akbar kiani

Asbads are a sign of creativity, initiative and innovation of Iranians in the hot and dry climate and windy areas of eastern Iran.
The 120 day winds have been the main factor and motivation for the invention of Asbads in Sistan region. Varmal Asbad is built inside a complex of residential buildings and from this point of view is unique. The purpose of this article is the interaction of Asbad Wormal architecture with the characteristics of the natural environment in terms of orientation with the 120-day winds of Sistan, emphasizing CFD computational fluid dynamics simulation.
The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary studies and field surveys in the scope of the research. The volume of the architectural mass was designed with Revit software. Urba Wind-Meteodyn software was used for geometric preparation and Ansys Fluent software was used for simulation.
Ansys Meshing software was used to generate grid independence, and WRPLOT View software was used to identify wind parameters. The results of CFD computational fluid dynamics simulation show how the wind flows based on the speeds of 3 and 6 meters per second, in the direction of the 120-day winds; The northwest wind creates more air flow in Asbad than the north wind, and as a result, it increases the air circulation for more functions of Asbad. The results shows that due to the location of Varmal Asbad within the complex of residential buildings, this particular type of Asbad has had more diverse functions than other Asbads in eastern Iran. In such a way that the proper use of the 120-day winds is an effective help in creating air circulation in the floors of the building and natural ventilation in the indoor spaces during the hot days of the year, and it shows the interaction of the architecture of Varmal Asbad with the natural environment. Therefore, apart from grain grinding, the applications of Varmal Asbad have been for natural ventilation and cooling.

Over the past decade, municipal waste production has increased dramatically due to increasing global population and the rate urbanization. Therefore, one of the important issues that has been used in recent years and has been discussed to increase the efficiency and productivity of transportation systems is the discussion of routing of waste transportation machines. In addition, poor management and inappropriate collection and storage since it creates environmental problems in the urban ecosystem is considered a global challenge, as the presentation of these urban services has been significantly neglected due to lack of sufficient data and information. The aim of this study was to provide an appropriate solution for proper collection of waste in 40 neighborhoods of Zabul city to minimize the time of mission and increase the satisfaction of citizens of such urban services. The research method is descriptive and applied studies based on attribution algenomy and field studies. In order to conduct this study, metaheuristic algorithm of colonial competition and Arc GIS software was used and all the related programming was done in MATLAB software environment. The results indicated that colonial competitive algorithm with 20 replications at 15 replications with a time equal to 4.11 seconds with 71% confidence coefficient was obtained in the best possible state and showed the order of the best intersections. Confidence coefficient was obtained in the best possible state and showed the order of the best intersections. Confidence coefficient was obtained in the best possible state and showed the order of the best intersections.

An emerging disease epidemic will affect the structure, planning, architecture, development, social behavior, economic activity, and management of cities and the world, and the persistence of coronary heart disease will have its own changes. Fundamental change in human biology will be effective in various dimensions, especially biological habitats and physical spaces, according to the history of infectious diseases in the world, especially cholera, plague, SARS, Ebola ... and theories such as space distribution. Thortsen Hogstrand and the Theory of Complexity and Chaos: Urban Systems; It is important to review the current situation considering the level of spread and spread of COVID-19 virus and its various effects on the biological geography of the country. In the present paper, based on conventional theories of medical geography and spatial effects of disease spread, as well as physical / structural physical effects in urban spaces and damages, and explaining futuristic approaches to analyzing the structure of urban structure and corona virus in Zabol and Assaluyeh The territorial geography of the country has been studied, which is the basis for examining borderline, industrialization, differences in migration, and the type of urban activities. In the end, while presenting analytical results to present different management approaches, especially community-based management approach to overcome the crisis and development behavior and activities (city and electronic and intelligent citizen) and management in the continuation of corona crisis management in society.

Today, due to population growth and physical-structural development of cities, the structure and spatial form of urban development is of great importance and the compact city serves as a model for urban management and development of tomorrow's cities and smart growth. One of the factors of urban sustainability is the relationship between the shape and physical form of the city (spatial-physical structure). This article examines the situation and major indicators of sustainable city form and its dialectical relationship with other factors, and sheds some light on pros and cons of  urban sprawl of Lamerd city (including its morphology, i.e. structure, form and spatial development of the city). This study, employing library study method of research, adopts descriptive-analytical and comparative approach to data collection. The data of the urban sprawl indicators are collected through cognitive, functional information and studying comprehensive and detailed plans of the city.. By reviewing the literature and using the necessary and effective parameters obtained through analyzing the urban density of Lamerd city, an attempt is made to explain the reasons behind the sprawl and extensive urban development of the city. In the end,  the theories related to sustainable urban forms and morphology, their convergences and divergences, and finally the functional aspects and the implications of the theories in question for the city status are touched upon, concluding by making some suggestions. According to the studies and analyses conducted in 1345-85, the surface area and population of Lamerd city has increased about six and five times, respectively. During these years, the gross population density of the city has decreased from 131.3 people to 30.1 people per hectare. The lack of a sharp decrease in gross population density in different years indicates the excessive expansion of the city and the vacancy of many spaces and inactive urban areas and finally the horizontal, expanded, sprawl  development of neighborhoods in Lamerd, bringing about urban unsustainability in optimal distribution of services and access to facilities for the city residents, and in a rise in infrastructural costs and energy waste. The net residential density in 1985 is 85.85 people per hectare and in 1995 the net residential density and population density are  73  and 29 people per hectare, respectively.

