alavi

“Criminalization”, as one of the important tools of criminal policy, expresses a process by which criminal behavior is described and the state’s criminal intervention is justified within that framework. One of the important issues in criminal law is “criminalization and its extent”. A new approach to the use of the penal system was formed due to the failure of the punishment system to deal with delinquency and its undesirable functions, including the restriction of individual freedoms, imposing a lot of costs on the government and disrupting the judicial system. It is attempted in this approach to minimize criminal intervention and prioritize the use of non-criminal methods. The present study, using a descriptive and analytical method, examines the fundamentals of the minimal criminalization approach in criminal jurisprudence based on the “principle of minimal criminal law” (the principle of minimum intervention) as the most important principle in this type of criminalization and has reached the conclusion that issues such as the “principle of permissibility” (Arabic: اصاله الإباحه), “principle of presumption of innocence” (Arabic: اصاله البرائه), “the principle of non-guardianship and domination” (no one is presumed to have the position of a guardian over another person), and “the principle of attention to morality” can be considered as the fundamentals of the minimal approach of criminalization in criminal jurisprudence.

Short texts of social media like Twitter provide a lot of information about hot topics and public opinions. For better understanding of such information, topic detection and tracking is essential. In many of the available studies in this field, the number of topics must be specified beforehand and cannot be changed during time. From this perspective, these methods are not suitable for increasing and dynamic data. In addition, non-parametric topic evolution models lack appropriate performance on short texts due to the lack of sufficient data. In this paper, we present a new evolutionary clustering algorithm, which is implicitly inspired by the distance-dependent Chinese Restaurant Process (dd-CRP). In the proposed method, to solve the data sparsity problem, social networking information along with textual similarity has been used to improve the similarity evaluation between the tweets. In addition, in the proposed method, unlike most methods in this field, the number of clusters is calculated automatically. In fact, in this method, the tweets are connected with a probability proportional to their similarity, and a collection of these connections constitutes a topic. To speed up the implementation of the algorithm, we use a cluster-based summarization method. The method is evaluated on a real data set collected over two and a half months from the Twitter social network. Evaluation is performed by clustering the texts and comparing the clusters. The results of the evaluations show that the proposed method has a better coherence compared to other methods, and can be effectively used for topic detection from social media short texts.

Identifying the rainfall characteristics and understanding the rainfall-related processes is one of the key factors in the scientific management of water resources. Selection of the design storm is the first step in the estimation of the design flood. Determining temporal rainfall patterns is very important as one of the design rainfall properties in flood estimation and the design of drainage systems. This study was concerned with the pattern of rainfall depth during its occurrence at the Dez dam station. In order to plot Huff curves in the Dez dam station, the recorded data of the rain gauge was used. For this purpose, all 280 storms from 1972 to 2016 in different seasons were classified into the five distinct classes including i) 0-2 hours, ii) 2-6 hours, iii) 6-12 hours, iv) 12-24 hours, and v) more than 24 hours. Furthermore, for each class and in each of the seasons, the Huff curves were plotted using all storms information single class. Moreover, for the considered station, all recorded events were considered in a single class and the general Huff curve was plotted using the probability of 50%. In general, the highest number of storms in the Dez dam (about 32.9%) was grouped in the second quartile. However, it was about 55, 48.5 and 50.4 percent in the case of short storms (0-2 hours) for spring, autumn and winter, respectively. In contrast, low percentages were obtained for the rainfalls having long durations. The Logistic equation was extracted for all Huff curves. These curves would be useful in efficient water resources management. The value of the correlation coefficient between the amounts obtained from the Logistic model and the corresponding values extracted from the curves was more than 0.99, which was significant in 1 percent.

The main habitat of Chavil, Ferulago angulata, in Iran is Zagros area. This plant has a rejuvenating effect and is used to treat digestive diseases and intestinal worms. Because the different explants show different amounts of callogenesis under the effect of different growth regulators, selection of an optimal explant and suitable plant growth regulators combination has a significant effect on the production of callus and their suspension culture. There is no reports on Ferulago angulata callogenesis and its cell suspension culture. Therefore, this study was designed and implemented to optimize callus production and cell suspension culture in this important medicinal plant.

