ali jafari

News media refers to those elements of mass media that gather, assess, create and communicate news and information to a target or general public. These include print media, broadcast news, and the internet. In this age of information explosion, ethical journalism is fueled by necessity to ensure that journalists stay true and maintain a sense of truth and justice to benefit the society as a whole. Based on qualitative methods including library research, content analysis and comparative analysis and through mapping the current system of journalism ethics presented by the West, this research seeks to explore journalism ethics from the viewpoint of Nahjul Balagha. The study does not support to offer a final code of ethics for Islamic journalism, however, relying on Islamic ethics, this research seeks to fill a void in the reform of a journalistic code of ethics based on the high-quality and rich moral and spiritual teachings of Nahjul Balagha.

Moyamoya disease is a condition caused by the obstruction of intracranial vessels, which can lead to ischemic or hemorrhagic vascular events. Most patients have underlying risk factors that contribute to the development of this vascular disease. This article presents a case of Moyamoya disease associated with esophageal achalasia in an 11-year-old boy with a family history of the condition. Comprehensive examinations of this patient did not reveal any complications other than achalasia as a risk factor.

Graph isomorphism is a central topic in graph theory, yet students often struggle to grasp its underlying principles. This study aimed to explore students' perceptions of graph isomorphism and identify the conceptual metaphors they employ when reasoning about this concept.

Using a two-stage qualitative research design, the study combined surveys and task-based interviews to collect data. The variation theory framework (Marton & Booth, 2013) was applied to analyze students' understanding and identify critical and superficial features in their reasoning.

The findings revealed that students frequently focus on superficial features, such as the equality of the number of vertices and edges, while overlooking critical features like bijective attributes. Additionally, the conceptual metaphors used by students were categorized into three main themes: Sameness, Sameness/Mapping, and Formal Definition. These metaphors reflect varying levels of conceptual understanding, with some students relying on intuitive notions of similarity and others employing more formal, mathematical definitions.

This study highlights the challenges students face in understanding graph isomorphism and underscores the importance of addressing both superficial and critical features in teaching. By identifying the conceptual metaphors students use, educators can develop targeted instructional strategies to bridge gaps in understanding and promote deeper conceptual learning.

The timeliness of information is very important to stakeholders, but recent changes in the regulatory environment have increased the difficulty of timely presentation of audited financial information. The purpose of this study is to provide an appropriate model for identifying the strategies and consequences of reducing the lag of audit reports.

The present study is the qualitative research and it is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of the nature of the implementation, and the information has been collected by library and field methods. The statistical population in the interview section was experts and professors who specialized in the field of auditing, and 20 people were selected as the sample by snowball method and after conducting semi-structured interviews with theme analysis, an appropriate model was drawn. For the acceptability of the presented model, a questionnaire with 12 questions with a 5-point Likert scale was developed and the statistical population to complete the questionnaire includes accounting and auditing specialists in 2024, which was selected as a sample of 250 people by random and Cochran method and finally, the presented model was approved.

The obtained results indicate that according to the factors of the lag in the audit report that are related to the company, the environment and the audit institute, according to the opinion of the experts, their proposed solutions for the lag in the auditor's report were presented. Also, the consequences of reducing the lag of the auditor's report were revealed to the stakeholders

One of the most commonly used conditions in contracts governed by common law is the condition subsequent, which refers to an event or circumstance that, if it occurs, terminates the obligation of one party to the other and creates a strong guarantee of enforcement. Nevertheless, it can be claimed that not only do none of Iran's jurisprudential institutions align or overlap with this condition, but no research can also be found in domestic scientific sources to explain this important condition. However, many of its functions in common law can be considered as a comprehensive individual between the condition of termination and the suspended right of termination in Imamiyyah jurisprudence, and the validity of stipulating such a condition in contracts can be proven based on the validity of these two concepts in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and civil law, supported by general and contractual principles such as the principle of validity and the principle of sovereignty of the will.The effects of the condition subsequent become clearer through a comparative study of cases, judicial rulings, and analyses by common law jurists. Accordingly, it can be argued that stipulating a condition subsequent in a contract imposes an obligation on the obligated party to take all necessary and reasonable actions to fulfill the condition and maintain the contractual relationship. The consequences of its non-fulfillment, depending on how the condition is stipulated in the contract, the intent of the parties, and the reason for its non-fulfillment, may result in the termination of the contract or the creation of a right of termination for one or both parties.

