ali reza shirvani

Since the binomial distribution is discrete‎, ‎finding accurate confidence intervals for its parameters is not easily achievable‎. ‎Many approximate confidence intervals have been suggested for the binomial distribution's ratio parameter thus far‎. ‎As we know‎, ‎these confidence intervals have not been compared based on the maximum coverage probabilities‎. ‎This article aims to evaluate six widely used confidence intervals for the binomial distribution's ratio parameter‎, ‎focusing on their accurate maximum coverage probabilities criterion.

Lately, issues related to functional linear regression models with points of impact have garnered significant interest. While the literature has addressed the estimation of parameters for this model with scalar response, less attention has been paid to the asymptotic distribution of the impact points coefficients estimators. In recent literature, the asymptotic distribution has been pointed out in a particular case, but the demonstration of its validity has not been adequately addressed. By explicating the necessary requirements, we derive an important part of the asymptotic distribution of the impact points coefficients estimators in a general setting. This is a fundamental result for finding the asymptotic distribution of the impact points coefficients estimators. Moreover, we perform a simulation study to exhibit the efficiency of the obtained results.

The purpose of this research is the future study of human resource sustainability in Steel Industry: by ambidextrous learning. In terms of the type of result, this study is considered applied, and from the point of view of the goal, it is placed in the category of exploratory studies that have been carried out using quantitative and qualitative models. The present study does not follow one type of research method, but uses a separate method to answer the formulated questions according to each department. Therefore, based on the nature of collection, this study can be classified as mixed research. The statistical population in the qualitative part was 12 experts in the field of public administration, and in the quantitative part 25 human resource managers of companies active in the steel industry participated in this study. The result of this study in the qualitative part of the existence of 3 categories; There were 13 components and 47 themes for the development of human resources sustainability, which were confirmed based on Delphi analysis. Then, by selecting 2 factors from the total identified components as the basis of scenario creation, 7 themes identified as sub-factors of scenario creation were examined.

Social entrepreneurship is a concept derived from entrepreneurship; but it has purposes and goals different from entrepreneurship. Social entrepreneurship activity intends to solve a social problem or to encourage social activity to create a sustainable solution. The purpose of this research was to design a digital social entrepreneurship model and test and fit it through structural equation modeling.
The research is a mixed qualitative and quantitative method. It is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory. The qualitative part is based on data-based theory and the quantitative part is based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population was the qualitative part of the research on businesses in the social and digital fields of the country. The data is based on interviews with 11 expert entrepreneurs and activists of these two business areas, through targeted sampling using the snowball method and a quantitative part by distributing researcher-made questionnaires among the entrepreneurs and managers of the above two regions. Has been collected. Validity and reliability were evaluated and confirmed by the Lincoln and Goba method. Qualitative data analysis was done with the help of Maxquda.2020 software and quantitative data analysis was done with SPSS and Smart PLS.3 software.
Based on the results of the qualitative part of the research, the concept of digital social entrepreneurship has formed the central phenomenon of the model. Out of 33 influential components, causal conditions with four components: personality traits, people's role models, neglected needs of society, special advantages of digital approach; Background conditions with the following components: society's acceptance, availability of entrepreneurship platform, knowledge and expertise of entrepreneurship and application of suitable tools of digital approach; Intervening factors in three categories: strengthening, weakening and potential; Strategies under five categories: partnership strategy, program formulation and professional implementation, facilitating conditions and supporting social businesses, long-term gradual growth and modeling; The consequences have been identified with the following components: the excellence of the society, the acquisition of a superior social position, the promotion of public welfare, the acceleration of affairs, the development of businesses, and the satisfaction of satisfied needs, and based on the findings of the quantitative part, the main relationships of the research model and Confirmed.
If social entrepreneurs advance their activities toward solving social problems, with the bias of digitalization and using online services, they will be able to provide faster, more valuable, and wider services, beyond the territory of Providing a place for more needy people.

The aim of the present study was to design and elaborate the neuro-coaching model (neuroscience of coaching) at Isfahan Steel Company.

This research is an applied study and, in terms of methodology, a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) research. The statistical population of the study consisted of 15 experts from Islamic Azad Universities and managers of the Isfahan Steel Company. In the qualitative section, their opinions were used to identify and code the categories. For modeling purposes, the statistical population included a group of officials from the Isfahan Steel Company. Cochran's formula was used for sampling, resulting in a sample size of 384, and the sampling method was randomly accessible. To identify the factors, interviews were conducted initially, and with the help of open coding, selective coding, and axial coding, categories and concepts were extracted.