Analysis of cognition, assessment, planning, management and decision making in the field of public urban space, especially in prioritizing the elements of urban identity based on public participation strategies and experts in urban development and modern technologies based on a large combination of methods. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to use the comprehensive convergence in decision making and assessment of the priorities of the identity element of borujerd city using multi-criteria decision making models.

According to the characteristics of the network analysis process model (ANP) and features of borujerd city, the data and initial information were classified and this means the ANP model was prepared. The ANP model was developed based on the public spaces of borujerd city, including 3 clusters (criteria / groups) and 19 options (ninety / subset) using Super Decisions software.

The results of the research show that the highest and highest priority of attention to the elements of identity in borujerd city is related to "nodes in clusters (seven criteria / group) and based on the location (evaluation of 9 locations and spaces of borujerd city) related to nodes "Chugha Hill" , "Goldschat", "Borujerd Mosque", and "Market" with a typical score of 0.587, (0.520), (0.430) and (0.201).

.The highest coefficient of importance in evaluating the elements of identity in borujerd city was the elemental index and the city's city index related to the identity node with natural score (0.479), physical and visual access with natural score (0.366) and readability and meanings With a simple score (298/0), priority was given to assessing the identity elements of the borujerd district.

Urban growththatfollowed thepopulation growthoccursinthe last decadecause ectopic use urban land and non- allocation(Allocation)urban land use appropriate,formation of slums in cities andsprawl development towns, particularly have been in the suburbs.The formation of in thecityofscatteredslumsin the suburbsofcitiesis.This issue necessityplanning the optimal use of land and management of urban development is clearer, andcauses the formation of urban smart growth approach as is thatmain purpose giving regulate the growth and development of cities and urban revitalization. Smart growth is makes the redevelopment made areas within urban.Accordingly, in the present research to study how to develop physical in city Fanouj be discussed.in fact main objective of the research, determinationof strategies to prevent the "sprawl"growth of Fanouj city andthus reduce the economic costs due itthe method of the present study was a descriptive - analytical based on a studieslibrary, documents and review of the field.In this context information and the required data in the development city, manner of distributing land uses,increase the economic costs the city scattered development, from authentic documents and part of through a questionnaire were prepared and by Arc GIS and SPSS software’scase analyzed was. the results of the review of the relationship between smart growth andmore equitable distribution facilities and services in Fanouj based on t-testShowed thatsignificant amount (Sig 0/000) with less than the 0/01 is,can be safely 0/99 acknowledged that smart growth strategies on a more equitable distribution facilities and services in Fanouj city will be effective.In case implementation smart growth strategies based on neighborhood conditions in Fanouj, costs economic and environmental destruction is reduced and causing increase environmental quality of life and citizens satisfaction his life environment will be.

The Organization of urban spaces based on native and local approaches with a focus on the preservation of ancient-historical monuments demands a particular scientific and administrative process. The historical texture of cities plays a key role in developing tourism and entertainment activities, social and economic activities in urban areas, and urban management. Accordingly, it seems necessary to organize historical cities based on scientific optimization and renovation principles. The purpose of the present study is to organize the urban spaces of the coastal city of Siraf in order to protect its valuable historical monuments. In doing so, the researchers have employed a descriptive-analytic method based on document, library, and field studies in the city of Siraf on the coastline of the Persian Gulf. The required data were collected from the whole city and analyzed in correspondence with the past and present conditions of this city. Given the dispersion of the historical areas of Siraf, its structure and linear shape, its place in the urban network of Kangan county, and the population changes there, the findings of the study indicate that the physical expansion and formation of the new urban spaces have created a variety of problems and difficulties for the optimal exploitation of Siraf’s historical texture. Hence, considering the significance of the historical texture of Siraf in developing, optimizing, and renovating this city, extensive care is required to preserve it. In line with such considerations, the authors have provided some administrative priorities and strategies for the organization of the urban spaces of Siraf in order to enhance its future prosperity, development, and dynamism.