The lack of effective communication with parents in children's lives leads to weaker and more superficial parent-child interactions, and this weak interaction causes complex problems for the child in the future. The purpose of this research was to design a pattern of interactions between parents and students in pandemic conditions. The research method was of a mixed type (qualitative-quantitative) and the studied population included experts in the fields of psychology, educational sciences, sociology and communication and parents with student children in Tehran. In the qualitative part, based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 20 experts were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and in the quantitative part, according to the Cochran formula, 384 people were selected using the multi-stage sampling method. Data measurement tools were used in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, the parents' interaction questionnaire with the students, and in the data analysis, content analysis method, coding method, and structural equations were used. The results of the research indicate that interpersonal relationships, economy and cost management, health and education have an impact on parent-child interactions. The value of the beta coefficient of interpersonal relations is equal to 0.485, and the value of the beta coefficient related to the economy is equal to /745, the beta coefficient related to the third path is equal to 0.256, and the beta coefficient of the fourth path is equal to /487.

Today, conflict is an inseparable part of human life and its occurrence in an organization is inevitable, and management must control and manage moral conflict in the organization. The main goal of this research is to present the hegemonic model of auditors' social ethics conflict control using the foundational data theory design. In terms of purpose, this research is exploratory and of a qualitative research type, which was conducted using the data-based theory design. The research data was collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews until reaching theoretical saturation with 15 audit experts who were selected through the theoretical sampling method. The statistical population of the research is university faculty members who are continuously active in auditing, partners and technical managers of auditing institutions. The research data were analyzed during several stages of coding with the help of MaxQD software and separated into separate concepts and 20 general categories were obtained. In the framework of the paradigm model, a comprehensive hegemonic model of social ethics conflict control of auditors was developed, which includes 3 categories for the central phenomenon, 3 categories for causal conditions, 3 categories for strategies, 4 categories for background conditions, 4 categories for intervening conditions and 3 categories of consequences related to the central phenomenon of the research. The results of the research show that the three factors of personality traits, organizational virtue orientation and auditor's social identity play a major role in the emergence of auditors' social ethics conflict. Controlling the conflict of social ethics of independent auditors requires the collective efforts of competent professional authorities, legislative organizations and independent auditors at the individual level and at the level of the auditing institution

Choosing the correct and appropriate methods of agricultural operations reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas production in the emissions of agricultural crops. In this study, the amount of energy input, energy output, and greenhouse gas emissions of barley production in Nazarabad city of Alborz province were investigated. Various amounts of inputs and comprehensive information were collected at each stage from planting to harvesting through interviews and filling specialized questionnaires. Energy consumption and emissions were calculated using energy conversion coefficients and greenhouse gas emissions extracted from the sources. According to the obtained results, the average total energy consumption was 14443.16 MJ ha-1. The total global warming potential due to different activities in the farm was 650.77 kg equivalent of carbon dioxide per hectare. The highest emission of greenhouse gases was related to nitrogen fertilizer and diesel fuel. The indices of energy ratio, energy efficiency, energy intensity, and net energy gain were 5.03, 0.34 kg/MJ, 2.91 MJ/Kg, and 58348 MJ, respectively. Energy modeling was done with three methods decision tree regression, random forest regression, and enhanced gradient regression that, their correlation coefficients were 0.76, 0.79 and 0.76 respectively, and the root mean square errors were calculatd 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 respectively The results showed that the decision tree regression method is able to predict energy values more accurately. Sensitivity analysis was performed with SHAP and the most influential input on energy prediction was nitrogen fertilizer.