The results of included 41 axial codes and 251 open codes. Subsequently, in the next stage, using confirmatory factor analysis, the axial, causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and outcomes were examined. Finally, consensus was reached on 209 open codes and 40 selective codes. For modeling, structural equations and partial least squares (PLS) with Smart PLS software were utilized. The results indicated that the neuro-coaching model (neuroscience of coaching) at Isfahan Steel Company is underpinned by 8 causal conditions, 8 contextual conditions, 6 intervening factors, and 7 strategies, leading to 11 major outcomes for Isfahan Steel Company. These outcomes include: improved neural process performance, personal growth and development, empowerment and psychological improvement, enhanced interactions and satisfaction, improved performance and cost reduction, psychology and personal relationships, interaction and communications, personal and psychological growth, individual and professional development, interactions and exercises, and the quality and effectiveness of neural solutions.

In conclusion, the neuro-coaching model holds significant promise for transforming coaching practices and enhancing organizational outcomes. The integration of neuroscience principles provides a robust framework for developing more effective and scientifically grounded coaching interventions.

The production of digital content is the key to the success of businesses in the competitive market particularly evident in the fashion and clothing industry where turnover rates are notably high. Considering the importance of the subject in this study, the components of digital content production in marketing in the fashion and clothing industry were identified. The current study is an applied-developmental study in terms of its purpose, and it is a cross-sectional survey research in terms of the method and time frame of data collection. Semi-structured interviews with fashion industry managers and marketing professors were used to collect data. The Holstein method was used to validate the qualitative analysis and the observed agreement coefficient was estimated at 0.712. The community of research participants was experienced fashion industry managers and university professors in the field of marketing management. Sampling was done with a purposeful method and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 21 interviews. To analyze the research data, the qualitative analysis of the theme and MaxQDA software were used. Research findings showed that technical and non-technical factors ,management, are the underlying factors of the model that affect the production of digital content. The quality, user-friendliness, popularity, security and interactivity of the media also provide the necessary platform for the production of digital content. Since the content is produced for the customer, the role of the customer should not be neglected, and customer satisfaction, loyalty, trust and participation are the consequences of this model. Finally, content production should be based on quality, aesthetics, Planning and having value to provide customer-oriented goals for fashion industry businesses in digital content production

The current research was designed with the aim of developing the performance model of service-oriented public management in government organizations.

This research has a qualitative approach and the foundation data method was used. The studied population in the current research included experts who are knowledgeable about the research subject, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and with the approach of selecting a homogeneous sample and at the same time observing the maximum diversity. This problem was formed until theoretical saturation was reached. Finally, 14 semi-structured interviews were conducted in this regard. These people included experts who had full knowledge of the topic of the current research. In other words, from a scientific and practical point of view, he had valuable records in this regard. The data collection tool in this research was a semi-structured interview.

The results of the research showed that the causal conditions include national aspects, citizenship rights, quality of response, quality of service delivery and public trust. In other words, the nature of these factors has caused the presentation of the service-oriented public management performance development model of public organizations to be understood more. It was also determined that background conditions include organizational dynamics, internal excellence, technical knowledge, motivational system and management transformation, and intervening conditions include macro and micro conditions. The development strategies of the public administration performance of the service-oriented government organizations are also in three parts of long-term, medium-term and short-term strategies.

Therefore, it can be concluded that; by holding training courses to improve accountability in the organization, creating an elite training system in organizations, etc., he helped to develop the service-oriented public management performance of government organizations.

Social entrepreneurship often pursues broad goals in the social, environmental and cultural fields and is often connected and cooperated with the voluntary and non-profit sector. Social entrepreneurship is looking for useful methods to promote social justice and creatively solve problems and social challenges of the society. Feeling the need to create a balance between the two categories of economic development and social justice motivates the social entrepreneur to take advantage of opportunities and effective methods that have a more general social return. The current research aims to design a digital social entrepreneurship model and provide solutions to social problems through the digital platform and virtual space in order to develop social services and using a data-based approach based on three stages of open, central and selective coding. has been The statistical population of the research was all the businesses in the social and digital fields of the country, and considering the quality of the research, sampling was done by identifying very successful examples and expert entrepreneurs in these two business fields using the snowball method. and has been deeply studied and considering the lack of qualitative research in the field of digital social entrepreneurship, theoretical saturation has been reached based on interviews with11 successful experts and activists in these two fields.The findings of the research have led to the identification of 33 influential components in the form of categories of causal and contextual conditions, interveners and strategies for the realization of digital social entrepreneurship and the explanation of its consequences

Context: 

cultural, social and political differences of the countries have been the source of additional problems in the application of the bureaucratic model.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the inadequacies of the modern bureaucratic system in Iran with a periodic comparative approach and to design a comprehensive model of bureaucratic leadership based on the leadership teachings of Cyrus the Great.

