alireza amini

The background and objectives of the present research is to study and examine the interdependence between the countries of Central Asia and the Caucasus and Iran regarding the existence of an interwoven network of extensive forms of security, political and cultural ties in the region and to examine the factors and obstacles to the growth of tourism between Iran and the regions of Central Asia and the Caucasus. The field of study of the current research includes the undeniable necessity of the growth and development of tourism among the countries of Central Asia, Qafaz and Iran at the regional level and the investigation of the obstacles to the growth of tourism in this region. A need that, considering the countless obstacles and challenges that exist in the region, does not show a clear future if not resolved. The research method of the present study is based on the constructivist theory. The most important question of this research is what are the major obstacles to the growth and development of tourism between Iran and Central Asia and the Caucasus? The research findings seek to prove the hypothesis that, considering the effective ethical aspects in the development of tourism and considering the common cultural heritage between Iran and Central Asia and the Caucasus, the most important cultural opportunity in attracting foreign tourists and weakness in diplomacy Cultural, the presence of regional and extra-regional cultural competitors and Iran-phobia have become the main obstacles to the development of tourism in the Central Asia and Caucasus region. The discussion and results of this research, which is historical-analytical.

 Iran's economy is among those experiencing a "demographic dividend window," a period extending to the next two decades (2040). Capitalizing on this golden opportunity plays a crucial role in the country's economic and social development. This study aims to identify strategies and solutions, and propose implementable health sector programs to realize this demographic dividend.

 This qualitative study employed structured interviews with 11 health experts, purposively sampled in 2021. Following a presentation of demographic theory, experts were asked to explain strategies and solutions for achieving demographic dividend in the health sector. Interview content was analyzed using axial coding with MaxQDA 2018 software.

 Based on research conducted in the field of health policy, including expert interviews and a review of World Health Organization documents, 4 key areas for achieving demographic dividend in health are: "reducing premature mortality," "reducing disability caused by diseases and accidents," "increasing the quantity and quality of births," and "improving the quality of life for the elderly." Target setting and monitoring for achieving the demographic dividend are facilitated by 11 indicators across the following areas: monitoring of leading causes of death (2 indicators), reproductive and maternal health (2 indicators), health financing (3 indicators), public health and sanitation (2 indicators), and access to healthcare (2 indicators).

 Achieving and sustaining demographic dividend gains requires developing a preventive system based on policies for "active disease detection and monitoring of risk factors," "population-based nutritional policies," and "health education and health promotion." Simultaneously, it necessitates strengthening health system infrastructure, including "transforming the role and status of health insurance," "improving equity in access to health services," "reforming health financing structures," and "developing health services based on demographic needs."

What is important in the Ukraine crisis is not Ukraine's internal problems or the fight against corruption and dictatorship, but rather an international conflict over power and influence in the region that has brought Russia and America to face each other. In all the years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia on one side and European countries and America on the other side have been competing with each other. The developments in Ukraine and issues such as regime change as well as its subsequent consequences such as the secession of the Crimean peninsula and the continuation of unrest, instability and war in this country can be considered as a serious example of the conflicting interests of Russia and America in the international system. In the present study, which is descriptive, historical and analytical in nature, the required data and information have been collected using a library method, and while addressing the geopolitical position and importance of Ukraine for Russia and the United States, the impact of the war between Russia and Ukraine on the decline of the United States and the acceleration of Change in the new world order is discussed. The result of the present research shows that Russia's war against Ukraine has not only caused America to fail to achieve its goals, but has also caused the American hegemony to decline. In the current research, a qualitative method of explanatory type and electronic and written sources have been used.