AbstractThe main goal of the research is to provide a model to identify and analyze the factors that determine the Audit Report Lag. The statistical population in the interview section were audit experts, and 20 people were selected as a sample using the snowball method, and after conducting a semi-structured interview with theme analysis, a suitable pattern was drawn. For the acceptability of the model, a questionnaire with 35 questions and a 5 point Likert scale was developed, and the statistical population to complete the questionnaire includes accounting and auditing professionals in 2024, which was selected by random and Cochrane method as a sample of 250 people. And finally, the presented model was approved. The results indicate that the delay of the audit report is related to the company, the environment and the audit institution, and the bases for controlling the delay in issuing the audit report should be provided. As a result, having a suitable model can provide the basis for its control so that it becomes useful for the beneficiaries.

Internal audit is an independent and impartial consulting and assurance activity in order to add value and improve the operations of an organization. The main purpose of this research is to validate the failure model of silence of internal auditors in Iranian companies. Based on the paradigm of positivism and the logic of deductive reasoning, this research has a quantitative approach and in terms of its purpose, it is an applied research, and in terms of its implementation, it is a descriptive-survey research and in terms of time, it is a type of cross-sectional research that It was done in 1402. The research community includes all the members of the audit committee, internal auditors, financial managers and heads of the accounting department of the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange and the Iran Foreign Exchange. A number of 500 people were selected as the statistical sample of the research through the structural equation modeling sample size calculator and using the simple random sampling method.The data of the research was collected using a questionnaire prepared based on the qualitative research findings of Esmaillu et al. (1402). Data analysis was done using SPSS and SmartPLS software. The findings of the research show that the causal conditions (organizational culture, management support, encouragement for training and innovation, adherence to the principles of professional behavior of internal auditors) on the failure of internal auditors' silence and the failure of internal auditors' silence on strategies (encouraging internal auditors to Participating in decisions and plans, giving the appropriate position to the internal audit unit, formulating transparent policies for reporting and handling) and strategies on audit outcomes (increasing transparency, improving reports, improving the risk management system) and improvement of the internal control system) has a positive effect

The content analysis of stakeholders' needs indicates that their primary and foundational needs in the financial information domain are to ensure the reliability of the audit process and the validity of the audit report. These needs are met when the audit operations are carried out with the necessary quality and sufficiency. Based on this, the aim of this research is to present a model for the credibility of audit reports for the first time in Iran.

This research is qualitative in approach, foundational in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of knowledge method, survey type in terms of time dimension, and cross-sectional. The statistical population includes professional audit experts. The necessary data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews using theoretical sampling method. And according to the grounded theory approach, they were analyzed using MAXQDA software.

The results indicate that the formation of the audit report credibility model was done within the paradigmatic model framework, showing that three factors - environmental conditions, responsiveness quality, and individual characteristics - influence the audit report credibility, and the added value of auditing is its main consequence.

Scientific added value: 

The credibility of the audit report is important for investors, stock exchanges, organizations, and other entities, as it helps them make decisions with more confidence. This credibility is influenced by various factors and has significant consequences. Therefore, in order to comprehensively examine the subject, the audit report credibility model was examined from various aspects.

This systematic review has been undertaken in order to assess the effects of hypocaloric, high-protein diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors such as serum lipid levels in metabolically healthy obese adults. The primary outcomes measured include changes in pre- and post- diet mean BMI, LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG, and TC levels. 

Four databases including: Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane and Web of Science were searched with no restrictions on language or publication period. Clinicaltrials.gov was also searched in order to identify unpublished or on-going studies.

Three of four studies included in this systematic review noted a significantly greater loss in pre- and post- diet mean BMI levels in the hypocaloric, high-protein diet group as compared to hypocaloric, non-high protein diets (control). Whilst pre- and post-diet mean LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG, and TC levels did not differ significantly among hypocaloric, high-protein and control diet groups.

Hypocaloric, high-protein diets had an unclear effect on blood-lipid levels as compared to control. Weight loss however was significantly greater in the hypocaloric, high-protein group as compared to other hypocaloric, non-high-protein diet groups.