Seeds of Chavil were collected from four different habitats in Kohgilooyeh and BoyerAhmad Province in Southwest of Iran include Abenahr, Guayoune, Vezg and Sisakhat. Seedlings obtained from embryo culture were used to prepare the explants. Various explants (leaf, root and stem) were cultured on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 mgl-1) of NAA and BAP. Callus traits were evaluated and from the best culture medium, the best explants and the best PGRs composition for callogenesis of each ecotype were used to cell suspension culture. In order to study the growth rate of cells in suspension culture and plotting the curve of cells growth, two cell density indices and packed cell volume index were evaluated. To determine the cell density index, every 3 days, 10 ml of cell suspension were transferred to the graded falcon and centrifuged at 5000 g for 5 minutes, and the percentage of sediment cells was calculated as the total volume. To determine the packed cell volume index, also every 3 days, 10 ml of culture medium containing cells were transferred to the graded falcon and stored for 30 minutes to precipitate cells and cell masses. Finally, the cell volume was recorded and was calculated as percentage of the total collected medium.

According to the callogenesis percentage, the best ecotype is Abenahr and best explant is leaf explant. The highest level of NAA is 2 mgl-1, and the best level of BAP is 2 mgl-1, which causes 100 callogenesis percentage. The best medium for cell suspension culture is MS medium containing 2 mgl-1 NAA and 0.5 mgl-1 BAP for callus was obtained from leaf explant of Abenahr ecotype. Along with these plant growth regulators, 2,4-D was used in combination with BAP to form suspension culture. The results also showed that 2 mgl-1 2,4-D plus 0.5 mgl-1 BAP were useful in producing suspensions. The difference between 2,4-D +BAP and NAA + BAP combinations more cell volumes were observed, and cell suspension was created at a faster rate and in less time, which is an advantage in research work. Growth rate of cell suspension originated from the leaf explant was higher than root explant. In terms of culturing cell suspension, the Abenahr ecotype was favorable compared to other ecotypes. During cell suppression culture of Cyperus aromaticus by applying different levels of NAA, cell growth was increased up to 3 weeks after application, and then decreased. By applying 2,4-D, cell growth also increased until the third week, and after the third week, cell growth declined, which was very low growth rate compared with the NAA. In cell suspension culture of sugar beet, using 2,4-D was much more effective than NAA on all explants. In the present study, 2,4-D was also more effective than NAA for cell suspension culture of Chavil.

In general, the Abenahr was the best ecotype among of investigated. The explants in both callus culture and the suspension culture, and the best combination of plant growth regulator in both culture was 2 mgl-1 NAA plus 0.5 mgl-1 BAP.

Today, in the development planning process, identifying and explaining the level of awareness of strengths and weaknesses and areas of development is very important, Contact the transportation sector because, among other key sectors in the development of numerous sectors. Therefore, this study is conducted aimed at leveling the development of the criteria of road transportation. This research targeting practical and descriptive-analytic methodology in terms. Where the method is used surveys of experts and library studies. Statistical population all the cities in Khuzestan Province That of road transportation using the model parameters were evaluated PROMETHEE and GAIA analysis. ANP model is used for weighting the indices. Based on the results of 24 city of the province, two city is very enjoys city, 3 city is enjoys city, 5 cities relatively enjoys, 6 cities is inappropriate and 8 cities is quite inappropriate development. Khorramshahr city with Phi (592/0) and city Bavi with Phi (412 / 0- ) in the first rank, come last. Overall, the results indicate that a wide gap between the townships terms of indicators of road transport there.