One of the most crucial mechanisms and tools for achieving the objectives of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the formulation and implementation of effective cultural diplomacy. The importance of this matterstems from the role of cultural diplomacy in establishing communication with both elites and the general public. In recent years, the significance and development of cultural diplomacy have increasingly attracted the attention of policymakers, officials, agents, and academic circles within the Islamic Republic of Iran. The values and culture of the Islamic Revolution, characterized by universal features such as the pursuit of justice, freedom, independence, anti-imperialism, opposition to oppression, and defense of the oppressed and the downtrodden, aim to establish order through various tools of cultural diplomacy. These tools include media diplomacy, scientific, educational, artistic, tourism, religious, and linguistic diplomacy, leveraging the capacitiesof various organizations, institutions, and entities responsible for cultural matters, and utilizing an efficient workforce. The present study employs a descriptive-analytical method to address the question: What is the status of the cultural diplomacy ofthe Islamic Republic of Iran based on constructivist theory? The findings of the research indicate that, according to constructivist theory, various levels of threat have emerged in response to the structural configurations of the Islamic Republic of Iran, thereby creating the necessary conditions for the production of national security discourse based on soft power indicators.

Managers always play a vital role in organizations. On the one hand, the role of prominent managers in earning money and organizational success is obvious in many successful organizations today. This research was done with the aim of designing and developing a model of lean leadership competencies. The current research method is descriptive-exploratory based on a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the research is industry experts and university professors (government administration), 15 of them were selected using the purposeful sampling method and the approach of selecting key people and the theoretical criteria. The main tool for collecting research data is a semi-structured interview. The tool of data analysis and interview is theme analysis. The method of data analysis in the qualitative section is using open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The validity of the interview questions was used by the criteria of acceptability and reliability, and the results of Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the interview questions have reliability.The findings were categorized in the form of three sets of basic, organizing, and comprehensive themes and organized in the form of a network of themes. Based on the obtained results, the mentioned model consists of 5 inclusive themes and 24 themes.

The primary objective of this study is to examine the relationship between social media use and job performance, with a specific focus on exploring the mediating roles of technostress, social capital, and job satisfaction. The study focused on Fars Regional Electric Company employees in Iran. The study relied on a descriptive survey method and collected data through a questionnaire in which the items were measured according to a five-point Likert scale. PLS software has employed structural equation modeling, or SEM, to test the research hypotheses. Results revealed that social media usage led to technostress, although the effects of social media usage on job satisfaction and job performance were not confirmed. However, job satisfaction positively affected the employees’ job performance. Furthermore, social media usage increased the employees’ level of social capital, while social capital left a positive effect on the employees’ job satisfaction and performance. Meanwhile, the effects of technostress on job satisfaction and performance were rejected. Investigating the mediation effects revealed that job satisfaction did not mediate the relationship between social media and job performance and that technostress did not significantly mediate the relationship between social media and job performance. Nevertheless, job satisfaction had a mediation effect on the relationship between social capital and job performance, and social capital had a mediation effect on the relationship between social media usage and job performance. The mediation effect of technostress on the relationship between social media and job performance was rejected.

The purpose of the current study is to identify the effective factors in improving the emotional, cognitive and behavioral experiences of customers at the most critical touch points before purchase. In this regard, a mixed exploratory design has been used in the form of two consecutive studies. In the first study, the factors affecting the pre-purchase experiences of customers have been extracted through Sandelowski's 7-step approach for qualitative meta-synthesis of studies. This means that 1268 primary studies were included in the screening process (title, abstract and content) and were reduced to 48 final studies related to the content and valid according to the critical skills evaluation checklist. In the second study, all the identified effective factors were gradually introduced during 16 experimental scenarios to evaluate and test the effect of manipulating these factors on the dependent variable (customer experience). The research sample in this study was 480 customers of Shiraz arts and crafts who were selected through non-probability sampling method. The results of multi-factor variance analysis and marginal mean estimation of the data show that the component of recommendations and social references with the acquisition of the largest effect size is the most important factor in shaping customers' pre-purchase experiences, and other factors are the level of customer familiarity with the brand, the perceived value of the product. , the type of media selected in promotional activities, the level of information access, the level of personalization of benefits and offers are placed in the next priorities respectively.