Free vibration analysis of Kagome lattice cylindrical shells is presented using an improved equivalent stiffness matrix model. The boundary conditions of the shell are simply supported and the classical thin shell theory is considered to obtain the equations of motion. The modified equivalent stiffness matrix of the lattice shell is extracted by collecting stiffness matrix of a simple shell and those of grid-reinforced shell according to their volume fractions. The equations of motion are derived using the Hamilton’s principle as well as the Flugge thin shell theory and then are solved by the Navier type solution. The present results are compared by those obtained by a finite element analysis (FEA) in Abaqus software. Comparison results report good accuracy of the present method in comparison with those obtained by the FEA. Finally, effects of various parameters such as shell thickness, width and length of the grids and mode number on the natural frequencies of Kagome lattice cylindrical shell are investigated. The novelty of this paper is using the Flugge shell theory as well as a modified equivalent stiffness matrix for vibration analysis of Kagome lattice shell.

Rockfalls are a type of slope movement process that does not require a transporting medium (e.g., water) and predominantly occur under the influence of gravity (Dikau, 2006). The detachment of a single rock block or a volume of blocks from steep slopes is followed by motions mainly through the air. The fall trajectory is strongly controlled by the mean slope gradient, enabling different motion modes such as free-falling, bouncing, and rolling. Consequently, rockfalls present an unpredictable threat, especially along highways and railways, where they can cause damage to infrastructure or endanger human lives (Bostjančić et al., 2020). In high mountain regions, rockfall activity is thought to be changing due to accelerated climate warming and permafrost degradation, potentially resulting in increased activity and larger volumes involved in individual falls (Stoffel et al., 2024). Therefore, it is crucial to assess areas prone to rockfalls in mountainous regions. The aim of this research is to zone the risk of rockfalls long the Khalkhal–Shahroud road using a multi-layer perceptron algorithm.

The multi-layer perceptron algorithm is a modern machine learning model capable of solving complex problems. In this study, the necessary data were obtained from topographic maps at a scale of 1:25,000, geological maps at a scale of 1:100,000, a digital elevation model (DEM) with 12.5-meter resolution from the ALOS-PALSAR satellite, Sentinel data (spatial resolution of 10 meters), Google Earth satellite images, and field studies. In rockfall hazard zoning using GIS, the most critical component is the preparation of a rockfall distribution map or rockfall inventory. Fieldwork was conducted to identify rockfalls and prepare the inventory.

To identify the factors contributing to rockfall occurrence, field studies identified eight key factors: elevation, vegetation, slope aspect, distance from faults, distance from roads, geology, land use, and slope gradient. After pre-processing, all layers were entered into SPSS Modeler software, and the model was designed with 8 input neurons, 8 intermediate neurons, and 1 output neuron. The results revealed that, in the multi-layer perceptron algorithm, the geological layer had the highest weight value (0.20), followed by the land use layer (0.14) and distance from roads (0.12). In the model validation phase, the results demonstrated an AUC value of 0.9810 in the training phase and 0.9876 in the testing phase, indicating high model validity in both phases.

This research aimed to identify areas at risk of rockfall along the Khalkhal–Shahroud road using a multi-layer perceptron algorithm. The results highlight the significant influence of geological conditions on rockfall occurrences, emphasizing the need to consider slope instability in all spatial planning efforts in this region. It is recommended that future studies explore other machine learning models, such as support vector machines, to further evaluate rockfalls and related slope movements.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the development of airport management with a sustainable development approach.

The research method was a two-stage exploratory mixed-method tool-making type. In the qualitative part, using the purposive sampling method and theoretical saturation technique, 19 experts in the field of airport management were selected

The results of the qualitative research showed that six categories of legal framework, climate change and flight safety and security, management developments, airport logistics management, integrated management system, and resource optimization can affect airport management with a sustainable development approach. Also, in this research, airport management in the context of macro management; innovative financial mechanisms, creating a supportive structure, green financial incentives, improving financial performance, technology and innovation, change management and economic calls, international policies and regulations are considered as background factors, and two categories of lack of appropriate infrastructure and economic instability are considered as intervening categories. The central category resulting from the causal conditions is sustainable financial societies, data security and protection, growth orientation, biodiversity protection, and the researcher, considering the set of concepts extracted from the interviews and final codes, has mentioned the sub-category of creating long-term value, factors facilitating the success of sustainable measures, and building public trust.