Pyrolysis is an applicable method that has been widely used to recover hydrocarbons from Used Lubricating Oil (ULO). However, large-scale application of this approach has been limited by its noticeably energy and time consuming nature. In the present research, it has been attempted to modify the energy and time requirements of ULO pyrolysis using the catalytic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The impacts of γ-Al2O3, γ-Fe2O3 and ZnO NPs on the kinetic features of ULO pyrolysis were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic parameters of the pyrolysis process were calculated based on Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozava (FWO) models. The activation energy of virgin ULO pyrolysis had been calculated to be 161.505 and 162.087 kJ/mol using KAS and FWO models, respectively. However, in the present work, utilization of γ-Fe2O3 NPs significantly reduced the activation energy of ULO pyrolysis to 133.511 and 138.289 kJ/mol through KAS and FWO models, respectively. The catalytic effect of ZnO NPs was not as noticeable as that of γ-Fe2O3 NPs, resulting in activation energies of 155.568 and 158.501 kJ/mol using KAS and FWO models, respectively. Moreover, based on the results of this study, γ-Al2O3 NPs had no significant impact on the kinetics of ULO pyrolysis.

In this paper, a new method is proposed for DOA estimation of correlated acoustic signals, in the presence of unknown spatial correlation noise. By generating a matrix from the signal subspace with the Hankel-SVD method, the correlated resource information is extracted from each eigen-vector. Then a joint-diagonalization  structure is constructed of the signal subspace and basis it, independent linear component, related to sources are recovered. Simulation results and comparisons with other commonly presented methods show the capability of this algorithm in low signal-to-noise ratio and close sources.

Patulin is commonly produced in apples in unsuitable postharvest or storage conditions and has pasteurization temperature resistance. Some probiotic strains are capable of binding with patulin and remove it from apple juice. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of adding Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC1643 and Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC1058 on reduction of patulin content in apple juice. Seven variables (probiotic strain, inoculum size, fructooligosaccharide content, inulin concentration, patulin content, ascorbic acid and citric acid concentration) were defined in two levels and Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the impact of variables on efficiency of patulin removal. Apple juice samples were pasteurized and were then inoculated and kept in the refrigerator for 42 days. The pH value, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, patulin content and viability of probiotics were analyzed on the first day (week 0) and every week during refrigerated storage. Fructooligosaccharide content and ascorbic acid concentration were determined as more effective variables on patulin removal from apple juice. Inserting 108 and 1010 cfu/ml Lactobacillus plantarum to apple juice can reduce 85.23% and 91.23% of initial patulin content, respectively. Both Lactobacillus acidophilus PTCC1643 and Lactobacillus plantarum PTCC1058 have the capacity of PAT removal from apple juice, but percent of removal depends on environment conditions. The highest percent of patulin removal caused during one day after inoculation of probiotic strains.

Information about the spatial patterns of soil biodiversity and understanding the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem processes are limited. This study was conducted to determine whether biodiversity of soil macrofauna features demonstrate spatial patterns in the Populus deltoides plantation in north of Iran. 150 soil samples were taken using a grid sample of 40 × 40 m. Soil macrofaunawere sampled by digging and hand sorting two 50 × 50 cm areas into a depth of 20 cm in each treatment.Abundance (the number of macrofauna) diversity (Shannon-Weiner index), richness (Menhinick index) and evenness (Smith–Wilson index) were calculated using geostatistics (variogram) in order to describe and quantify the spatial continuity. Some soil chemical and physical properties were determined. The variograms of variable revealed the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The range of influence was 710.9 m for abundance, 650.3 m for diversity, 720.90 m for richness and 410.9 m for evenness. The kriging maps indicated that the soil macrofauna have spatial variability. Moreover, the spatial pattern of macrofauna biomass is similar to the pattern of clay and pH of soil.

