycopene-rich food would reduce inflammation in people with overweight or obesity. One hundred and six overweight or obese female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were enrolled and randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=53) or a control group (n=53), consuming 330 ml/day of tomato juice or water respectively, for 20 days. At baseline and day 20, serum concentrations of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were analyzed by ELISA and compared between groups. Serum concentrations of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group and compared to the baseline. Subgroup analysis indicated that this effect was confined to subjects who were overweight. Among obese subjects, serum interleukin-6 concentration was decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group, with no observed differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Tomato juice reduces inflammation in overweight and obese females. Thus, increasing tomato intake may provide a useful approach for reducing the risk of inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, associated with obesity.

Omega-3 fatty acids can reduce inflammation in diabetic patients via special mechanisms. The objective the current study was to investigate the effects dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in type 2 diabetes patients. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 57 subjects with type-2 diabetes. The participants were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups receiving either an omega-3 fatty acid supplement (containing 1584 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 828 mg docosahexaenoic acid, and 338 mg other omega-3 fatty acids) or a placebo tablet (containing 2100 mg sunflower oil) for a period of 8 weeks. The serum TNF-α and IL-2 concentrations decreased significantly in the omega-3 fatty acid group in comparison with the placebo group (in both cases, p<0.01). The intervention did not bring about any statistically significant changes in the serum CRP concentrations. Considering the beneficial effects of omega-3 dietary fatty acid supplements on the 2 inflammatory biomarkers, namely TNF-α and IL-2, type-2 diabetes patients are recommended to consume such supplements or foodstuffs rich in omega-3 fatty acids, e.g., fish

Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent disorder in the world particularly in Asian countries including Iran. There are increasing evidences about the relationship between serum level 25 hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and the control of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between serum level of 25(OH)D and glycemic profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in compared to healthy subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 people. 95 patients with type 2 DM were randomly selected among members of Iranian Diabetes Association (patients group). 85 healthy subjects were matched with patients group according their age and gender (control group). Biochemical parameters including 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorous, parathormone (PTH), glucose, HbA1c, insulin were measured. Homeostasis model of assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated. 82% of patients group and 75.6% of healthy subjects were suffering from vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. There is an significant inverse relationship between 25(OH)D and glycemic profile except insulin concentration (FBS and HbA1c). We concluded that vitamin D deficiency has high prevalence among type 2 diabetic patients and also healthy subjects. Vitamin D has an inverse relationship with glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. Studies showed paraoxonase activity, and vitamin C and A levels are decreased in diabetes. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on serum paraoxonase activity and vitamins A, E, C in patients with type 2 diabetes is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on paraoxonase activity, vitamins C, A and E levels in type 2 diabetic patients. In a double-blind, placebo controlled trial, 80 type 2 diabetic patients were randomly enrolled into the study. Study subjects received daily 2714 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or placebo for 8 weeks. Ten milliliter fasting blood was collected before and after treatments. Serum paraoxonase activity and vitamin C levels were measured by spectrophotometry. Vitamin A and vitamin E were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Nutrient intake was estimated using 24-hours dietary recall questionnaire (for 2 days) before and after treatments. Dietary data were analyzed using FPII. To compare the means of variables between the two groups, independent t-test was employed. Differences between variables before and after interventions were calculated using paired t-test. Serum levels of paraoxonase activity were significantly increased after omega-3 intake (126.47 IU/ml vs. 180.13 IU/ml). However, omega-3 intake caused no significant change in serum vitamin A, C, and E. Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids was found to increase paraoxonase activity in diabetic patients.

This study aimed to determine red blood cell (RBC) and serum folate and vitamin B12 levels as well as their intake in schizophrenic patients. The folate and cobalamin status of 60 schizophrenic patients (15-55 years) was compared to 60 matched healthy controls using Radio Isotope Dilution Assay (RIDA). Serum and RBC folate in schizophrenic patients was significantly lower than the control group. Mean serum cobalamin levels in the schizophrenic group were higher than controls. This study showed that folate deficiency is common in schizophrenic patients; therefore, it is important to pay attention to folate levels in these patients.