ali nozari

The aim of the present study was the study of mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent in Bu- Ali Sina University students. The population of this study consists of all arrival undergraduate students( 94-95 academic year) in Bu-Ali Sina University, 322(male and female) students were selected as a sample. Three questionnaire used: Parental Bonding questionnaire( PBI), Maladaptive schema questionnaire short form(SQ-SF) and addiction talent questionnaire students version( ASQ-SV). SPSS and LISREL software was used to analyze the data collected. The results showed that parental bonding( parental low care and overprotection) either directly or indirectly with mediating of early maladaptive schemas impact on addiction talent. Finally, in this research the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent was presented as a model.

The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of coronavirus anxiety and the demographic factors related to it in Qazvin, Iran.  The method used in this study was descriptive-survey. Its statistical population included all Qazvin citizens in the spring of 2020. A total number of 1167 participants were recruited by convenient sampling and via an online questionnaire distributed on social media. They answered the demographic features and corona disease anxiety scale (CDAS) questionnaires.Their data were imported into the statistical software SPSS 25 and analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistical tests like frequency test, percentile frequency, and Kruskal Wallis.  The results of the analyses showed that the prevalence of coronavirus anxiety among Qazvin citizens was 13.54%. There was no significant difference between coronavirus anxiety level and its related factors in different “gender” and “educational background” groups. But still, in different “age” and “marital status” groups, a significant difference was found. The results of the current study show that as people grow older,coronavirus anxiety level and its related factors increases. it can be concluded that coronavirus anxiety level and its related factors is higher among the older people when compared with the younger ones.

The aim of this study investigation to   the mediating function of rumination in the relationship between social support, psychological hardiness, and intolerance of indecision with corona anxiety. The present study was a descriptive correlation with equation structural analysis. The sample of that choose in Ardabil city, in which 300 people participated in the research online and through virtual networks. Questionnaires of rumination, uncertainty intolerance, corona anxiety, social support and psychological hardiness were used to gather data.. Analysis were performed using equation structural modeling and SPSS. The results indicate that direction routes of social support, psychological hardiness, and intolerance to corona anxiety were significant (p <0.05). The study of indirection relationships that rumination mediates between social support, psychological stubbornness, and intolerance of uncertainty with corona anxiety. The method of present study in the research has a good fit. So that intolerance of uncertainty negatively, psychological hardiness, and social support positively affected corona anxiety mediated by rumination. These results by identifying the factors effective corona anxiety can be useful strategies for professionals to intervene and reduce anxiety period of corona disease.

The present study aimed to explain the mindfulness with due attention to emotion regulation and Behavioral Inhibition/Activation Systems among university students. The statistical population of this study is all university students of Bu-Ali Sina University in Hamadan in the academic year 2018-2019. 373 subjects were selected by Convenience sampling method sampling method. Students completed Fariburg mindfulness questionnaire, Caro & White behavioral inhibition/ activation systems questionnaire, and Gross & John Emotion regulation Strategies Questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Structural equation modeling were used for data analysis were used To analyze the data. The results showed that behavioral inhibition system has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness (P<0/01). The behavioral activation system has a direct positive effect on mindfulness(P <0/01). Reassessment of excitement has a direct positive effect on mindfulness (P <0/01). Emotional suppression has a direct negative effect on Mindfulness. (P <0/01). According to the findings, it can be concluded that behavioral activation inhibitory system and re-evaluation and Emotional suppression are variables that determine levels of mindfulness. The proposed model has a good fit with the data.