By determining the environmental factors affecting the plant species in a particular site, the presence of the species in the site can be predicted. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of Buxus to environmental variables individually and to extract its ecological optimum and amplitude in relation to the most important environmental factors using HOF function. This study has been done in the major sites of Buxus hyrcana in the Hyrcanian forests. 834 sample plots (400 m2) were established by systematic-selective method and within each plot, the presence of this species, topographic factors and some soil variables were recorded and measured. Fitting the response curve to the environmental variables with HOF function showed that pH, altitude, and clay were the most important variables on the performance of box tree. The results of this study showed that the response curves of Buxus species relative to the elevation and clay are unimodal and right-skewed, for sand variable is left- skewed, for nitrogen is symmetric and for the remaining variables are monotonically increasing or decreasing. The general conclusion based on the ecological optimum amount for each variable showed that the Buxus tree is lime- and moisture-demanding species, which is present in low altitudes, steep slopes and light soils with high nitrogen content. Since simultaneously more than one factor affects the behavior of species, it is recommended that the shape of the Buxus response curve is studied by taking into account the environmental variables in combination and by using other models.

The studied area located at the main suture zone of Zagros in the northeastern of Kermanshah. To do structural analysis in this area, six structural sections have been drawn perpendicular to structures direction. Structures and faults with different mechanism show that the studied area has passed two tectonic phases from Cretaceous up to present. The first phase which is a Compression phase, started from Cretaceous and lasted until Miocene. The created faults in this phase are thrusts with vast displacements in which the Main Zagros Thrust is the most important one of them. The second tectonic phase which is very young and active acts as a Transpressional system. The main structures created in second phase are dextral faults of Mianrahan and Sahne. These tow faults are part of Main Recent Fault and created some secondary structures such as Dinevar pull apart and flower structure on Sahne fault. Finally structural evolution model of the area has been expressed in six steps according to the relation among the structures and layers with different ages. During these steps, faults with the same dirctions but different mechanism have been created which demonstrates the counterclockwise rotation of stress axis σ1 since Cretaceous.

Investigating the relationship between distribution of plant species and environmental factors is one of the main issues in plant ecology. Habitat suitability or species distribution models, are defined as statistical analysis algorithms which relates species data to the environmental predictor variables. This study aims at predicting the habitat suitability of Wych elm species in Kheyroud forest using Maxent model. Wych elm is one of the most invaluable native species in Hyrcanian forest. However, due to the outbreak of Dutch elm disease in recent decades and illegal cutting of this species, its dominance has been significantly decreased. Therefore, the primary and secondary topographic attributes derived from digital elevation model with 12.5 m resolution along with soil characteristics, soil fertility, and geology maps, were extracted at each Wych elm location. Using selective sampling and inventory data, 873 Wych elm individuals were recorded. The results showed that Maxent model has a high potential to predict the suitable habitats for Wych elm based on AUC criterion. Altitude and valley depth were the most important variables in determining the habitat suitability for Wych elm species. Moreover, 32.57% of the study area has an acceptable potential for the presence of this species. Due to the optimal moisture, thermal, and topographic conditions in mid-lands, this area is the best habitat for this species in Kheyrod forest. The generated model can be used as a tool for the forest experts and managers to help conservation and rehabilitation of Wych elm in this forest.

Since in region of Khuzestan, different industrial wastewater, which mainly contain heavy metals, this research was carried out to investigate the efficiency of the artificial forging system under the cultivar of Vetiver, with vertical flow In the removal of lead and cadmium from industrial wastewater. In this study, culture mediums with a diameter of 60 and a height of 100 cm were used. The input concentration of cadmium and lead of waste water in the system was 20 and 50 mg/L, respectively. In this study evaluated, the effects of two depths of 45 and 70 cm, as well as remaining time of 5, 10 and 15 days and also removing efficiency, Bioconcentration factor and Translocation factor were examined in three replication and Duncan test. The results showed that concentrations of lead and cadmium metals were high in underground tissues of plant rather than aboveground tissues via accumulation in plant tissues, which could be due to the low mobility of these elements from root to aboveground tissues such as shoot and leaf. Also, the cadmium transfer index was more than lead, which indicates the high ability of the transfer of this metal in the plant.