Among the related concepts, 128 lessons were obtained by using the comparative content analysis method in the field of three common components of leadership. In the community of experts, the snowball method was used and 13 people participated in the implementation of the three-step Delphi technique. The verification of extracted variables in the form of three components was done by using the opinion of experts and its validity was confirmed by professors and management, cultural and historical experts.

show that in the design of a comprehensive leadership model, "correctness of leadership", "honesty in leadership", "the existence of strategic thinking", respectively, have the highest rank among outstanding leadership traits, principles and skills.

model, Cyrus the Great had what today's thinkers consider as leadership traits, principles and skills, and this is a source of pride.

Basically, the progressing society without the presence and existence of specialized work resources with strong tendencies towards ethics and professional principles in the work environment will not be able to achieve its lofty goals and experience development and growth in various economic, political and cultural sectors. Based on this, the current research aims to provide a model of professionalism in the system Iran administration was done. The current research is a qualitative research method. Research in terms of the result of the component It is developmental-applied research that the statistical population of this research is 25 elite people identified in the University of Medical Sciences They were from Shiraz, who were interviewed who had at least 10 years of experience and had a master's degree and a doctorate and the snowball sampling continued until the opinions of these experts reached the point of theoretical saturation and direction Conducting research after designing the general questions and formulating the interview process, conducting in-depth interviews with experts became. The data collected in this research were combined using thematic analysis technique. To review the validity of the research findings was presented to the participants and the text of the theory was studied by them and their points of view were applied at the end of this research, it was studied and reviewed by the professors, and some points were made to modify or change the final theory became. Reliability of data by showing the path of researchers' decisions and also placing all the raw data of the analysis done, the codes, categories, the process of studying the primary goals and questions were given to the academic professors and the desired corrections applied. In order to analyze the data, schematic analysis and data base theory were used. In the presented model, Citizen Orientation and social accountability as causal factors, organizational conditions as background factors, requirements and necessity environmental factors as intervening factors. In addition, with strategies such as creating open doors for dialogue Knowledge and convergence of actions with professionalism can lead to consequences such as social, financial and behavioral functional results Clients and employees found hands.

The present study aimed to apply the neuro-coaching model in Esfahan Steel Company. This research is applied in terms of its objective and belongs to the category of qualitative grounded theory studies of an exploratory nature, conducted in two phases. In the first phase, after reviewing the literature, 15 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted using theoretical purposive sampling (including experts from Islamic Azad Universities and managers of Esfahan Steel Company). Data were gathered until theoretical saturation was reached. To analyze the data collected from the interviews, the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin was implemented, and the analysis was carried out in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. At the end, a summary of the formulated model was presented to four professors, and their feedback was collected for revision and adjustment. To ensure the reliability of the data, the criteria of grounded theory, including understandability, fit, controllability, and generalizability, as proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2008), were carefully examined. In the next phase, using confirmatory factor analysis, the axial, causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and outcomes were examined. Finally, consensus was reached on 209 open codes and 40 selective codes. Structural equation modeling and partial least squares (PLS) with Smart PLS software were used for modeling. The research findings indicated that the neuro-coaching model in Esfahan Steel Company is based on 8 causal conditions, 8 contextual conditions, 6 intervening factors, and 7 strategies. Ultimately, 11 major outcomes were identified for Esfahan Steel Company, which include: improvement of neural processes, personal growth and development, empowerment and psychological improvement, enhancement of interactions and satisfaction, performance improvement and cost reduction, psychology and personal relationships, interactions and communications, personal and psychological growth, personal and professional development, interactions and practices, and the quality and effectiveness of neural solutions.

In recent years, many efforts have been made to guide investors in the field of rail transportation. Comparing the performance of Toka Steel companies using financial accounting indicators shows that the companies are not ranked higher in all indicators. Financial indicators show an overview of the efficiency of the capital used by these companies.The purpose of this research is to determine the best company in Toka Foulad companies. For this purpose, in a studied period in 1400, index calculations were done using the companies' financial documents. 289 questionnaires were distributed to determine the dominant DNA of the companies. The two indicators of fixed asset turnover and return of investment return rate to assets have the greatest impact on the ranking of companies. The ELECTERI method determined that companies that own locomotives and are engaged in maintenance activities have a higher rating than companies that own wagons. By using organizational DNA behavior and determining dominant DNA (meaningful DNA), the internal performance of top companies was investigated. The final result showed that the efficiency of investment in the discussed companies in the rail transportation system is based on locomotive ownership, repairs and wagon ownership.

