فهرست مطالب ali radan jebeli

Today, the air transport industry is one of the most important ways of communication between countries.Despite the advantages of using airplanes,accidents are inevitable.Therefore, at the level of international law,aviation security and the identification of those responsible for accidents and incidents have become the subject of numerous conventions. In domestic law, regulations and various organizations are in charge of flight matters.On 18/10/2018, a Ukrainian plane that was leaving Tehran for Kyiv was targeted by Iranian air defenses, and the cause of this incident was stated to be human error.Considering that the nature of the accident caused the death of all 176 passengers of the plane, the basic question here is what duties and responsibilities Iran has towards the survivors and what basic steps it should take in order to fulfill its obligations.Therefore, this research has been carried out with the aim of examining the legal obligations of the Iranian government towards the survivors of Flight 752 according to Iranian laws and international laws. The main question in this research is the examination of the limits of civil and legal responsibility of the Iranian government for the aforementioned incident.The results of this research show that, from the international point of view, the conditions are ready for the realization of the government's legal responsibility, and from the point of view of domestic law, the government is responsible for compensating the damage caused to the survivors. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and the library method was used to collect the sources.

The principle of equality of creditors in bankruptcy law means the equal and fair payment of creditors' claims, and it tries to apply a collective system to all creditors. In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive and analytical method, we tried to make a comparison between the mentioned principle in the laws of Iran and England and find out what position this principle has in the laws of the two countries? In English law, one of the aspects of the equality of creditors The legality of the debtor is non-discrimination between creditors by assigning more financial benefits or signing secret agreements. Bankruptcy laws in England are so strict about this issue that even third parties cannot sign such agreements with the connivance of the debtor. Such legal obligations are based on a set of judicial procedures that have been considered since the end of the last century. Although this matter has historical roots, this principle has been repeatedly emphasized by English judges in new cases. The duty and legal obligation to maintain equality between creditors is in complete accordance with the current concept of equality and fairness in English law, ethical principles in commercial law, and superior principles and consensus in the procedural law of this country.

Today, administrative litigation is recognized as a new type of litigation. The importance of observing the principles and standards of fair trial in this type of trial is twofold, because in this type of trial, one side of the relationship is the government, which is in a position beyond. Anticipation of legal mechanisms to comply with the standards and criteria of ritual fairness in order to protect the rights of persons involved in the administrative proceedings, causes the proceedings to be carried out in an appropriate manner at the administrative level. Accordingly, the Law on the Establishment of Disciplinary Boards to Investigate Complaints and Violations of Armed Forces Employees provides for primary and review boards in the IRGC, the army, the police, and the Ministry of Defense to investigate violations by members of the Armed Forces. Is. The results of this study show that the general criteria of a fair trial such as two-level trial, the principle of independence and impartiality of the judicial authority, the principle of trial within a reasonable time and providing sufficient opportunity for defense and the right to a lawyer in these authorities are violated. Seriously faced. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and library method has been used in collecting resources.

In the study of Barati documents (checks, Barat and promissory notes) in this research, we came to the conclusion that they follow principles and rules such as "principle of non-hearing of objections" and "abstract description". Despite the great importance of these principles, most jurists have examined them briefly without specifying the relationship between them, which has caused many questions and ambiguities. In this study, to answer the questions, we have used descriptive and analytical methods as well as explanatory and inferential methods, and it was concluded that the principle of non-hearing of defects in Barati documents, in addition to basic relational defects, is necessary. Also apply to your transaction defects. In addition, the exceptions to each of these are different. It was also found that only the principle of not listening to the objections of these documents regarding the basic relationship is the result and fruit of the abstract description and not the mentioned principle regarding your relationship.

It is possible to improve the legal system governing the government contracting contract in terms of quality, in the light of paying attention to some principles. These principles are conceptually related to what is known in the political, legal, and managerial literature of the 1980s as "good governance," and have common and intertwined boundaries. Transparency, participation, rule of law, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness are among the most important of these principles. In this article, after briefly explaining the theory of good governance and explaining its definitions, the authors have criticized the system governing government contracting contracts in the light of the principles of good governance. In some cases, criticisms of the law and in some cases refer to procedures, decisions, and policy-making in this regard. At the end, suggestions are made to amend the law and change the method of determining methods and decision-making. In general, the use of good governance model in administrative contracts seems to be a good model for improving, promoting, efficiency and effectiveness of the legal system governing government contracting.

Commercial documents follow principles and rules such as the "principle of non-hearing of objections" and the "abstract description". In spite of the great importance of these principles, most jurists have given a brief overview of them, and some have tried to interpret and explain them according to the jurisprudence and principles governing civil rights. This has led to many questions and ambiguities. In this study, in order to answer the proposed questions, we have used descriptive and analytical methods as well as explanatory and inferential methods, and it was concluded that the principle of non-hearing of objections, in addition to basic relationship problems, should also be applied to objections of commercial transactions. In addition, we pointed out that the exceptions for each of these cases are different; because while the direct holder as well as the holder who has no good will are the only exceptions to the above principle regarding the basic relationship. The exceptions to this principle regarding the objections of commercial transactions can be divided into two parts: first that leads to absolute decline of commitment of the committed and second that causes relative decline in commitment.

The rights of foreign nationals are enshrined in all international treaties and accepted by most countries around the world. Nevertheless, these rights have been challenged in the Middle East over the past four decades due to the escalation of political and religious conflicts, wars and the migration of millions to other countries, the purpose of this paper is to compare the educational rights of foreign nationals in the Iranian and French legal systems.The method of research is comparative and selection of countries is based on targeted sampling. The structured search method was used to collect data and the data analysis method was directed content analysis. The research findings show that there are similarities between the French and Iran legal systems in terms of accepting international treaties - in which the educational rights of foreign nationals are clearly recognized. The main differences between these legal systems are the lack of a clear law on the practical implementation of the educational rights of foreign nationals for about forty years, the multiplicity of law codification centers for foreign nationals and lack of attention to role of mothers in issuing birth certificates for children in Iran and lack of clarity of educational laws relating to foreign nationals in France. Based on research findings, Iranian legislators are encouraged to review the laws related to the educational rights of foreign nationals, given the need to harmonize laws with the new developments in societies, as well as international law.