Urban management is a process that generally leads to a system decision, the extent to which the city's success or failure is dependent on power and legitimacy, and the legal, social and economic structure of the society. The type of urban management in different historical periods and in different regions reflects the attitude and the level of public participation (collectivist approach) and administrative executive authority. In this paper, the ability and weaknesses (their advantages and disadvantages) have been analyzed in order to understand the evolution of the urban management and management approach and the evolutions of Iranian urbanmanagement levels in different developments and to state the status quo.

In this research, using descriptive methods (library studies), analysis of secondary data (documents) and content analysis technique, a comparative comparison between the traditional and new urban management approach from the period of the rule of the Med (780 BC) (Until the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1395), the model and strategy of integrated urban management in Iran have been analyzed based on the new perspectives of sustainable urban management.

The findings of this study are based on the analysis of the functions and functions of urban management in Iran and the fact that the urban management system of the country is influenced by centralized planning and management (centralizing organization) in different governments and analyzing the elements affecting the urban management of the country in Current times at macro, regional, and local / local levels and changes in urban management levels over time reflect the parallel existence of decision making and planning.

The historical trajectory of trends and trends in the shape and content of urban management in different periods represents a form of conceptual, conceptual, content, and functional evolution of management; in such a way that the concepts and beliefs of the single and The one-dimensional approach to multidimensional and multifaceted beliefs (participatory management, utilization of wisdom, responsiveness, and transparency) has been guided. The city administration has over the past hundred years been one of the main responsibilities of urban management due to the lack of sustainable sources of income, the weakness of civil and local institutions, and the lack of a defined organizational position in the country's hierarchy of organization, lack of participation in planning due to the nature of centralized planning and From the top to the bottom ...... they are left behind and mostly paid attention to the affairs of the city.

To study the synoptic - thermodynamic characteristics of the cloud mechanism in Azerbaijan in 2009-2000 period using the average rainfall of 15 mm and inclusive precipitation, 13 days was chosen indicators. To evaluate the development of the synoptic systems, sea level pressure and high levels of 850 and 500 HP respectively. 850 and 700 hPa specific humidity of the review process of cloud formation and water vapor transmission to the regional case study was used. To review upward movement that causes the formation of convective clouds to grow vertically or thickness, the vertical component of wind velocity in the coordinate system pressure at the level of 500 HP, were used. The stable and unstable atmospheric conditions were analyzed based on the graph skeu-t Tabriz. Synoptic results showed that the samples case study, the formation mechanism of the regional systems that have passed careful, depend on many factors. As a result of the deepening trough in the middle level of the high latitudes near the poles towards the south of the Mediterranean, the Red Sea along the meridian pressure inverted trough extends towards the south of the Mediterranean Sea. The northern part of the trough to trough height of the middle level, a Low pressure systems form when cold air and moisture from the middle latitudes of the Southern latitudes. Warm weather and cold fronts associated with this system is that, by moving his hand from the East Azerbaijan passes are causing precipitation in the region. Thermodynamic results showed that the thickness of the cloud and precipitation intensity and positive relationship is nonlinear. That the amount and intensity of precipitation than the thickness of the cloud, other factors are involved. The results of thermodynamic parameters showed that the convective rise in spring and autumn with warm and cold fronts are causing heavy rainfall in the region.

Urban deterioration is one of the serious problems and phenomenal unavoidable that a significant portion of textures from older cities and metropolitan areas have become obsolete and inefficient. Factors leading to deterioration of the urban environment, causing inconsistencies in the textures, increasing the dilapidated and abandoned urban spaces created for the old city. This research focuses on the application based on the library study and field observations. The purpose of this paper is evaluating the affective factors in the development deterioration urban old texture in order for rehabilitation and restoration (case study in Darab city). Assessing the relationship among these factors can be considered as a problem of decision making. Thus, we can test method decisions (dematel fuzzy) for relationships of mutual influence and influenced factors under the study used in such a way that the intensity of the effect of these mentioned factors and their significance is specified. In this research by the use of standpoints of experts and proficient urban planners the relationships among effective factors in the development of the deterioration texture old city of Darab was assessed. Indicators and under indicators were economics; managements; social and cultural; physically; bio­environmental which were recognized. The results reveal that economic factors (C1) have deterioration with the greatest influence and bio­environmental factors (C5) have deterioration the least efficacy. Otherwise, it can be said that economic factors are strong effective factors and bio­environmental factors are exhaustion factors.