Although zinc oxide (ZO)-calcium hydroxide (CaOH) mixtures have been successful regarding their absorption rate compatibility with dissolving primary teeth, no study has been conducted on the appropriate mixture ratio to obtain effective antibacterial properties. In this study, we compared antibacterial activity of CaOH-ZO pastes using different mixture ratios sagainst Enterococcus faecalis as an important bacterium in root canal treatment failure. Seven types of pastes were prepared in our laboratory. The first group included one gram of ZO+eugenol, second group included one gram of CaOH+distilled water, third group included 0.5gram ZO+0.5gram CaOH+distilled water (1:1), forth group included 0.75gramCaOH+0.25gramZO+distilled water (3:1), the fifth group included 0.33gram of CaOH+0.66gram of ZO+distilled water (1:2), the sixth group included 0.75gram of ZO+0.25 CaOH+distilled water (3:1), the seventh group included 0.66 gram CaOH+0.33 gram ZO+distilled water (2:1), and the final group included one gram of gelatin+distilled water (as the control group). These pastes were compared regarding their antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. Except for the control group, all prepared pastes showed antibacterial properties. Order of minimum inhibitory concentration for pastes were as followed: CaOH-ZO (1:3)=CaOH-ZO (1:2)>CaOH-ZO (1:1)>CaOH-ZO (3:1)=CaOH-ZO (2:1)>CaOH=ZO-eugenol. Order of minimum bactericidal concentration, which shows a weaker bactericidal effect, according to type of paste, were as followed: CaOH-ZO (1:3)>CaOH-ZO mixture (1:2)>CaOH-ZO mixture (1:1)>CaOH-ZO mixture (3:1)=CaOH-ZO (2:1)>CaOH=ZO-eugenol. Only CaOH-ZO (1:3) and CaOH-ZO (1:2), showed significantly weaker MICs and MBCs (p < 0.001). Considering the limitations of an in-vitro study, in terms of anti-bacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis, CaOH-ZO mixture (2:1) is equivalent to ZO-eugenol as the most commonly used material in polypectomy of primary teeth.

In this study, steam methane reforming was investigated by using Ni-Al-Zn catalyst. This process carried out at 750-900 °C in the industrial plants. From the economical and operational point of view, the reduction of operational temperature is important. Therefore, the Ni-Al-Zn catalyst was studied to decrease the operational temperature. This catalyst was synthesized by coprecipitation method. The results of XRD, ICP, and BET revealed that catalyst were appropriately synthesized. Then, this catalyst was used in the steam methane reforming process and 15% nickel was obtained as optimum value. The performance of optimum catalyst at 650 °C was similar to industrial catalyst at 750 °C, so that the methane conversion was about 75 %. This catalyst showed high carbon resistance at temperatures above 600 °C. Kinetic study of optimum catalyst was performed. Moreover, the activation energy for reaction of methane to CO and H2, water gas shift and methane to CO2 and H2 were 219.4 kJ/mol, 71.90 kJ/mol, and 221.04 kJ/mol, respectively. The results of kinetic experiments on the synthesized catalyst showed that the activation energy for the first and third reactions of reforming (hydrogen production via methane and steam) was less than the activation energy on the industrial catalyst which reveals higher activity of the synthesized catalyst. Furthermore, the adsorption parameters in the kinetics equations were obtained and thermodynamically verified.

Complementary infant formulas are the second most important sources of nutrition for neonates after breast milk. Considering the cariogenic potential of infant formulas, selection of these nutritive sources should be safe to reduce the risk of baby bottle syndrome in newborns. The present study aimed to estimate the plaque pH changes after rinsing with four customary used types of complementary infant formula.
An in-vivo, in-vitro study was conducted on five healthy neonates aged 12-18 months to assess the plaque pH changes caused by rinsing with four different types of complementary infant formula, including Rice and Milk Cerelac, Wheat and Milk Cerelac, Banana and Milk Humana, and Peach and Milk Humana. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 17 using paired t-test to compare the pH changes associated with each formula. In all the statistical analyses, P-value of less than 0.01 was considered significant.
All the formulas significantly reduced the plaque pH to less than the pre-rinse pH. However, the plaque pH decreased to less than the critical pH level ( According to the results, rinsing with the Rice and Milk Cerelac formula reduced the plaque pH value more than the other formulas. Therefore, it seems that complementary infant formulas could decrease the plaque pH and play a key role in the development of caries in neonates depending on the ingredients.