In the present research   the relationship between the dimensions of mental image, brand awareness and brand recognition in attracting customers, has been investigated and analyzed with   marketing of electronic services (the case study of Iran Postbank) especially taken into account. E-marketing has greatly facilitated the banking operation. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey and correlational as regards the nature of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes managers and senior supervisors of Iran Postbank. The sample size of the research is 168 people, and simple sampling method was used, and 117 people were selected for the research. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used with the help of PLS ​​software. The results of this research showed that the variables of mental image, brand awareness and brand recognition have a significant and positive impact on the marketing of electronic services, also the marketing of services has a positive and significant impact on customer attraction and the marketing of electronic banking services will increase customer attraction. Given the increasing competition among Iranian banks and the challenge of attracting new customers and keeping current customers, as discussed in this research, brand awareness is one of the most important factors affecting customer attraction in the bank.

The aim provide a model for managing digital human resources in gas refineriesa qualitative method of grounded theory. The data collection tool in this research is a semi-structured and in-depth interview. The validity of the research data was verified through returning to the interviewees, in-depth description and external auditors. showed that the model in National Gas Company of Iran has 35 main categories and 167 subcategories. The community consists of managers, elites and specialists in the field of human resources, among which interviews were conducted with 21 employees to the extent of data saturation; Sampling was done in a targeted method dependent on criteria; model consists of causal elements (technological development; environmental complexities; new attitude to management), intervening conditions (organizational interventions; changeability of human resources management), background conditions (technological culture; infrastructures).content, strategies (supportive strategies, development strategies, maintenance and care), outcomes (innovation and improvement, performance productivity, management, human resource development).

Today, technological changes have caused the development of knowledge in the field of technology in organizations, and managers need to use computer technology for the progress of the organization. In addition, the Internet has become an essential part of the work and daily life of many people. Spending work time for various non-work activities is called cyber loafing. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors and consequences of cyber loafing. The method of this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, which was done in the qualitative part by using the foundation data method and through interviews with experts, and in the quantitative part, through a questionnaire made by the researcher from the employees of government organizations in Isfahan city. The statistical population is the employees of twelve government organizations in the city of Isfahan, and the number of 363 people was determined based on simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis was used. Based on the results, the factors of cyber loafing in three categories: individual (personality trait, individual's attitude to work, individual characteristics, individual motivation, emotions, individual's perception of the environment, value and importance of work), group (communication, behaviors that promote social idleness) , contradiction and conflict), organizational (organizational structure, organizational policy and rules, dominant organizational culture, transformation and organizational technology) and individual, group and organizational consequences were identified.

The present study was designed and conducted with the aim of analyzing the interactive relationships of factors affecting the development of service-oriented public management performance of government organizations. The present research is one of the mixed researches which was done in the form of qualitative and quantitative methods and according to its application in organizational environments is one of the applied researches. Fuzzy Delphi method was used in the qualitative part and Demetel method was used in the quantitative part. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The statistical population of the present study included experts aware of the subject. In order to identify these samples, purposive sampling method was used. Finally, 14 people were identified as the research sample. In other words, due to the nature of the quantitative research method (Dimtel approach) that need experts and people aware of the research topic; Therefore, the statistical population of the research was qualitatively and quantitatively the same. The collection tool of the present study in the qualitative section is a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative analysis of the research, Demetel method was used. Because the Demetel method examines the relationships between factors and determines that the effect on one factor causes the effect on other factors, the above method was used to study and analyze the relationships between the effective factors. According to the results, it was found that internal excellence and managerial transformation as causal factors and organizational dynamics, technical knowledge and motivational system as causal factors.

The functional linear regression model with points of impact is a recent augmentation of the classical functional linear model with many practically important applications‎. ‎It is assumed that there exists an unknown number of impact points‎, ‎that is discrete observation times where the corresponding functional values possess significant influences on the response variable‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we obtain some asymptotic properties of the model that can be used for further statistical inferences about the response variable‎. ‎Specifically‎, ‎rates of convergence for eigenfunctions estimates of the predictor covariance operator evaluated at the impact points estimates are derived‎. ‎These are important results‎, ‎because we do not have true eigenfunctions and impact points in applications and we have to use their estimates instead.