This study aims to evaluate the human development in the city of Pars Abad (including Pars Abad, Aslan Dooz, Islam Abad and Taze kand) based on some human development indicators, to identify the rate and the causes of inequalities in this city, to introduce possible solutions for facilitating planning, and ultimately, to reduce human non-development rate in the region. It is an applied -developmental research using descriptive- analytical method. It also uses the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) model in MATLAB. In this research, 40 reduced indicators are divided into two factors, social development (including employment, health, and social services), and cultural development (including education, cultural factors and social deviations) in a specified period, 2011. The analysis of all research stages, in particular, defining indices, selecting relevant membership functions, forming a database, establishing rules and ultimately getting output from the date was done in MATLAB. After analysis of the data by this model, the obtained results showed that FIS model, relying on knowledge base and its corresponding stepwise conclusions, is a good model for describing the details of the primary and secondary indicators as well as human development. Likewise, it showed that among the towns of this city, there are significant differences in terms of its human development indicators, whether in the city or in relation with other towns. Except the capital city of Pars Abad with a final weight of 0.507, which is located in the semi- deprived category, other towns of this city are considered in deprived areas.

Endogenous development can be urban texture and abandoned urban spaces as smart growth occur. Hence, the conditions require that urban planners pay special attention to, identify the causes and find a solution to abandoned areas in deteriorated urban textures. Therefore, the aim of this study is determination user for the abandoned land use in deteriorated urban areas, case study: Darab which leads to the abandoned areas disturb visual landscapes in addition to providing the grounds for instability in distressed areas of Darab city. For this reason it is necessary to renovate and reconstruct them over time. The present study uses a descriptive- analytical approach based on documents, library, and field studies. In order to determine available land applications, the need to information layers GIS, then the per capita land applications with Excel software was found, weighting and the importance of indicators was done by Expert Choice program. Finally, by formulating in code blocks and MATLAB (using operator OWA FUZZY) alternative applications of abandoned spaces were prioritized in three quantifier ranges in which residential units was placed first. The results indicate that not using opportunity in the deteriorated urban texture was due to lack of planning for abandoned urban spaces and poor management. Thus, planning for a smart growth in abandoned urban spaces is one of the major priorities of modernization and rehabilitation.The results indicate that not using opportunity in the deteriorated urban texture was due to lack of planning for abandoned urban spaces and poor management. Thus, planning for a smart growth in abandoned urban spaces is one of the major priorities of modernization and rehabilitation.

Shade trees have many benefits in deferent dimensions; economic aspects (reduction of energy consumption in during hot period), physical aspects (maintenance utility) and social aspects (by increasing the vitality and efficiency of citizens) especially in cities facing with ‘temperature control issue’ in warmer months. Hence, this paper had directly emphasis on the size of the tree and its shade. In other words, the paper is discussed about ‘the shadows’ by inductive approach. Study goal is to measure the size of shade trees based on shape or volume (Canopy) of the trees to provide shade on the streets in central part of the city of Zabol. The city is located in the desert areas with low cloudy days and more sunshine hours. According to the surveys, per capita green space in the Zabol city is lower than national standards. The dominant species of eucalyptus and palm fan trees are in the streets of the city. The reason for selection of Zabol is exhausting heat in the most months of the year in the city. Overheating city of Zabol in different dimensions, has created a lot of problems. For example: I) Economic aspects (increased energy consumption, increased use of cooling systems, etc.). II) Physical dimensions (damage to urban infrastructure, environmental issues, reducing optimum standards of comfort and etc.). III) Social aspects (reducing the amount of vitality and performance of citizens, reduce walking citizens, etc.). Hypotheses of this research were proposed as follows: The angle of the sun in July in the city of Zabol is vertical, if the crown is wide and flat. So in the most sidewalks there are tall trees with less shade to cover the entire surface of the pavement. Because the sun shines, shadow of object is farther away than it is, we have to select the tree species that is shorter in height. Theory and research records show that the issue and the problem of "shadow value in planning and urban design" has increased exponentially in recent decades; this issue is clear and objective and can be solved by paying attention to "the tree" and "the shadow "of the scientific calculation based on the angle of the sun (latitude cities surveyed) and the effect of tree shade done. This research is descriptive - applied based on a library studies, documents and surveys. The study area includes the center city of Zabol where two streets intersect each other in the market place. The sizes of the shadow of tall and umbrella shaped trees in July and in the hours that sun's heat is felt, are compared by using AutoCAD. of the sample is the city's central market which is nearly 36,000 square meters and located in the north eastern of ChareRah Shahrbani, Located in a zone where the number of corridors is. According to the existing experiences and the current state of this area, the research hypotheses are confirmed. Thus, according to the angle of the sun in July which is almost vertical for the city of Zabol, more shadow than its farthest thrown object can be applied, such as choosing tree species which are shorter in height. The "shadow" in different dimensions (physical, economic and social) for cities that are located in the arid climate, is vital, therefore, architects, planners, urban designers and urban planners do scientific works and several executive projects, but regarding to the scientific approaches, some of them have focused on the "volume (canopy) tree" and its "shadow" in urban areas. In some cities around the world, "shadow" has the annoying look (in the example of some European countries), however, "shadow" for hot and dry areas of the cities, particularly the city of Zabol, is vital so we should plan for several researches to find out different aspects to see and implemented. The results show that shadow should exist; amount of shadow in umbrella shaped trees is more than tall trees. In the 12 am the diameter shade of a palm tree is 3.22 m. while at the same time the shadow of the a Eucalyptus tree is 1.94 m.