The purpose of the present research is to study effective purposes and criteria of the U.S foreign policy in the Middle East from the view of smart power. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the results showed that experiences of the past decades convinced the White House politicians to adopt smart power policy for collaboration and opposition as well as peaceful methods for making relations with middle eastern countries. Therefore, a new perspective was opened in western relations with the Middle East. Smart power and all its criteria made the White House politicians attempt to follow their objectives by that. Their purposes include rebuilding the U.S deteriorated foreign policy image during recent decades, public opinion management in the Middle East, improvement and betterment of its executive policies in the region, avoidance of coalition in the region against the U.S and Israel, supporting the emergence of moderate governments based on liberal democracy, sustenance of relative peace and stability in the region according to the U.S favorites, and maintenance of military bases in the U.S allies’ countries.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate and identify the factors and instances of globalization in the attitude of reformist and fundamentalist elites. The research had a practical objective and data collection was conducted by library study through a descriptive and analytical method. The results showed that since globalization is a project proposed by reformist elites and compatible with their intellectual foundation, it inevitably has caused improvement in different fields of identity, culture, economy, politics, foreign policy, and national sovereignty. On the other hand, since conservative and fundamentalist elites believe in an ideological government, ideological and traditional discourse, and mass society, globalization from their viewpoint could not bring any opportunity and has had no result but threatening the identity, culture, economy, politics, foreign policy, and national sovereignty of the country. It seems that this group of elites do not have an optimist attitude toward globalization to bring any opportunities in the fields of identity, culture, economy, politics, foreign policy, and national sovereignty.

In this article, we discussed and analyzed the foreign policy of Ahmad Qawam in 5 periods of the army, two periods during the time of Ahmad Shah Qajar and three periods during the period of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi. And based on the evidence that we saw in the 5 Qawam cabinets, we can say that Qawam's foreign policy is not a positive balance, as Dr. Yarvand Abrahamian said in the book Iran between Two Revolutions, but Ahmad Qawam is part of the third force. Since the first government in June 1300, Qavam has looked at the newly emerging power of the 20th century, the United States of America, and gives the concession of North oil to the American company Stead Oil. He invites friends. In 1321, a group of American military advisers brought Colonel Schwarzkopf to Iran to organize the Iranian Gendarmerie and Police. In 1324 to 1326, the fourth government of Qawam was formed. He helped the American government to evacuate Iran from the forces of the Soviet Red Army.

With the emergence of Global Value Chains and the participation of countries in these chains, new discussions of industrial policy were formed. One of the main tools of industrial policy that leads to the presence and participation in GVCs is the adoption of science, technology and innovation policies. Based on the studies, product complexity, technology absorption and research and development activities indicators are among the most important indicators related to this policy. Examining the adoption of this policy on participation in GVCs in the framework of the GMM is one of the main goals of this article. To estimate the model, panel data for the years 2008-2020, a sample of 161 countries, has been used by the method of generalized moments. The results show that the adoption of science, technology and innovation policies in the framework of industrial policies increases the participation of countries in GVCs. Therefore, based on the results of the research, it is necessary for countries, while prioritizing their development programs to increase participation and stabilization in GVCs, through the integration of science, technology and innovation policy to research and development activities, absorption of technology and product complexity. In addition, incentive policies such as investing in research and development, resource allocation and creating mechanisms for the development of technology absorption in the agenda of their programs.