Today, the increasing development of societies has led to the indiscriminate use of natural resources; Environmental degradation; various pollutions have been created and this factor is a threat to the sustainable development of these communities. Therefore, it is necessary for organizations as the largest members of communities to recognize the effects of their behaviors on the environment and to take measures to reduce the negative effects of these behaviors on natural ecosystems. The purpose of this research is measuring the sustainability of green human resource management in the steel industry.

 The methodology of this research is developmental and combined and based on the nature of the research, an attempt was made to identify the dimensions of sustainability of green human resource management based on Meta Synthetic and Delphi analysis in the qualitative part of the research. Then, in a small part, Interpretive ranking process and Mick Mac were used to identify the most effective dimension of green human resource management sustainability at the level of steel companies.

Fidings: 

These components were evaluated through Delphi analysis and the results of this section showed that all seven dimensions were approved. The results in the quantitative part of the research showed that from the total impact based on the pair scale between the components of the research, the percentage of the impact of the sustainability component of green professional identity flow has a more effective role in environmental sustainability than other components of green human resource management.

The identity of the green profession, which is based on the values of social contexts, can contribute to the sustainability of human resource management functions against the environment. In other words, the existence of stimuli arising from the functions of green human resource management will encourage adherence to values and social norms outside the organization, and this can pave the way for the formation of the dominant culture of green human resource management in the organization.

 Managers’ competencies can influence the organization’s development and effectively promote and improve management and implementation of planned changes. This study addresses developing the pattern of specific competence of senior managers of universities of medical sciences.

 This research was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative phases in 2021-2022. First, it was done using a qualitative approach using conventional content analysis. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The data from the interviews with 17 participants through the purposeful sampling method depended on the criteria. In the second phase, the variables identified in the first phase were measured through the correlation method and structural equation model using AMOS software. The tool for collecting information in this phase was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the first phase of the research. The respondents, Lawshe’s content validity ratio coefficient, and factor analysis confirmed the questionnaire’s face, content, and construct validity. Its reliability was estimated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient at higher than 0.7. The study population of this department consists of managers in the departments of a medical sciences university (n=196).

 The findings showed that 43 subscales were placed in 18 general categories in a paradigm model (causal factors, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences). The causal factor coefficient of the main category was 0.57, background factors on strategies were 0.59, intervening factors on strategies were 0.43, and the main category on strategies was 0.52. Finally, the factor coefficient of the strategies on the results was obtained at 0.46.

 The results of this research may contribute to knowledge about the unique competencies of top managers in the development and improvement of human resources to achieve the organization’s goals and success. These competencies can be considered in evaluating and selecting talented human resources.

Today's cities are considered as one of the greatest achievements of human culture and civilization in the present era. Looking at the category of urban management from the point of view of justice is one of the most fundamental pillars of urban governance. If social justice is a set of strategies, decisions, laws, behaviors, services, construction measures and social assistance and distribution of opportunities, by urban management (assuming the enjoyment and equal access of citizens), the necessity of realizing justice-oriented urban governance becomes clear. The purpose of the research is to design an urban management model based on justice in the municipalities of Isfahan province.

 a combined method (quantitative and qualitative) was carried out based on the foundational data theory approach, first, a qualitative method was used to count the components of the initial model and a quantitative method was used to determine the validation of the obtained components for the localization and specialization of the model.

 In the open coding phase, 179 primary concepts were extracted. In the axial coding stage, 32 subcategories were classified and finally in the selective coding stage with 5 main categories. The data obtained using the structural equation model and Smart PLS software( version 2 )was analyzed.

 According to the presented model as well as the proposed strategies in this research, the social, economic, citizenship and spiritual behavioral consequences will be realized, which will have the greatest impact on the consequences of citizenship.

Organizational overweight reduction is a method that organizations use to reduce costs, focus on core processes, improve services, and improve skills. By adopting an organizational overweight reduction policy, an organization can focus only on the activities for which it has been assigned and undertake tasks that are just related to its organizational goals. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to present and explain the reduction model. Organizational overweight was a liberalization approach in state-owned companies in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The research method was applied and exploratory. The statistical population of the research included the managers and deputies of state-owned companies in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province; the sample size of 20 people was determined by the theoretical saturation method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, validity of which was verified by experts and reliability was verified using Cronbach's alpha. The results demonstrated that the dimensions of the model included 8 main themes: internal factors, economic factors, human factors, organizational culture, technology, software facilities, hardware, knowledge and skills and communication, organizational structure: planning, coordination and information flow, organizational culture, changing forces Competitive technology software, hardware, knowledge and skills, communications and organizational agility. Due to the model fit, the findings were highly valid.