This study aims to review and feedback, temporary river urban environment (Hydirogeomorphology) and physical-physical processes in the development of herdsman in improving and organizing space and physical structure of the city using descriptive and analytical methods based on historical studies, library documentation and frequent visits to the field to investigate and resolve bottlenecks in the sustainable development of urban development, has been paid. The findings by applying a systematic approach (built environment, hydrology, geomorphology city) for a network with regard to the consistency between urban artificial stream and watershed old-line communication network within the city (streets and alleys) the main thoroughfares and sub-surface water in line with the general slope to the north of the Galhedar city (gradient from south to north is reduced) can lead to "chaos targeted body tissue structure of the city in relation to the natural environment 'accordingly, according to the core of the city in the period and core separation as well as the dynamics of physical development in pastoral areas due to the spatial arrangement (sprawl) and physical development of the direct effect of temporary rivers in the formation of city development and spatial structure of the city is a Galhedar.

Service problems and inequalities and social conditions resulting from urbanization, the need for planning to meet the urgent needs of different age groups, especially children, will require Construction and urban environment is certainly compatible with the spirits of children, social maturity and development in a major proportion of them will be personality. In this study, one of the most important needs of children in the urban areas for urban and the analysis projects related to Child-Friendly City (CFC) in the city has been Quchan. The research, review and evaluation for various urban needs children and also understand the reasons associated with non-city projects are Quchan. In this study, describes the analytical method is based on studies of library and documentation, field observations, interviews and obtain data through surveys and analysis of data with SPSS. Survey results show. The most important factor affecting the lack of access to and use of children for less the design and construction of urban spaces, regardless of health status of children (46.66 percent) respectively. Recreational and leisure spaces, and then to be inappropriate for children in the Quchan (40.95 percent) has been proposed. The experts believed that 52.5 percent of the executive officers and directors did not know the city has no plans for children. And then (47.5 percent) lacks of skilled manpower and expertise in professional and executive positions in the executive offices have been operating in this connection.

Prioritizing issues of public spaces in cities surveyed, must be based on modern theories of public participation, urban professionals concerned with the scientific method. Because of the different perspectives on the issues and priorities of the city, decisions must be convergent and enjoy a comprehensive coverage in order to be a priority. The purpose of this paper is first surveying Zabol development strategies especially determining public spaces. Descriptive research – analysis, evidence-based studies and surveys library are the methods adopted in this research. The study area includes the physical development before and after 2001 as a hub of Zabol in Sistan region's population which stands out as the first major public issue in the use of resources out of the analysis of interviews and questionnaires, Then according to the features and characteristics of «Analytic Network Process» (ANP) Zabol issues, data classification and consequently the initial conceptual model of ANP was prepared. ANP model consists of six clusters based on common areas of Zabol (criteria / group) and 22 options (node / subgroup) which were generated using the Super Decisions software and the results were analyzed in the software field. The results show the highest preference for the public spaces of Zabol issues related to the node's neighborhoods bordering the city after 2001which "has been formed and developed” (with a score of 0. 795 in normalized cluster location and time). Second, “physical access normalized” with a score of 0. 496 in the cluster: having access to the public sphere, the "alleys and streets" with a score of 0. 377 normalized (with very little difference in the central market of more than ninety 0. 375) in the cluster interior public spaces of the city was located. Thirdly, " The overall vision of the natural environment "with a score of 0. 837 normalized cluster utility in the natural environment, followed by the node's perspectives and input symbols of the city" with a score of 0. 642 normalized in public spaces around the city. Immediately followed by the node clusters "belonging to a space " by a normal rating of 0. 485 in utility cluster of natural space in clusters of six or more points, However, the other options were located out in each cluster. Based on comparing the results of clusters and nodes (nodes) in a clustered environment favorable natural "overall vision of the natural environment" in the area and temporal location "marginal neighborhoods of the city after 2001" has been formed and developed and in public spaces around the city "perspectives landscape and input symbols of the city "for the city of Zabol in priority areas of development strategies were located and explained in this research report