Human resources are among the intangible assets of an organization, the result of their attitudes can lead or hinder the organization in achieving its goals. Among these attitudes are job enthusiasm and organizational indifference, which are at opposite ends of the spectrum; In such a way that it is necessary to reach job passion to get away from the forces that create indifference because indifference is considered a destructive attitude. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting job enthusiasm and indifference of employees of Fars Regional Electrical Company. In order to collect data, firstly, 64 common factors affecting job engagement and indifference were identified by metacombination method; Then, by weighting according to the best-worst fuzzy method, the results indicated that the productive attitude and psychological empowerment, job attractions and justice-oriented are the most important factors.Then, he analyzed the relationship with Fuzzy Dematel method and the results indicated that the efficiency of the supervisor, unbalanced job demands, centered justice are influential factors and psychological empowerment, personality dynamics, productive attitude are influential factors. Finally, in order to measure the current situation, 213 staff members of Fars Regional Electric Company were selected from a community of 580 people by simple random method and it was found that job attractions scored the most driving points and justice-oriented with Earning a negative score was identified as an inhibitor of job engagement.

In recent decades, consumer markets have faced the challenges of increasing brand convergence, a lack of understanding of the differences between competing offerings, and the reduction of switching costs. This has revised traditional customer-oriented practices inevitably and forces organizations to struggle to find and implement a component beyond technical requirements. Customer experience as one of the most promising management approaches is a new solution to facing these challenges. The purpose of this study is to identify factors on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral experiences in pre-purchase touch points and determine which of the experimental strategies leads to exceeding the standards and expectations of customers. The current research is planned with a mixed approach and in the form of two consecutive processes. In the first phase, the factors affecting the pre-purchase experiences of customers have been identified through the synthesis of existing literature and studies. For this purpose, 1268 articles focusing on customer experience were reduced to 26 final studies in the screening process. In the second phase, relying on the combined approach of graph theory (matrix permanents), the governing internal relationships between the research components and measuring their importance levels were determined. To achieve this purpose, according to the value judgment of the evaluator group (selected from the statistical population of handicrafts customers), the type of governing relationships between the research components at the sub-system level has been determined and then, the hypothetical values and the degree of proximity of each factor to the limit is evaluated. The results indicate that the five main components of promotional actions, information, product, brand, and social interactions can effectively guide customers' pre-purchase experiences. The results of the analysis of the internal relations of the graphs show that among the mentioned components, social interactions (with a coefficient of 0.482 close to the ideal hypothetical value) have the highest level of importance in the industry of traditional and handicraft arts.

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting users’ identification and selection of influencers on Instagram. Therefore, the study focused on the frequency and diversity of active influencers on Instagram as a social media platform. It sought to designate the key indicators and mental shortcuts employed by users to identify and select influencers before collaborating with them. Through empirical investigations, the study proposed a framework composed of effective factors.

This study is an applied, developmental research that relies on an exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative) method. In the qualitative part of the study, the literature on the topic and existing documents were systematically reviewed. Next, based on the Morgan table for determining sample size in an infinite population, 384 users of influencer marketing strategy on the Instagram platform were asked to complete copies of a designed questionnaire. Equation structural modeling (ESM) was used to analyze the data collected.

After the content obtained through the qualitative stage was analyzed, 22 initial categories were observed, which were classified into seven final categories considering their conceptual similarities. The final categories represented users’ mental shortcuts when they tried to identify and select influences on Instagram. Following an analysis of the relationships among the categories, they were divided into level partitions, and their driving power and dependence power diagram were drawn.

This study proposed a final model of the factors as users’ mental shortcuts in identifying and selecting influencers for financial support and collaboration purposes. The model fit also revealed causal-hierarchical relationships among the factors.

In today's competitive world, one of the ways to achieve higher economic growth is to enter the global value chains. One of the determinants of participation in global value chains, is the complexity of products. Due to the importance of this issue, in this study, the effect of degree of complexity of products on participation in global value chains for Islamic countries was measured. For this purpose, a panel data covering time series for the period of 2018-2008 for 56 Islamic countries (including Iran) was developed. Then the factors affecting participation in global value chains were examined using the generalized and the ordinary least squares method. According to the study, the complexity of Iranian products has increased significantly in the recent years, compared to the other countries. The significance of effect of product complexity index and technology absorption index on participation of Iran and Islamic countries in global value chains was statistically confirmed. Thus, one of the proposed policies for economic development and growth is to enter the global value chains by increasing the complexity of products and absorbing technology. It should be noted that no study has been conducted on this issue in Iran and this study for the first time has discussed the effect of export complexity on the participation of Islamic countries and Iran in global value chains.