The implications of this research for improving airport management with a sustainable development approach include the implications of aligning with global goals, developing sustainable measures, improving financial efficiency; developing a circular economy in individual airports, and paying attention to urban infrastructure.

 Statin therapy is widely used for the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there is a growing concern about its potential effects on bone metabolism markers and mineral density. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of statin therapy on these parameters.

 PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 2023, using MESH terms and keywords.

 After screening 2450 articles, 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included, of which 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were used for meta-analysis. The findings showed that statin therapy significantly reduced bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) levels (WMD=-1.1 U/L; 95% CI -2.2 to -0.07; P=0.03; I2=0%,), and bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites (WMD=-0.06 g/cm2 ; 95% CI -0.08 to -0.04; P<0.001; I2=97.7%, P<0.001). However, this treatment did not have a significant effect on osteocalcin, serum C-terminal peptide of type I collagen (S-CTx), serum N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) concentration, or overall fracture risk.

 This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence that statin therapy is associated with a significant reduction in B-ALP levels and BMD at different sites of the skeleton. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of statin therapy on bone health and to identify the potential underlying mechanisms.

Considering the challenges related to ethnic and cultural diversity in Iranian society and the consequences thereof, the present study analyzes the elements and messages representing ethnic identity-seeking on Instagram pages. The primary research question is: What are the main messages, features, and symbols of ethnic nationalism employed by Turkish identity-seekers on Instagram? This study employs semiotics and qualitative content analysis methodologies. The study population comprises Instagram pages of ethnic identity-seekers, with a sample of four selected images chosen purposively from Instagram pages during Fall 2021. The selected images were analyzed using Saussure's semiotic perspectives, Peirce's semiotic elements, and Roland Barthes's explicit and implicit connotations. The qualitative content analysis included Castells' theory of identity, Smith’s ethnic nationalism intensity, and persuasive techniques and appeals. Findings indicate that the recurring use of symbols associated with Turkish ethnicity in the analyzed images generally signifies a Pan-Turkic identity, advocating for an independent state for Turkish-speaking peoples worldwide. Iconic signs such as the "Grey Wolf," the wolf hand gesture, the Turkish and Azerbaijani flags, and historical figures like Babak Khorramdin, Oghuz Khan, and Tomyris—symbols of Azerbaijani mythology—are prominently featured. Ethnic demands are also articulated using cultural elements such as football, employing emotional, logical, and nostalgic appeals to capture audience attention.

Internal audit is an independent and impartial consulting and assurance activity in order to value and improve the operations of an organization. Therefore, as an important element of the corporate governance system, it can play an important role in creating a suitable platform for the Prevention of fraud and financial abuse. The aim of this study is to present a model of silence failure of internal auditors in Iranian companies. So this research is a fundamental type of research in terms of purpose. Based on the interpretative paradigm, this research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using the data-based theory scheme. The research data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts in the field of Finance and auditing, selected by theoretical sampling method. In order to validate and validate the data, the methods of the expert judgment approach and the percentage of agreement between the two coders were used. The research data were analyzed in the form of a process called coding, in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding with the help of the 2020 version of the mexicodia software and separated into separate concepts, and a total number of 23 categories were obtained. Finally, within the framework of the paradigm model, a comprehensive model of the failure of the silence of internal auditors was presented, which includes the pivotal phenomenon (failure of the silence of internal auditors), 6 categories for causal conditions, 5 categories for contextual conditions, 4 categories for interventionist conditions, 4 categories for strategies and 3 categories of consequences related to the pivotal phenomenon of research. The results of the study show that the types of biases, along with psychological abnormalities, affect the underlying and interventional conditions that include mental, cultural, individual and organizational factors, and the interactions of these components have led to a major phenomenon in the form of evaluation, classification and coding, which causes the silence of internal auditors to fail.