Urban spaces was eco-friendly before Industrial Revolution; however, after the revolution, urban spaces was influenced by industry so life style has been changed that makes more people to go to suburban areas to be get in touch with nature. To address this issue, city managers attempt to consider green spaces and public parks in their planning outside of cities. Mellat Park of Zahedan is a good example of these types of parks. This paper examined the current visual aspects of Mellat Park based on residents’ preferences using a classification model quality (Q-Sort). According to this model, there are three different zoning in parks: 1. Designed areas, 2. Playgrounds or Recreational zone, 3. Green spaces. In two different times, 495 photos were taken from different three areas. Then the photos were categorized based on the objectives of the study and a total of 24 images for all areas (8 for each) were selected. The respondents ranked the photos with these 5 scales: (very nice picture, nice, ordinary, ugly and too ugly). The results show that 50% of the visitors who are 15-24 years old, prefer green spaces, while 46% of those who are 25-49 years prefer to use “designed spaces”. Finally 36% of visitors who are above 50 years prefer to use playgrounds or recreational zones.

The main factor determining the success of urban management today is recognized cities and aimed at policy and implementation plans. Cities are as a complex social system and the need for urban management to achieve the goals of sustainable urban development activities in different dimensions. In this paper، we examine how knowledge، evolution and expression levels of urban management in the different periods of the current situation، strengths and weaknesses (advantages and disadvantages) have been analyzed. Using descriptive and (library studies)، analysis of secondary data (documents) and the techniques of content analysis and comparative study between traditional and new approaches to urban management of the Median era (780 BC) to the Republic Islamic of Iran Period (until 2012) will be discussed. The results show the influence of Iran in the planning and management of urban management center. In the current era of urban management at the macro level، local and regional، local and urban management levels with parallel changes in the decision making and planning. Therefore، the development of municipal functions and powers of the management with decentralization and urban development is essential. The strategic and operational recommendations for the efficient management of municipal (local government) and the development of decentralized urban management are provided. Given the strengths of the (municipal council''s elections since 2008 / participation and involvement in the affairs of the people and politics of decentralization in the country) and the perspectives of modern urban management (electronic and intelligent management) has been done.

Safety and fire services are considered to be the most important utilities in times of fires and other events for citizens and residents. Timely relief in events such as fire reduces life and the financial losses of city and citizens and prevents further losses. The city of Zabol because of special conditions as one of the critical cities from the point of view of the fire is considered and it is faced with shortages in point view of the number and distribution of fire stations. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the fire stations condition in city of Zabol with TOPSIS method to reduce urban dangers. Descriptive and analytical method of research is based on library studies and documentary and field investigation. Area covered by the study includes fire stations of Zabol which also offer services to surrounding villages. Stations were evaluated to five criteria of quality and quantity with TOPSIS method. Data and information related to stations, and also assessment of its various criteria were used collected by going directly to the stations and opinion poll of officials of station and citizens in the form of 380 questionnaires. The results of applying TOPSIS method show that a fire station (central, 0.956) in the first rank, number two stations (St. Modarres, 0.257) and station number three (Shahid Bahonar, 0.084) are next in rank. According to presented analysis,we should revise preparation and selection of station.

Historical and cultural contexts of cities great monuments of culture، native architecture and urban planning and considered as part of the social identity of each nation and country. Historic- cultural cities based on historic and hereditary resources have many opportunities for tourists; therefore، they are the main centers of attracting tourists. Shiraz metropolitan with rich cultural- historical backgrounds and possesses historical landscapes has high potential to attract domestic and foreign tourists. However this city can’t use so much from this industry as a source of income. Several factors are involved in this issue، disproportion land uses around the collection of Zandieh that have world-renowned، can including these factors. It is seem to be the main causes for this incompatibility، for good performance of this landuses، with locating Incompatible landuses within radius of Zandieh series use the agglomeration of population in this part of city and they were neglected from being incompatibile of this landuses with series of Zandiyeh artefacts. This study was done with aims to assess appropriateness of land uses in old contexts of Shiraz with an emphasis on the Zandieh collection which according to the nature of research used descriptive - analytical method. Results indicate that the land uses around this monuments haven’t good appropriateness which with giving help from GIS can provide suitable condition for analyzing current situation of land uses around Zandieh collection.