Nurses in surgical wards frequently need to make prompt decisions for critically-ill patients. Therefore, they need to be professionally empowered to make sound decisions and provide quality care. This study aimed to explore barriers to the promotion of nurses’ professional empowerment from the Perspectives of Nurses working in Surgical Ward of Kashan Shahid-Beheshti hospital. In this exploratory-descriptive qualitative study, 15 nurses working in the surgical ward, Kashan University of Medical Sciences Hospital, Iran were selected by purposeful sampling with maximum variability. Data were collected through fifteen in-depth semi-structured interviews from December to February 2018. The data were analyzed via conventional content analyses. Data analysis led to the identification of the main theme as "imposed and learned powerlessness." Participants in this study identified imposed and learned powerlessness as an important challenge in achieving professional empowerment. This main theme consists of the three main categories of low professional competence, lack of professional support, and shortage of resources. Surgical nurses in Iran are confronted with numerous challenges in achieving professional empowerment. Therefore, the professional empowerment of nurses in the surgical department should be enhanced by providing opportunities for achieving clinical knowledge and skills. Considering the role of nurses as an effective indicator on the quality of patient care and safety, the need for powerful professional organizations to professional support of nurses, nurses' recognition, and full description of the nursing realms and the clarification of job tasks is necessary.

Considering the role of organic carbon in soil management and sustainability, the prediction of the organic carbon of soil at regional, national and global scale is of great importance. Along with the prediction of organic carbon, zoning is also effective as a way to select the appropriate strategy for controlling this element and make appropriate decisions inmanaging and preventing environmental disasters.The purpose of this research is to predict and zonethe organic carbon of soil based on primary and secondary topographic variables using artificial neural network. For this purpose, 127 circular sample plots,with an area of 1000 square meters,were harvested from the educational and research forest of Natural Resources Faculty of TarbiatModarres University following a systematically randomized procedure. At the center of each sample plot, a soil sample was taken from a depth of 0-10 cm. In addition to measuring the organic carbon from thecollected samples, the primary and secondary topographic variables of the area were calculated on the basis of the digital elevation model and finally, using artificial neural network and multivariate regression, the storage model of the organic carbon was created. The aforementioned models were evaluated using R2 and RMSE criteria. The results showed that the artificial neural network model with a capacity to justify 76% of the changes in the organic carbon of soil has a better performance in comparison to the multivariate regression model with a capacity to justify 26% of the amount of changes. In addition, plan curvature, curvature and slope indices have the greatest impact on the changes in the organic carbon of soil and together justify 90% of the changesin organic carbon.

An efficient synthesis of benzopyranophenazines has been presented by one-pot four-component reaction of hydroxynaphthoquinone, o-phenylenediamine, benzaldehydes and malononitrile with graphene oxide dichlorotriazine (GO-DCT) as an efficient nanocatalyst under microwave irradiation in ethanol. The catalyst has been characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Atom economy, experimental simplicity, wide range of products, low amount of catalyst loading, the reusability of the catalyst, excellent yields in short reaction times and applying the microwave methodology as an efficient and green method are some of the substantial features of this method.

An efficient synthesis of 4,4'-(phenylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrazol-5-ol)-3-carboxylates is achieved by one pot pseudo five-component reaction of phenylhydrazine, acetylenedicarboxylates and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 at 60°C in water. Nano-NiZr4(PO4)6 has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Use of simple and readily available starting materials, excellent yields in short times, reusability of the catalyst, little catalyst loading and simple operational procedures are some of the important features of this protocol.

The preparation of trans-dihydrofurans has been achieved by a one-pot condensation reaction of 4-bromophenacyl bromide, aromatic aldehydes and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione using biosynthesized CuO nanoparticles under reflux conditions in ethanol. CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared using extract of leaves of Ajuga chamaecistus Subsp. Scoparia. The key advantages of this process are the diastereoselective synthesis, reusability of the catalyst, low catalyst loading, excellent yields, short reaction times, simple workup and environmentally benign. Fully optimized structures of trans and cis dihydrofurans were obtained by B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The structures of the prepared trans-2,3-dihydrofurans were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, IR spectra, and elemental analysis.