Venting hydrogen in the process units operating with hydrogen leads to irreparable risks. By applying special considerations, the possibility of taking place risks significantly decreases. In the present work, the effective ways for decreasing the risk of venting hydrogen in a lab-scale liquid hydrogen unit have been discussed as a case study. First, dicision flowchart for safety design of venting hydrogen has been presented and based on the presented flowchart, several solutions for reducing the risks have been considered. Ignition of hydrogen has been studied and the solutions for reducing the risk of explosion have been discussed. In addition, with considering the probability of ignition for hydrogen, appropriate diameter has been evaluated for tube in order to avoid coming back the flame.

Statement of Problem: Indiscriminate use of antibacterial agents increases the antibiotic resistance, which consequently necessitates seeking alternatives such as herbal remedies.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Helichrysum leucocephalum (H.leucocephalum) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) growth as a major cause of dental caries.
In this study, hydroalcoholic extract of H. leucocephalum was prepared. The antibacterial effects, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of hydroalcoholic extract of H. leucocephalum and penicillin were assessed. Agar well diffusion method and micro broth dilution assay were used on bacterial suspension adjusted to a 0.5 McFarland standard (equivalent to 1.5×108 CFU/mL).Each test was repeated four times to minimize lab errors.
In this study, the inhibitory zone of hydroalcoholic extract of H.leucocephalum in concentration of 100 mg/mL was 34±0.1 mm and for penicillin was 10 mm. The MIC and MBC of H.leucocephalum hydroalcoholic extract were 5.6±6.25, 21.6±6.25 mg/mL, respectively.
Hydroalcoholic extract of H. leucocephalum have antibacterial effect on S.mutans at a concentration of 12.5mg/mL, indicating possible application of this extract in prevention of dental caries; however, future researches are necessary.

In this study, hydrogen production with an industrial catalyst in the steam methane reforming process was investigated. Due to the abundant application and its rules as fuel in the future, hydrogen is so valuable. In industry, this process carried out at 750-900°C. In order to decrease energy consumption, development of catalysts to decrease operation temperature was considered. In this project, to find catalyst disadvantages, industrial catalyst performance in the different conditions was investigated. CHN analysis for carbon content of catalyst and XRD analysis as well as Scherrer equation for catalyst sintering were carried out During the experiment, methane conversion at 750 °C and 850°C were 75.8 and 84.4, respectively, and almost unchanged, but at 650°C and 550 °C methane conversion followed a decreasing trend. Methane conversion percent and hydrogen mole percent increased with the increasing temperature but after 750 °C, slop of hydrogen mole percent decreased. According to hydrogen production and methane conversion, The most suitable temperature is 750°C and after this temperature, hydrogen yield did not have significant change, in addition, CO selectivity increased that is not suitable.Methane conversion slowly increased and CO selectivity decreased with the increasing steam to methane ratio. Decreasing particle size of catalyst led to increasing methane conversion. During the experiment, carbon content in the catalyst decreased with the increasing temperature.Catalyst deactivation with sintering had a greater impact than carbon deposit in the industrial catalyst.

Since pharmaceutical syrups are widely taken by children in Iran, drop of pH in oral cavity and dental decay resulted from the syrups are of high importance. This research aims to study buffering properties of saliva when in contact with some of vitamin syrups available in pharmaceutical market of Iran.
In the present study, 1 milliliter (ml) of 6 samples of vitamin syrups including Vitamin C, Vitamin B-Complex, Vitamin AD, Vitamin syrup Sandros (E, D3, C, B12, B6, A, Folic Acid, Biotin), Eurho syrup (B-Complex, Vitamin C) and Vitane Droplets (Multivitamin) and also a sample of distilled water as control were examined. Initially, pH was measured in each sample, and then 1 ml of stimulated saliva collected from children (6-12 years old) and 2 ml of deionized water was added to them and mixed. Finally, pH was measured in 5 and 20 minutes after mixing by the use of TECHNO Digital pH Meter.
Five minutes after adding saliva to the syrup samples, pH of all the samples increased. The minimum increment was observed in Vitamin C and the maximum was observed in both Eurho and Vitane. The increment was significant just in Eurho and Vitane (P0.05).
Increase of pH in Eurho and Vitane after 5 minutes contacting with saliva was significant compared with the initial pH. It shows the positive buffering effect of saliva on the pH of these two syrups and; consequently, reducing the probability of decay after consuming them.