The establishment and development of industrial and free- trade zones have ever brought about a number of economic، commercial، and industrial benefits. The development of South Pars Special Economic Energy Zone in the last decade، and following the policy of increasing efficiency in the common area with Qatar، other aspects of economic development in Kangan Township have received little attention. Based on the priorities of clean development mechanism (CDM) and sustainable، comprehensive and strategic planning for a variety of activities، the ecological approach to tourism development is essential in the region. In this paper، using the method of analysis of speech recognition، library studies، review field analytical techniques (SWOT) and network analysis (ANP)، through evaluating the geographic potentialities of the area in the field of tourism، we have described feasibility and prioritization of tourism development in Kangan Township. The area’s tourism analysis results in economic، socio - cultural، ecological techniques in Swat (WT)، (WO)، (SO) and (ST) performed the final show of strength with a total weight of 25 / 1 and internal factors (S / W)، with a rated weight of 11/2. Based on the results (SWOT)، Strategies of Defense (Mini-Min)، aggressive (peak - peak)، ST (Maxi-Min)، and adaptive (minimum - maximum) were presented. Then، according to the characteristics and properties of ANP، regional tourism data، classified information and the conceptual model of ANP were prepared. ANP model is based on the priorities - Kangan township tourism package includes 3 spikes (measure / group) and 11 options (the Group) were generated using the Super Decisions software. The data showed that the highest priority in terms of the types of tourism belongs to historical and cultural tourism (normalized score of 0. 474)، and coastal tourism (normalized score of 0. 236). The highest priorities of tourist sites (clusters) belong to the ancient city of Siraf (normalized score of 0. 486)، mangrove (normalized score of 0. 283)، and the South Pars / tourism industries (normalized score of 0. 147)، respectively.

Many researchers associated with the monuments, and ancient documents consider inscriptions as documents which can help considerably to explore and review social, economic, political, cultural, and artistic situations, and consequently to recognize national identity of communities. It could also be documented to resolve past ambiguities of human societies. Inscriptions establish a lasting identity for the history and culture of human societies. This paper was aimed at paving the way for achieving more comprehensive understanding of Islamic-national identity of Iranian during Ilkhani era by reading and reviewing the decorative Kofi and Sols inscriptions in the tomb monument Pirbakran. The method of this research was descriptive and analytical based on library, document and field studies of inscriptions on the tomb Pirbakran, 30 kilometers southwest of Isfahan. After a brief introduction of the building, the history of its construction, and the location of the Pirbakran tomb inscriptions were marked in its architecture map. Then by using imaging instruments (from 2006 to 2011), some examples of inscriptions were read and recorded. The results of this study revealed that "Pirbakran tomb inscriptions" contained extremely valuable concepts and contents which should be considered further as a valid cultural heritage to protect and develop the Iranian Islamic identity.

The present article studies researches conducted over the field of child friendly cities، especially in Europe، from 1980 onwards. Those researches are mostly about the allocation of the right of citizenship to children and satisfying their needs. The Child-Friendly City (CFC) is today on top of agenda of decision makers over urban affairs. This is particularly important when considering that the world’s population of children in urban areas of developing countries is on the rise. The present article specifically tries to study the chances of children to have a share in making their own environment and highlights their ideas on that front. What further increases the significance of this is the fact that the CFC project is mainly about creating opportunities for children in order to shape or change the environment around them. In recent years، many studies have been carried out in developed countries about CFC. For the first time in 2007، UNICEF identified Bendigo in Australia as the first city in which the CFC project was successfully implemented. Bendigo was in fact identified as a city in which children’s rights had been catered for as an important priority in urban planning issues. In Iran، the issue of protecting children’s rights in urban planning is almost a new concept. The first important measure to that effect may have been taken by UNICEF after Bam earthquake in southern Iran. Nevertheless، it was only in 2000 when Evaz city in Fars province was chosen as a CFC project in Iran (Esmaeilzadeh Kavaki، 2011، 146). Shiyeh for first time in Iran wrote a book entitle “Prepare City for Children” in which the need for considering suitable urban spaces for children was addressed as well as how to deal with children’s needs. The methodology adopted for doing the present research is descriptive and analytical and is also based on library surveys and field studies. The research envisaged group conversation methodology and careful attention was paid to children’s ideas about Quchan، a city in northeastern Iran، and their living conditions in the environment around them. Also، a goal group was used to assess the results based on CFC norms. The present article will try to answer the following question: From the viewpoint of children، what should an ideal city look like? This question is based on the assumption that CFC allows children to have a share in designing their ideal city. To find the answer to the above question for the case of Quchan، the researchers tried to use control analysis and group conversation. The researchers also used questionnaires as well as paintings by children and even interviewed them. A goal group was used to obtain more precise descriptions of the expectations of children for an ideal city and those expectations were used to design a CFC model for Quchan. The participants in the research were 40 children between 9 to 11 years old from Meraji elementary school in Quchan. The children were randomly selected. The first activity was interviewing the children. Also، instead of increasing the number of participants، the researchers tried to assess the results of studies and interviews with a goal group. The present study shows that Quchan is in the first levels of CFC. Some 64 percent of children believe that so many trees، green space and children’s game equipment must be installed in their neighborhoods. As a result، the research revealed that it is necessary to consider children’s participation in designing the city environments. Analysis of results also showed that it is necessary for state organizations and municipality to take administrative and operational strategies for the realization of CFC objectives by considering children’s expectations of an ideal city structure. Interestingly، most of the children in their paintings have drawn a neighborhood full of trees and beautiful natural landscape free from any form of air pollution. They also used signs and symbols that portrayed their neighborhoods as a safe area. This may be an indication of a lack of safety for children in areas under study in Quchan. Some children even drew in their paintings of an ideal city a special place for children’s cinema to show movies for children. The results of the questionnaires showed that only 32% of children go to school on foot and 46% with school bus or other transport means. The rest showed in their questionnaires that go to school with their parent cars. Nevertheless، they described this as a very disturbing issue because the children prefer going to school with school bus. Results of the study revealed more dimensions about what needs to be done with regards to implementing a successful CFC model in Quchan. The study also showed that domestic and international organizations like UNICEF and the Center for Intellectual Development of Children of Iran can play a key role in the establishment of a CFC project. Nevertheless، Iran currently lacks any specific action plan for the implementation of a CFC project in cities. In fact، most cities like Quchan are in elementary levels of moving toward CFC ideals.