Identifying resources and existing potentials, the first step is assessment each planning. Without specifying the sources, would not be possible to identify the parameters related to regional planning. This area can be a town or village or collection of the city and the village. Natural and human factors is a major barrier in developing regions, Given that natural factors are somewhat out of control, The human factor and human decisions are the most important factor in development. Human decisions can only guarantee growth and development of the status quo have sufficient knowledge of the region. Hence the present study the purpose of have been carried Feasibility Study of Civil coefficient of city village’s civil coefficient of heat using techniques. With regard to factors examined, the dominant approach in this research is descriptive analysis. Statistical population study is villages with more than 300 people, a Grammy city. Indicators of included is the demographic situation, health, Cultural and sports, education, enforcement, infrastructure, services and trade, communication and transportation. The results show that the village Ghareaghaj Civil down by a factor of 667/6 Civil coefficient of very high and village lekvan development coefficient of 108/0 with a very low coefficient of their civil. A total of 45 villages studied, of 18 villages civil coefficient the extremely low, Low of 20 village Civil coefficient of low, 6 village development coefficient high and 1 village of Civil coefficient is very high.

Golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and leaping mullet (Liza saliens) are two species from Mugilidae which inhabit the Caspian Sea. Despite the difference in the number of Pyloric caeca, lateral line scale, and gill rakers, diagnosis between two species regarding morphological plasticity is relatively difficult. In this experimental study, in addition to access previous morphological diagnostic characters, 31 morphometric and 10 meristic characters were surveyed. Also, COI gene sequence used to confirm accurate identification of these two commercial species in the Caspian Sea. In this way 25 samples were used for biometry. Samples were collected from Nur and Anzali cities beach sein fishing center in autumn and winter 2016. Among surveyed morphological characters, 3 meristic and 15 morphometric characters revealed a significant difference (p<0.05), respectively. Regarding the principal component analysis (PCA) results, Pre-pectoral fin length, Pelvic fin length, Anal fin base length, Caudal peduncle width, Anal fin height and Head width, within Morphometric characters and Second dorsal fin rays, lateral line scale number, number of Gill rackers and Pyloric caeca were among meristic characters which reveals highest load factor (>0.7) in discrimination of two species specimens. Regarding genetic distances, the between-group distance estimated 40bp (6.8%) or 0.078 K2P that well agreed with morphological identification. Results revealed the application of more morphological characters in the diagnosis of two Mullet species in the Caspian sea which could be useful in completing identification keys.

Due to global climate change, climate change in Iran is inevitable and the results of the climate studies clearly show that the Hyrcanian climate has been warmer over the past 50 years. In this research, the current and future distribution of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was studied using an ensemble method including five different species distribution models. We used five general circulation models under four existing reprehensive concentration pathway (RCPs) to project the impact of climate change on the distribution of oriental beech by 2070. Also, the stable, gained and lost suitable habitat of oriental beech were determined using range size change analyses under climate change. The results showed that the area of suitable habitats with high certainty would be decreased by 72.79% and 89.88% under RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5, respectively, by 2070. The results of the range size analyses of oriental beech showed only 24.84% of suitable habitat would remain in the most optimistic condition (RCP 2.6) and stable the suitable habitat would decrease by 7.13% under RCP 8.5 by 2070. Also the lowest and highest rate of suitable habitats lost will be by 72.79% and 89.85% under RCP2.6 and RCP 8.5, respectively, by 2070. It is suggested that the climate change impacts should be considered in the management decisions and conservation plans related to the oriental beech in the Hyrcanian forests