This article aims to identify the consequences and effects of regional security of identityism in the Middle East by examining the identity characteristics of the Middle East. The main question of the article is "what are the characteristics of Middle Eastern identityism and what effects has it left on regional security?"

In this article, the framework of identitarianism theory as a paradigm of new regional studies was used as a research method, as well as Cohen's breaking belt approach, Thorn's new paradigm, and Melouchi's cultural rotation were also used.

The finding of the article is that "identityism in the Middle East has been formed based on religious, cultural, historical and identity differentiation and has led to low-intensity conflict and proxy wars."

In the identity conflicts of the Middle East, all kinds of official and unofficial actors are involved in political and strategic conflicts, and identity groups are trying to reproduce a new form of justice and create the ground for the realization of a new method in political relations.

The purpose of this study is to identify and rank security indicators in online social networks. Social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, WhatsApp, YouTube, and Instagram.

The information technology units of Melli Bank have been studied and 30 people have been considered as research experts. For this purpose, seven important indicators were identified and TOPSIS technique was used to prioritize the indicators. Then, using Spearman correlation test, the relationship between the identified indicators and online social network security was investigated. For this purpose, a questionnaire with 24 items was distributed and 262 samples were collected and analyzed.

The results show that security indicators in online social networks in order of priority are: implementation of authentication and licensing mechanisms, use of up-to-date software and avoidance of suspicious programs, restriction of personal information dissemination, monitoring to prevent unauthorized processing of information, compliance with standards the country's IT infrastructure, and the installation of an intruder detection system. Also, based on the results of Spearman correlation test, all factors have had a positive and significant effect on social network security.

Originality/Value: 

In this study, we concluded that there is a significant relationship between the effective factors and the security of social networks on the line defined for these networks. In fact, the development of information and communication technology infrastructures and the increase in the number of users using virtual social networks, justifies the need to create and develop a mechanism for establishing security in these communication networks.

The present study aims to detect the factors affecting work-family conflict and its indexes and also to interpret their relationship to identify the related topic and measures, including goal setting, planning, decision-making, taking preventive measures, and countermeasures for bank employees and managers.

This research is mixed. In its qualitative part, the meta-synthesis method was applied and in the quantitative part, the comprehensive fuzzy interpretive structural model was used.  In the qualitative part 3,204 pieces of research, conducted on work-family conflict, were reviewed, among which 391 articles were selected as the sample. The statistical sample in the quantitative section included all the employees of Bank Melli Iran, Bank Mellat, Bank Pasargad, Shahr Bank, Bank Sepah, Tejarat Bank, Iran Zamin Bank, and Refah Bank located in Lar city. From among them, 22 experts were chosen through nonprobability sampling for they had eight years of work experience and were experts in work-family conflict.

The findings of the qualitative section showed that the factors affecting work-family conflict can be classified into four categories i.e. occupational, family, individual, and environmental factors. Also, the work-family indexes included doubt and caution, stress and anxiety, as well as personality, physical, work, and family problems. The findings of the quantitative part proved a cause-and-effect relationship between the factors affecting work-family conflict. The causes and the indexes were classified into 8 levels. The first level (the most impressible level), included the quality of family life, psychological growth, adaptive behavior, personality depletion, and family problems. On the second level, there were self-regulation inability and physical problems. The third level included the internal control center and spiritual intelligence. The fourth level included enthusiasm for work and organization, the family’s time pressure, family expectations, doubt and caution, stress and anxiety, and work problems. On the fifth level, there were the welfare and supportive work conditions, the supporter’s leadership style, care and nursing, and cultural conditions. The sixth level included work time pressure, conflicts, and work dangers. On the seventh level, there were the background characteristics, the importance of the job position, the dynamic intra-role requirements, the social conditions, and the lack of financial security. On the eighth level (the most influential level), there were job demand stress and human-centered organization design.