In this study, hydrogen production by steam reforming of methane has been investigated. Due to its wide applications and important role as a future fuel, hydrogen is a valuable material. Steam reforming of methane is one of the most common and the most important hydrogen production processes which are carried out industrially at 700-900°C. High temperatures can cause problems; such as, sintering of catalysts, rising of costs, coke formation on the catalyst, and increasing safety concerns. In this study, prevalent catalyst of this process (Ni/Al2O3) is used at medium temperatures (450-650°C) to investigate the reasons for reduction in hydrogen production at these temperatures. Increasing time, increased and after a specific time sharply decreased the methane conversion. This sharp decline in methane conversion occurred after 210 min at 600°C and 275 min at 650°C. The peaks in XRD test indicate oxidation of catalyst during the process. In the stable time of catalyst at 650°C, methane conversion and hydrogen mole fraction were 99% and 80%, respectively. Rising steam methane ratio in the range 2.5-6 increased the methane conversion and hydrogen mole fraction and decreased the selectivity of CO. At medium temperatures, nickel can produce hydrogen by steam reforming of methane, but due to deactivation of catalyst, this process cannot be carried out continuously.

A single-drop liquid-liquid extraction system in the presence of carbon nanotubes was studied in this investigation. Carbon nanotubes have a striking effect on heat transfer and due to the similarities between mass and heat transfer, these nanotubes were investigated in a mass transfer system. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes were compared with silica nanoparticles to specify the effects of molecular structure on mass transfer. Toluene, acetic acid and nanoparticles as dispersed phase and ionized water as continuous phase were chosen. The surface of carbon nanotubes were modified using dodecyl iodide in order to provide appropriate stability in the dispersed phase. The FT-IR test showed the acceptable modification of nanotubes. The angle of hydrophobicity which was measured by contact angle test, was 134º. Terminal velocity and drop size slightly decreased with nanoparticle concentrations. Equivalent drop diameters and terminal velocity were in the ranges 0.55-0.7 cm and 10.5- 11.4 cm/s, respectively. The maximum enhancements of 27% and 119% for overall mass transfer coefficient were achieved in carbon nanotubes and silica nanoparticles, respectively. The increment in drops’ diameter increased the overall mass transfer coefficient.

Statement of the Problem: Dental caries is the most common disease of childhood. Using probiotics has recently been introduced to reduce the incidence of dental caries.It consists of live microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host, and hence are considered an alternative way to eradicate the infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of consumption of probiotic yogurt on the children’s salivary cariogenic microflora. A double-blind randomized study was performed recruiting 2 parallel groups; 24 healthy children in the case and 25 children in the control group. All healthy children were followed- up over 4 periods. Periods 1 and 3 were wash-out periods with duration of 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. During periods 2 and 4 (2weeks duration each), the case group consumed 200g yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis (1×106 per gram) once daily and the control group consumed normal yogurt. Salivary Streptococci mutans and Lactobacilli were enumerated before and after the yogurt consumption periods. Pre- and post-treatment values within and between regimens were compared using the t-test and paired samples. There was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in the control group, but for Streptococcus mutans, the count reduction between phases 1 and 4 was statistically significant (p= 0.009). In the case group, neither the Streptococcus mutans count nor the Lactobacilli count was significantly reduced. Based on the findings of this study, short-term daily consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis could not reduce the levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in 6 to 12 year-old children, while normal yogurt could reduce the Streptococcus mutans counts significantly.