The purpose of the "Health Communication" discussion plan, the most serious sparks of which were struck in the minds with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019, revealed the importance of paying attention to improving health communication more than ever. For this purpose, in the current study, the formulation of a conceptual model of health communication capacities in pandemic conditions was examined from the perspective of health system experts.

This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and the foundation's data theory method. Sampling was done with a purposeful snowball method, which included 20 communication and media professors and health professionals. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and document reviews based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (open, central, and selective coding), which includes causal conditions, central idea, context, mediating conditions (intervenor), strategies, and consequences of analysis. Validation was done through the review of participants and experts in the health system.

The findings of the research in the grounded theory section show that the dimensions of the paradigm model include the central phenomenon: health communication (effective and informative communication), causal conditions: health communication harms (infodemic), the context of harms (widespread and popular media, lack of authority of the health unit, mass information, politicization), strategies (holding officials accountable, reliable sources and producing practical content, anxiety management, avoiding exaggeration of people's participation, teamwork and combination of experts, using the experiences of other countries) and consequences including (attracting trust and forming beneficial relationships) took place.

According to the dimensions achieved in presenting the model for improving health communication capacities in pandemic conditions in the country, it can be said that on the one hand, "transparency and immediacy of information" and the other hand, "empathy and trust between people and officials" in such More than one situation should be considered.

Considering the rapid population growth and increasing demand for clean and reliable water, wastewater treatment plants play a significant role in providing a reliable water source. Therefore, the use of unconventional water sources has rapidly grown in recent decades (Taheriyoun, et al, 2014). Discharging wastewater requires treatment and alternative evaluation for proper environmental monitoring and protection of our natural water resources. Assessing the reliability of treatment processes and treatment facilities should be an important part of the planning and design process for water resource projects, wastewater treatment, and especially wastewater reuse projects. Wastewater should be treated before disposal or reuse in order to comply with regulations and guidelines at various national levels. Generally, complete wastewater treatment consists of three main stages: primary treatment (removal of suspended and floating solids), secondary treatment (biological decomposition of organic matter), and tertiary treatment (removal of nutrients and toxic compounds) (Jones, 2021).

The purpose of this research is to propose an endogenous security model in the Persian Gulf. The research will be based on quantitative and qualitative research methods and descriptive analysis of the correlation method; In this way, with questionnaires and interviews, in addition to examining documents, documents, events and considerations, and taking into account the existing conditions and relations between the countries of the Persian Gulf, the research will be conducted around the regional security system. In this research, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to develop the model. The findings of the study showed that endogenous security has an effect on the realization pattern of Persian Gulf security. The path coefficient between two variables is 0. 26, which has a significance level of 16.852, which is desirable because it is more than 1.96, so the existence of a significant effect is confirmed. Also, the study showed that the regional theory of security has an effect on the realization pattern of Persian Gulf security. The path coefficient between two variables is 0. 11, which has a significance level of 14.214, which is desirable because it is higher than 1.96, so the existence of a significant effect is confirmed. In the current study, the components of endogenous security and the regional theory of security were confirmed as effective components on the pattern of realization of security in the Persian Gulf.

The conservation of species depends on the protection of their natural habitats, and this is possible with a more detailed analysis of habitats (15, 31). In this regard, habitat suitability modeling is a scientific and practical solution to estimate the distribution range of species (12). Modeling allows ecologists and wildlife experts to gain knowledge about the ecological needs of species, barriers and factors limiting their distribution, predicting the effects of climate change, habitat destruction, and species invasion. One of the most widely used and best methods for modeling the habitat suitability of species that only uses presence data is the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) method (24). Studying the habitats of all species on a large scale is challenging due to budget and time limitations. It is imperative to direct the limited budgets and efforts towards conservation of greater ecological significance or at greater risk. The Persian Gazelle, Gazella bennettii shikarii, is an important hereditary mammal species that is part of the Bovidae family and the antlope subfamily. It can be found in India, Pakistan, southern Afghanistan, and Iran. In Iran, Persian gazelle prefers dry and very dry plains with an average annual rainfall of 50-250 mm and usually hills (2). Several studies conducted on the habitat suitability of this species in Iran protected areas including Kavir national park (18), Naybandan wildlife refuge (3) and Copper Ore Protected Area (22). To conduct a more comprehensive analysis of meta populations, we need to address the gaps in the distribution and habitat requirements of this species in peripheral areas, including the study area. The present study aims to evaluate the suitability of existing habitats and to identify the potential habitats of Persian gazelle (Gazella bennettii) in Hormod protected area using the MaxEnt method, so that its results can be used for better conservation and management of this species meta populations.