On the lowest level, the job demand stress and the human-centered organization design were the most influential. Paying undivided attention to job demands can overestimate the importance of the job and increase the time pressure, conflicts, and dangers of the work. Lack of attention to human-centered organizational design can lead to the use of human resources as tools, influence support in the workplace, and develop feelings of absurdity and nonhumanity in the individuals. If such issues go unnoticed, undesirable incidents may take place, and the family life quality, psychological growth, and adaptive behavior can be harmed. It also may lead the individuals to personality depletion and family problems. Therefore, the managers are recommended to pay attention to all the mentioned issues and the relationship among them since ignoring them can create many problems for the individuals and even the organization.

The lack of a comprehensive index to measure the changes in human capital in various dimensions of the quantity and quality of education in the country has caused educational planners and policy makers to face a lack of information for planning the country's education.  This research was inspired by the model of making composite indicators published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, 2008) and consulting with fifteen academic  professors in the field of human capital. Based on the theoretical foundations, a Likert scale questionnaire was designed. After performing Cronbach's alpha test to evaluate the reliability of the research, the composite indicators of human capital of education type were weighed in two contexts of quantity and quality. Using the available statistical data, 18 indicators related to the quantity and quality of human capital of the education type for the period 2010-2017 were selected. The data were normalized and weighted using multiple criteria decision analysis and SWARA method and were aggregated by arithmetic method. Finally, the results of measuring the comprehensive index of human capital in the form of education by quantity and quality are presented which has the ability to investigate the causes of its increase and decrease, in the form of indicators of quantity and quality. The results showed that the quality of human capital has not grown in proportion to its quantity and has even decreased in some years, which indicates the government's lack of attention to improving the quality of education in the country.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the following elements between Iran and Turkey within the time period of 1990 until now:- Social contexts of the economic development programs- Elements and principles of the economic development- Social and economic indicators of the development programsThe research method used in this study is descriptive-analytical. Data collection was done via research and investigation through economic books, articles, magazines, newspapers and, scientific and legal databases on the Internet. Then the data analysis of gathered information was performed under the supervision of professors in sociology and economics. Our analysis shows that the social development trends in Turkey have been carried out under the influence of economic liberalization waves. Turkey's participation in the global economy has made it inevitable for the European Union to apply strategic restrictions on Turkey's structural approach. Localization of politics, religion and democracy can be considered as one of the indicators that has been formed during the second wave of political, social and economic development in Turkey. In Iran, various socio-economic development plans (first to sixth Comprehensive Development Plan) have been developed and implemented, which emphasize on education, healthcare, women's empowerment, public participation, economic liberalization, and comprehensive development of society and economics.

Social responsibility is one of the most important issues in business that paying attention to and using it leads to a competitive advantage and not paying attention to it leads to negative consequences. The purpose of this study is to present a content model of social irresponsibility affecting brand hatred in the Iranian banking industry. In this study, by examining the background and interviews with 10 experts in the Tehran banking industry, the themes and categories of indicators of irresponsibility, social responsibility and brand hatred were extracted. Then, the topics of the brand hatred index were researched with a researcher-made questionnaire and the opinions of 15 experts in Tehran banking industry and the best-worst method were weighed. Then, based on the weights obtained and the researcher-made questionnaire and referral to the mentioned experts, the categories of social irresponsibility were prioritized using the multi-mora technique. Finally, by referring to the mentioned experts, higher priority indicators were determined by interpretive structural modeling, leveling and relationships between them. The findings of this study show that the themes of disregard for social justice and disregard for moral issues have the most advancement in facilitating the acceptance of social responsibility.

