فهرست مطالب ali najafi ayuki

From a cognitive linguistics viewpoint, metaphor not only is a linguistic process but also is connected with human thought and we can be aware of the speaker's method of thought with it. The main cognitive application of metaphor is to provide an understanding of an abstract concept through a more tangible concept. Then it plays a significant role in the determination of mystical concepts. One of the main and fundamental issues in religious literature is the concept of "Love" due to its abstractness, it is expressed generally at the framework of conceptual metaphor.  Imam Ali has used this art structure in Nahj Al-Balagheh as a tool to understand abstract concepts. Therefore, in the current study, those metaphorical statements containing the concept of "Love" are extracted from Nahj Al-Balagheh's speeches adapting a quality approach and analytical-descriptive method and they were analyzed and studied based on cognitive metaphorical theory. The conceptual metaphor has been categorized from different aspects. Metaphors in the first category are studied from the role viewpoint (structural, ontological, and orientational), and in the second category from the nature viewpoint (propositional, pictorial-schematic, and pictorial). According to the results of this study, Imam Ali made the abstract concept of "love" understandable for the audiences at the cognitive metaphorical framework, schema, and tangible and objective areas of destination. In structural metaphors, he depicted the concept of "love" using "Hijab", "Disease", "Commodity", and "Object' as the areas of origin for the audiences. The ontological metaphors play an important role in the description of the "love" concept and the sentences implied it. He tried to stabilize its meaning in the mind of the audience by objectification to abstract concepts, sometimes using description and animatism. He used the volumetric schema for conceptualization of the "love" and introduced the love of God internalized in the angels' beings as the cup of love. On the other place imagined the concept of "guidance" as a place where its doors are open for the entrance of lovers and the people should use this opportunity, to enter the atmosphere of divine mercy, and be on the way of guidance before the door is closed. Imam Ali at a motion schema used the motion that is an inevitable and objective behavior of every person to do daily affairs to describe the concept of "love". In such a way, using "God" visualization at a place framework, encouraged the God lovers to step and move toward the path of salvation through jihad and fighting which is a means to reach the true god.

Equivalence between words of two languages is one of the topics that play an important role in translating and conveying the meaning desired by the author to the audience; In this method, the word in the source text is identified and the equation used in the target text is specified. This research tried to identify, extract and categorize the strategy and morphological and syntactic tools that are used in the text of Nahj al-Balagheh by descriptive-analytical method and can be equivalent to the conjunction "although" in Persian. Defining the format and syntactic construction, describing the issues that those letters were responsible for conveying, and stating the intentions of using those letters and the role responsible for the concept, however, are among the most important goals that the authors of the present article seek to achieve. One of the most important results of the present study is: some letters, although they do not have an independent meaning in appearance, play a key role in inducing the intended meaning of the speaker. The equations "although" in Persian are not limited to the two letters "lu" and "an" in Arabic, but based on the text of Nahj al-Balagheh and considering the context the text, other letters such as but, except , Inflection letter, syntactic role of present tense and adjective can be a suitable and practical equivalent for the conjunction letter, although in Persian. Some purposes were used only in a particular style and others had a common purpose. By studying the extracted samples, it was found that the purpose of "perception" has the highest frequency among rhetorical purposes and has been used in almost all structures and is more compatible with the meaning of the letter "although".

Befitting with various experiences of literary figures، Sandbad who is one of the significant figures of «one thousand and one night» in contemporary poetry، has gotten different images. Amongst literary charactersthat paid a lot of attention to this mythical figure، is Khalil Havi (1919-1982)، contemporary poet، from Lebanon and BadrShakir al-Sayyab (1926-1964) from Iraq could be mentioned. Recreating this mythical figure in a symbolic and indirect aspect، they have tried to express their own thoughts. Their Sandbad performed the human''s desire for adventure and exiting from the current flow of life. In the present study، the authors make an efforts to criticize and make a comparative analysis of «Sandbad in his eighth adventure» written by Khalil Havi and «the day departed» written by Badrshakir al-sayyab. Meanwhile the definition of this myth and the reason of contemporary literary figures''s tendency toward applying this myth in their poems and expressing his adventures are also elaborated on. What is important in this respect is showing reasons of applying this myth، the way of recalling and applying it، investigating literary and poetry features، and more importantly application of this myth in poems of the two mentioned poets. The conclusion is that both poets tried to «Demythical» or «Deconstructing myth» and somehow tend to «mythmaking». And all these have been done for the purpose of immortalizing their personal and political-social thoughts. Using «frequency» technique to emphasize their wanted meaning and content was in line with improving language music in vertical axis.