Study area: Hormod protected area with an area of ​​208,731 hectares located in southeast of Fars province, Iran (Fig.1). Most important threat factors of this area, are the droughts, illegal hunting, illegal grazing, crossing the area by Shiraz-Bandar Abbas Road, agriculture and harvesting edible mushrooms by local peoples.Recording species presence points: during the extensive field visits in different seasons of 2022-23, along the specific routes of the plain and hilly areas as the actual habitats of the species, using a Global Positioning System (GPS) 45 presence points was recorded (Fig. 1).Environmental data: based on the literature review, four groups of environmental variables including climatic factors (Tables 1 and 2), vegetation cover, topographical factors (slope, aspect and elevation) and human factors (distance from the village, water sources, road, agricultural lands and environmental checkpoints) which are effective in determining the habitat suitability of this species were used in the modeling.Modeling: Species presence points were converted into digital layers in ArcGIS 10.3 software, then these presence points were considered as dependent variables and selected environmental data (layers) as independent variables. To run the model, 10,000 background points and a maximum of 15 repetitions were considered. Also, 70% of presence points were used to build the model and the remaining 30% were used to evaluate the modeling results.Model evaluation: In this study, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to check the validity of the results obtained from the model, which is one of the most common methods for evaluating predictive models (8). Jackknife test was also used to determine the importance of each environmental variable in predicting the suitability of the habitat of the species.

Habitat desirability: According to the results, about 36746 hectares equivalent to 17.6% of Hormod protected area is considered as a suitable habitat and about 171985 hectares equivalent to 82.4% is an unsuitable habitat for the Persian gazelle (Fig. 2).Model evaluation: In this study, the value of the area under the curve (AUC) calculated equal to 0.87, that indicates the “very good” predictive performance of the model (20) (Fig. 3).The participation of variables in model: in Hormod protected area, the variables of distance from the villages, vegetation cover, slope and average daily temperature with 41.1, 16.6, 13.7 and 10.3 percent of influence are the most important variables affecting the suitability of Persian gazelle habitat, respectively (Fig. 4). However, according to the jackknife test, the average daily temperature variable has the highest power to predict the suitability of the Persian gazelle habitat in the Hormod protected areas (Fig. 5), in the other words by removing this variable, the predictive power of the model decreases more than removing any other variables.Species response curves: Finally, the response curves of the species to the four main environmental variables that affect its habitat suitability were examined (Fig. 6).

In this study, the habitat suitability of Persian gazelle was mapped within the protected area of ​​Hormod using MaxEnt software. The suitable habitats of species are located in the northern and northeastern parts of the study area, which have the greatest distance from human factors, especially villages. The distance from the village has the most importance on the desirability of Persian gazelle habitat in the study area. Based on the results, with increasing the distance from the village, the habitat desirability for Persian gazelle increases. According to the response curves, with an increase in the distance of 10 km from the village, the habitat suitability for the species increases. It seems that moving away from the village in order to find a shelter to prevent hunting is very important as one of the parameters of habitat selection in terms of the species of Persian gazelle in the study area. In a study conducted in the southern regions of Tunisia on Gazella dorcas (5), it was found that human variables and especially the distance from agricultural lands were the most important factors shaping the distribution pattern of this species. Also, the study conducted on the condition of the gazelle (Gazella cuvieri) habitat in North Africa (14) also showed that the presence and distribution of this species is affected by the increasing distance from human settlements and areas with low human population density. The results of the present study showed that vegetation plays a role as the second most important factor in the desirability of the habitat of this species, and the highest presence of the species is in the type of salt desert rangeland (Salsola tomentosa). In similar studies, the importance of vegetation in the desirability of the habitats of Persian Gazelle and other wildlife species has also been confirmed (13, 18, 19, 29). Considering the drastic decrease in the population size and the range of distribution of the Persian gazelle in Iran (3) and that this type of prey is used by important carnivores such as leopards and cheetahs, we suggest to preventing the habitat destruction and proper protection of the suitable habitat of this species in the study area.