 Managers play a vital and decisive role at the heart of organizations because they are considered the most important competitive advantage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model for the specific competence model of the top managers of medical science universities in Iran.

 This applied, exploratory research was done using qualitative-inductive approach and the Strauss and Corbin basic theory method in the medical sciences universities of Iran from 2019 to 2022. The study population of this grounded theory-based qualitative research consisted of 17 individuals selected from among the chancellors and vice-chancellors of medical universities in Iran using purposive sampling.

 The findings indicated 19 general categories in a model, including causal conditions (targeted organization, organizational indicators, competence factors, and individual factors), and central phenomenon (specific competence of senior managers). The other categories were underlying conditions (organizational characteristics, environmental field, external macro factors, and components of economic competence), and intervening conditions (personality traits, managerial intelligence, and management of changes and time). The remaining categories encompassed strategies (competence factors, education and talent management, managerial factors, standardization, and organizational factors) and consequences (organizational and national development in the field of health, medicine and welfare, society, and service management).

 The competencies of managers, as the key human resource, are extremely important for the success of the organization. The findings of this study demonstrated that the specific competencies of senior managers can be used as an indicator.

This research aims to explain the organizational ambidexterity model in Saderat Bank of Iran and its dimensions. Ambidexterity refers to the ability to succeed in two contradictory abilities at the same time, for example, ambidexterity such as exploiting current opportunities and discovering and creating new opportunities for the future, adaptation, alignment, flexibility, and efficiency. This research was conducted using a qualitative-inductive approach using the Strauss-Corbin grounded theory method. The data were obtained from the interviews conducted with 25 employees and qualified professionals of Saderat Bank of Iran and were analyzed through the three stages of open, central, and selective coding. Twelve general categories in the form of a paradigm model were identified, which included causal conditions (individual factors, organizational factors, group factors, and environmental factors), central phenomenon (organizational ambidexterity), contextual conditions (intellectual capital), intervening conditions (job-related factors, learning factors), strategies (individual strategy, organizational strategy) and consequences (individual consequences, group consequences, organizational consequences). Ambidexterity can increase the scope and depth of knowledge identified and used by the organization by focusing on two levels of knowledge: 1. paying attention to new knowledge due to its discovery capability and, 2. paying attention to current knowledge due to its exploitation capability. It can also help the development culture of learning and intelligence and enhance competitiveness.

This research aimed to improve organizational efficiency in Iran's administrative system based on knowledge-based human resource management. The research was conducted using mixed methods. The grounded theory was used in the qualitative part, and in the quantitative part, the structural equation model with partial least squares approach was used. In the qualitative part, the statistical population, according to its subject area, included 10 elites and experts of the telecommunications company. Their opinions were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were entered into the ATLAS TI software.  To fit the model, a questionnaire was designed using the identified codes. In the quantitative part of the current research, in addition to the elites of the telecommunications company, some members of top managers (15 people) from twenty units of the telecommunications company in the country were also added to the statistical population. According to the statistical population of 600 people, the studied sample included 234 people calculated based on Morgan's table. The information collected from the questionnaires was analyzed using SMARTPLS 3 software. Based on the analysis of the identified codes, a model with causal, strategy, consequence, intervention, and contextual components was determined. Also, in the structural equation model analysis, the model was confirmed. The results indicated that to increase organizational efficiency, managers should localize knowledge-based human resource management practices in organizations. In addition, it is important to impart appropriate knowledge, training, and expertise to employees so that they feel motivated and highly skilled in their jobs.

In spite of the sufferings and problems that Corona crisis created for people all around the world   it has had  the advantage that the decision-making process needed to be reviewed  it through   institutions , organizations  and companies. It is helpful  in order to reduce the risk of decision-making error for the public interest and the sustainability of organizations  by maintaining  human resources, providing  financial resources , upgrading  knowledge and the ability of the organization. To manage the crisis situations, at first it requires  to know the complexity and level of crisis, then understanding the environmental conditions and finally  the speed of changes and the uncertainty that caused by crisis. In order to make a decision – making model in this condition we require basic theory for answering the  research questions and this will be done by grounded theory process  after creation the theory and trying  to improve that by secondary data analysis. In this paper , we explain how to develop basic theory to know decision making process in Corona crisis for SME’s that  in line with qualitative goals of research.