The study of the effect of education on total factor productivity has been one of the important topics in the macroeconomic literature and educational policy that has been considered by many economists in recent years. However, recognizing the threshold of the effect of education on total factor productivity is a more important issue for educational policy makers. Therefore, the present study investigates the nonlinear relationship between education and total factor productivity during the period 1365-1397 SH[1](1986-2018). Average years of study have been used as an indicator of education. For this purpose, to determine the threshold of the impact of training on total factor productivity, the gentle transfer regression (STR) model has been used. The results of implementing the STR model while confirming the hypothesis of nonlinear effect of human capital of education type on total factor productivity showed that the quantity of education index in a two-diet structure with a threshold of 81.86 (equivalent to the average years of study 7.82 years) has a significant effect on total factor productivity. Given that the Iranian economy has exceeded the threshold since 1390 SH(2011) and increasing the quantity of education has a negative impact on productivity, so reviewing the quantitative development of education and giving priority to improving the quality of education has more priority than past.

Recognizing and managing the factors affecting employees’ productivity are important issues. However, the importance of these factors has not been much studied by management researchers. On the other hand, today, teleworking as one of the factors affecting the global economy is a topic that has been considered by scholars and its importance during the spread of COVID-19 has become much debatable. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting teleworking during COVID-19 pandemic. The present study consists of two parts: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative section, with a systematic review of the related studies, the dimensions and indicators of the employees’ productivity have been extracted in the form of a model with 7 dimensions and 21 indicators, including: physiological and psychological factors, social factors, organizational factors, technological factors and situational factors related to the work environment. Thus, using the content analysis method, a model with 7 dimensions and 21 indicators was extracted and approved by a panel of academic experts. In the quantitative part, 35 experts of Tadbirgaran Brokerage Company, using an expertly designed questionnaire, determined the weight of the factors and the relationships between them using the fuzzy best-worst method and fuzzy DEMATEL techniques The results revealed that, among the main factors, the phsilogical factors are the most important and the technological factors are the least important factors. Additionally, it was found that, among the sub-indicators, the effect of physical condition and the gender of the employees are the most important and the quality of work is the least important indicators.

 This study tries to work on the US foreign policy on Iran based on Smart Power Theory. At the beginning of the 21st-century pivotal role of the US in globalization led to increasing the US power, credibility, and influence in the Middle East, so based on the US strategy in the foreign policy this power converted from soft and hard power to the "smart power" toward regional countries and especially Iran.The main question of this study is:How we can evaluate US policy based on "smart power" against Iran between the years 2008 to 2020? The hypothesis of this research is on the US foreign policy strategy towards Iran which admits the change in the meaning and use of power by concentrating on "smart power" which became more obvious after 2008. The theoretical framework of this research tries to evaluate and review the US foreign policy based on smart power towards Iran with considering multiple variables The Literature Review of this study is on uses descriptive-analytical and documentary methods that proceed by Literature Review method .

Reward is one of the legitimate contracts in the school of Islamic Jurisprudential that can be used as a basis for contracts in today's process. An analysis of the truth of Reward and its judgements suggests that new contracts in the field of services and supervising the actions and work of individuals, which are called anonymous contracts, can be interpreted as contracts of Reward. In this regard, the generalization of the judgement of Reward on emerging contracts is based on the characteristics that have been proposed by the jurists for Reward, and we can briefly mention some of them: Non-conditionality of knowledge to action and exchange, non-conditionality of determining the agent, non-contradiction of Reward with negation of negligence and also belonging of Reward to action and omission, possibility of coming together term and action, possibility of belonging of Reward to any kind of action and benefit, including commercial, industrial and service, etc. In this paper, among the new contracts in progress, four contracts were addressed that have received less attention in other researches, which are network marketing, oil contracts, CODE-SHARING and medical contracts. The result of the adaptations indicted that contracts can be concluded in the form of Reward contracts.