Pandemics pose significant threats to global health systems, as exemplified by COVID-19, which placed unprecedented strain on healthcare infrastructures worldwide. One innovative solution that emerged during this crisis was the use of multifunctional centers. These facilities, capable of rapid conversion for various healthcare services, played a crucial role in alleviating pressure on hospitals. In Iran, the Iran Mall Convalescent Center demonstrated the effectiveness of such centers by converting into the country’s largest vaccination hub. This paper explores the importance and benefits of multifunctional centers in managing future pandemics. Multifunctional centers offer reduced pressure on hospitals, cost-effective and rapid setup, flexibility in services, optimized resource use, and increased healthcare system resilience. However, challenges include the need for rapid adaptation, specialized training, and coordination among various stakeholders. The Iran Mall Convalescent Center’s successful operation highlights the potential of multifunctional centers to enhance pandemic preparedness and response.

Using different algorithms to extract, describe, and match features requires knowing their capabilities and weaknesses in various applications. Therefore, it is a basic need to evaluate algorithms and understand their performance and characteristics in various applications. In this article, classical local feature extraction and description algorithms for large-scale satellite image matching are discussed. Eight algorithms, SIFT, SURF, MINEIGEN, MSER, HARRIS, FAST, BRISK, and KAZE, have been implemented, and the results of their evaluation and comparison have been presented on two types of satellite images. In previous studies, comparisons have been made between local feature algorithms for satellite image matching. However, the difference between the comparison of algorithms in this article and the previous comparisons is in the type of images used, which both reference and query images are large-scale, and the query image covers a small part of the reference image. The experiments were conducted in three criteria: time, repeatability, and accuracy. The results showed that the fastest algorithm was Surf, and in terms of repeatability and accuracy, Surf and Kaze got the first rank, respectively.

Quercetin (Qu) is a type of plant flavonoid that is beneficial in fighting prostate hyperplasia cells. ‎Meanwhile, Nigella sativa seed oil (NSO) has shown promise in relieving benign prostatic ‎hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms. This study aims to assess the effects of Qu combined with NSO-‎based nanoemulsion (Qu-NSO) against a rat model of BPH. The study involved the ‎induction of ‎BPH in rats using testosterone enanthate (5 mg/kg) subcutaneously and ‎administering different ‎treatments, ‎including Qu (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg), NSO, and Qu-NSO (25 mg/kg and 50 ‎mg/kg), with total volume 0.5 ml per oral to assess the effects of ‎Qu-NSO. NSO, coconut oil, ‎Tween 80, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) were obtained for the ‎self-nano-emulsified drug ‎delivery system. The globule size and zeta potential of formed vesicles were measured. ‎Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic weight and index, oxidant ‎and antioxidant markers, and histopathology were investigated in the rat model. The average ‎globule size for Qu-NSO was ‎171.9 ± 10.9 ‎nm, with ‎a zeta potential value of ‎+17.3 mV. Qu-‎NSO declined prostate weight by 40% and prostate index by 86.71% compared to ‎the ‎testosterone group. Qu-NSO treatment ‎significantly reduced the serum levels of oxidative ‎‎contents (MDA) (p < 0.0001), while antioxidative substances (SOD and GPx activity) were ‎‎significantly more (p < 0.0001). Qu-NSO was superior to the finasteride group in decreasing ‎prostatic weight and antioxidative ‎properties, such as increasing antioxidant enzyme ‎activity.‎ ‎This study revealed that the Qu and NSO in a Qu NSO formula enhanced the Qu efficacy in ‎managing BPH.‎