Esthetic demands among patients have led to the introduction of tooth-colored restorations. Composite resins bond to enamel applying acid etch technique. Total etch adhesion systems are still considered as golden standard among bonding systems. However, clinicians have tendency towards using adhesive systems with a simplified application procedure. The aim of the present study is to compare the shear-bond strength of composite restoration to intact enamel of primary incisors using different conditioners, and adhesive systems. This experimental study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 53 teeth were classified into 5 groups based on the bonding procedure. After composite build-up, specimens were placed in a universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min. Inter-group comparison of the shear-bond strength to enamel was analyzed employing One-way-ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (Version 17, Chicago, IL, USA). The highest shear-bond strength was related to the second (37% phosphoric acid etching + Margin Bond adhesive system), and the fifth group (37% phosphoric acid etch + Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system), and the lowest bond strength was related to the third group (Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system alone) (p value = 0.00). Based on the results of the present study, surface pre-treatment with 37% PA accompanied with self-etching adhesive system, increased the shear-bond strength in vitro. This method can be further studied in clinical settings.

Introdouction: Esthetic demands of patients have led to the introduction of tooth-colored restorations wherecomposite resins are bonded to the enamel using acid etch techniques. Total etch adhesion systems are still considered as the gold standard among bonding systems. However, clinicians have a tendency to use adhesive systems with simpler application procedures. The aim of the present study is to compare the shearbond strength of composite restorations to intact enamel of primary incisors when using different conditioners and adhesive systems. This experimental study was conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 53 teeth were collected and classified into five groups based on the bonding procedure. After composite buildup, specimens were placed in a universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 1mm/ min. Inter-group comparison of the shearbond strength to enamel was analyzed employing one-way-ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (Version 17, Chicago, IL, USA). The highest shearbond strength was found in the second (37% phosphoric acid etching + Margin Bond adhesive system) and fifth groups (37% phosphoric acid etch + Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system), and the lowest bond strength was found in the third group (Tokuyama Bond Force adhesive system alone) (p = 0.00). Based on the results of the present study, surface pre-treatment with 37% phosphoric acidalong with self-etching adhesive system resulted in increased shearbond strength in vitro. This method can be further studied in clinical settings.

Tooth avulsion is defined as the complete displacement of the tooth from its alveolar socket which causes damage to the periodontal ligament structure, cementum, alveolar bone, gingiva, and dental pulp. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of long-shelf life honey milk to serve as a temporary storage medium for the maintenance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability on avulsed teeth. PDL cells were obtained from premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes which were clinically healthy and had healthy gingiva (i.e. not inflamed).Then, 8×10³ cells were seeded in each well of 96-well plate. and Afterwards treated with long-shelf life milk and honey milk, Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) and fresh milk. Different incubation periods were 1, 3, 6, and 9 hours. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and dry medium were considered as positive and negative control media, respectively. Cell viability was determined by using the MTT (Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way anova, two-way anova and post hoc Scheffe tests. A level of p≤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant The results indicate that all media performed significantly better in maintaining PDL cell viability than the negative control at all time periods. (p≤0.001) After 9 hours, Percentage of viable PDL cells in long-shelf life honey milk, long-shelf life milk and HBSS were 82±0.82, 75±8.13 and 87±2.78 respectively. Furthermore cell's viability in both long-shelf life honey milk and HBSS was significantly better than fresh milk medium (p=0.003). Moreover, the results of One-way ANOVA showed long-shelf life honey milk were more effective in preserving the PDL cell viability as well as HBSS after 9 hours. According to the study results, long-shelf life honey milk considered as appropriate storage media which are comparable to HBSS. These media are not only able to keep more cells viability after 9h compared to the expensive commercial solutions, but are also be easily accessible.