Nurses, who are considered to be the largest group of professional health care providers, face the challenge of maintaining, promoting, and providing quality nursing care. Among the factors affecting nursing performance, self-efficacy has been expected to have the greatest influence. However, the perception of caring self- efficacy was not considered in pediatric wards nurses and no research has been done in this field in Iran. This study was conducted to survey the perception of caring self-efficacy by pediatric wards nurses.
In this descriptive-analytic study in 2015, 348 nurses, working in pediatric wards in Isfahan, Shahr-e Kord, Shiraz, BaghMalek and Izeh, were selected through simple sampling. The data were collected using pediatric caring self-efficacy instrument which was developed during an Instrument-making process by researchers. The concurrent validity of this tool was measured with Sherer's general self-efficacy questionnaire (r = 0.72); Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was measured at 0.96; and the consistency of this instrument was measured at 0.97. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytical statistics, with SPSS v.18.
The results of this study showed that pediatric nurses have a good caring self-efficacy perception. According to the results, factors such as gender, nurses 'interest in working in the children wards, and also nurse's satisfaction had a significant correlation with average score caring self-efficacy (P This study can determine issues and topics to increase pediatric nurses’ caring self- efficacy perception and can be used as a guide for designing training courses for nurses in children's departments.

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have gained a lot of attention in drug delivery systems because they can control a drug pathway to deliver it to the specific site under a magnetic field which is related to their magnetic core and surface coating. Chitosan-coated FeNPs, have prominent antimicrobial and biological properties that make chitosan a promising biopolymer for drug delivery application, especially in cancer treatment. In this research, FeNPs were green synthesized using the aqueous extract of Carum carvi L. and under optimum conditions. Formation of FeNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and SEM. Also, chitosan-coated FeNPs were synthesized to increased biocompatibility and the absorption capacity of nanoparticles. Chitosan coating on FeNPs was detected by FTIR. After the production of nano-absorbent, the maximum absorbance of different concentrations of doxorubicin was determined. The effect of pH was investigated on the absorption of doxorubicin in maximum absorbance at pH 3-10 by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results obtained from the characterization of FeNPs showed they are spherical particles with less than 300 nm in size. The maximum absorbance of different concentrations of doxorubicin was in 280 nm. Doxorubicin showed maximum absorption at pH 7. This green biosynthesis method has been found to be eco-friendly, cost-effective and promising for different applications. The seeds extract of Carum carvi L. have a great ability to reduce Fe ions to FeNPs. Also, doxorubicin loaded chitosan-coated FeNPs can successfully use in drug delivery systems

Despite hydrocarbon importance of the Dezful Embayment, there is no systematic study on generation of its structures. This study aims the folding style and stages of progressive deformation, revealed based on 5 interpreted horizons, from top Kangan to top Gachsaran Member-6, on 15 seismic profiles in the Marun and Kupal anticlines. Results show that at first stage of folding harmonic and similar fold has been formed, then with the increasing deformation the faults have been generated. In addition, wavelength and shape of folds in younger Formations, Mishan and Aghajari, are different from those of older pre-Gachsaran Formations. This evidence confirms that Gachsaran has been acted as a major detachment from the early stages of folding. Long gently dipping backlimb and short gently dipping forelimb exhibit that a regional slope of layers has been existed before inception of folding. During the progressive deformation, primary gentle symmetric folds with rounded hinge areas have been changed into open asymmetric folds with angular hinge zones. With deformation increasing, Triassic Dashtak evaporative unit is activated first as a middle detachment level. Then, in further stages of deformation, Lower Cretaceous shale, Garu Formation, has been activated. Based on the available data, folding style in the Marun and Kupal anticlines is of faulted detachment folding type, with limb rotation fold growth kinematic mechanism that changed into a combination of limb rotation and hinge migration with increased deformation. The Kupal anticline exhibits more simple deformation in comparison with the Marun anticline. Thus, it seems that the Kupal shows us previous stages of deformation in the Marun anticline.

An educational robot is described, which is designed and constructed for use in the laboratory of Principles of Electrical Engineering. The discrete nature of design, conforming to a simple block strategy, allows fairly easy introduction of basic and fundamental concepts of Electrical Engineering to the freshman students, including control, actuation, wireless signal transmission, and analogue/digital conversions. Each block or module represents one or few engineering ideas, and helps the students to understand the interplay and connection between system divisions, and enhance their creative thinking. Circuits are designed and implemented that both the structure and functionality of each module are clearly presented. Inputs and outputs as well as major signals can be traced and measured through several test points