The blow of winds and the movement of sands in sistan region is dependent on direction, speed and continuance of 120 days winds. Principally the first premise is that in sistan region the physical structure of human settlement (rural and urban) should harmonies with adapting condition of 120 days winds. This article focuses on investigation of adaptation of physical development of sandstorms in Tambaka village. The research method in this article is description – analytical, based on observation and field survey. Therefore, Tambaka village and its surrounding has been consider as case study in this regard. Required data and information are obtained directly from the region during the monthly and annual periods. Some of the previous data and information are analyzed based on the field experiences of the authors in the region and then are adapted to current condition. The result of studies shows that in sistan region many of the villages are located in the of sandstorms direction. One of these villages is Tambaka village. Our initial studies show that the local pattern of this village is harmonic with sand flow and also in the first six months of 2010 new texture of the village had 69 m3 sand accumulation. Thus, local pattern of the village is in harmony with the dominant climate of the region, especially movement of arranged and Aeolian sand shape. This pattern reflects the experience and knowledge of inhabitants of the village. Thus the valuable local experiences in comparison with the movement of the flow sand can suggest new fields of study to the organizer and heads of rural and urban affairs.

The landscape of public places plays a crucial role in creation of an efficient urban system as well as urban development in any community. The development of public places in cities, whether from the viewpoint of quality or quantity, will only be efficient and feasible when priorities for current urban issues are determined. A more sound approach on that requires using people’s opinions - as inhabitants of urban spaces - as well as modern scientific methods. Considering that various viewpoints exist with regards to urban priorities and that any decision over urban issues should consider all priorities, the present article tries to identify and evaluate the priorities and approaches for designing public urban places in Assalouyeh.To obtain more accurate findings, the model of Analytic Network Process (ANP) has been applied in the related research.The research is based on a descriptive-analytic approach and uses library resources and field studies. It also uses primary research techniques like interviews with officials from related organizations and istributing questionnaires. The target area is a main park in Assalouyeh, a central street, the traditional bazaar as well as six other urban areas. The first step involved identifying the most important issues relating to urban landscape of public spaces through library resources,interviews and questionnaires. In the next step, the collected data was categorized by considering the features of the ANP model and the issues of Assalouyeh. Accordingly, a conceptual ANP model was prepared which comprised three clusters (criteria/group), and nine options (node/sub-categories). These were carried out by using Super Decisions software. In a further step, the results of field studies were analyzed. The results were presented through charts and diagrams as well as raw written data. Considering the high volume of the investigations, only some findings have been mentioned in the present article. Nevertheless, results show that the highest priorities over designing urban landscape of public spaces in Assalouyeh were related to the nodes of Art Wall (normalized score 0. 513, intuitive cluster priorities), Market and Dolat Street (normalized score 0.544, clusters of public space) and Urban Furniture (normalized score 0.684, the physical structure of clusters - physical) in clusters of three stars. Accordingly, the strategies for designing rban landscapes of public spaces in Assalouyeh were determined based on the comparison of clusters and nodes and the priorities involved. For this, the features of the Urban Furniture, the public space view of buildings and the bazaar, the Dolat Street as well as the Art Wall of the Jomhori Islami were taken into serious consideration.