alireza moradi

Introduction and goal: 

Since the people, as the main clients of the General Police Command and the recipients of services, have a fundamental role in accomplishing the basic missions of Faraday, it is necessary to conduct studies on the central role of the people, and therefore the purpose of this research is to evaluate the quality of the police services of police stations. It is Mazandaran province.

The present research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its method, it is a descriptive research of a survey type, and the statistical population of this research includes people who referred to the police stations of Mazandaran province (Sari, Amel and Babol) in the second six months of 1401 and the first six months. The year is 1402. The statistical population of the research is 62099 people and the sample size is 382 according to Cochran's formula and the sampling method is also available. The tool of data collection in this research was the Service Quality Questionnaire taken from Sarmad et al. (2013), whose validity was checked in Rajabi's study (2013) and its reliability was confirmed with an alpha value of 0.89.

The findings of the research showed that the confidence level was 0.456 in the physical evidence dimension, 0.403 in the reliability dimension, 0.384 in the guarantee dimension, 0.150 in the responsiveness dimension, and 0.274 in the empathy dimension.

The results of the present research showed that the quality of police services in the police stations of Mazandaran province is suitable in all service quality indicators (objectivity, reliability, assurance, empathy(and responsiveness.

The main goal of this research is the impact of the wage gap between managers and workers on stock returns: the mediating role of investors' supervision. In terms of categorizing the research according to the method of data collection, the current research is of the causal and post-event type. The research method is correlation. In this research, library methods were used to collect information. Library methods have been used to collect information on the theoretical foundations and literature of the topic, library resources, articles and required books have been used, and Kodal website and Rahavard Novin software have also been used to obtain statistical information. In this chapter, using data collected from a statistical sample of 76 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2015-2022. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson's correlation test and Limer's F test in the Eviews13 software environment. The results of the regression test showed that the wage gap between managers and workers with the mediating role of investors' supervision has a significant effect on stock returns.

This study investigated the role of commodities as independent investment tools, determined their interrelationships, explored their behavior within hybrid portfolios, and sought to identify suitable relationships for portfolio selection decisions between commodities and the stock index. The primary goal was to examine the diversification and hedging (safe haven) properties of assets and future commodities in Iran's exchange market compared to stocks during "bull and bear periods of the stock market" and to determine the minimum variance portfolio.
 
This research was applied in purpose and quantitative in methodology. The research approach was deductive (comparative), investigating expected empirical benefits using historical data. The study was theoretically categorized as proof research and, statistically, as a correlational study (econometric models). To this end, regression models of market tests, dynamic conditional correlation (DCC-GARCH), and the Markowitz model (portfolio optimization) were applied to daily data from the stock and commodity markets over 11 years from 2009 to 2020.
 
The findings revealed that commodities, on their own, present a high-risk investment. Gold is the only commodity comparable to the stock market, which shares similar returns and volatility. Except for copper, other commodities have significantly higher volatility but lower efficiency than the stock index. Regarding the market test model, results indicated that some commodities had the appropriate hedging ability as a “safe haven” in different stock market regimes (business cycle phases). In portfolio construction, adding a single commodity to a quantitative stock portfolio resulted in low returns, offset by reduced fluctuations. However, the results showed that a “commodities portfolio” outperformed a “single portfolio”. When adding a commodities portfolio or a commodity index to the hybrid portfolio, the stock index still held the largest weight (around 94%), but the average portfolio risk was notably reduced (approximately 1/557), yielding an improved Sharpe ratio.
 
According to the findings, investing in commodities is a better option for reaping the benefits of diversification. Furthermore, when making investment decisions, the bull and bear periods of the stock market should be considered, as the findings revealed that business cycle phases are a strong indicator for the tactical allocation of commodities. The results of this study also support the evidence that the behavior of different commodity groups varies significantly. Finally, hedging is not always a safe haven for the stock market, and the reverse is also true.

Investigating the factors influencing soil erosion and runoff, as well as evaluating their control methods, is essential for effective watershed management, particularly in the mountainous regions of the Zagros in western Iran. To facilitate the study of these phenomena under various treatments, it is imperative to create conditions that allow for continuous research. One of the most effective solutions is the establishment of erosion and sedimentation research stations equipped to simulate rainfall events. This study focuses on designing an erosion and sediment research station at Ilam University, comprising 20 plots, each measuring 2 square meters (1x2), arranged in two rows with varying slopes. This facility will support research on runoff and sedimentation processes while also serving as an educational space. The effectiveness of the rainfall simulator has been validated through several studies that examined rainfall-runoff events at different intensities and durations. However, these studies have also revealed challenges associated with the widespread use of such devices. With the construction of this new station, we have successfully addressed these shortcomings. Recognizing the impact of slope on erosion and sedimentation rates, two distinct slope categories were established at the station. A statistical comparison using the Student’s t-test between these two slope classes demonstrated a significant difference (t-value = -14.89, p-value < 0.001) between them. Specifically, the average slope for the first group was measured at 9.8 ± 0.31 percent, while the second group exhibited an average slope of 17.05 ± 0.38 percent.

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the mediating role of teacher's emotional support in the relationship between psycho-social security and academic resilience among teenagers.

The statistical population included all the male and female students of the second year of public schools in Behbahandar city in the academic year 1402-1401, of which 354 people were selected using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools included Samuels Educational Resilience Questionnaire (2004), Psychosocial Security Questionnaire (2010) and Teacher Emotional Support Scale by Sakiz et al. (2007). SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the descriptive data and correlation matrix, and AMOS version 26 software was used to test the hypothesis and research model with the path analysis method.

The findings showed that the research model has a good fit with the collected data. Psycho-social security has a direct, positive and significant effect on teacher's emotional support, teacher's emotional support also has a direct, positive and significant effect on academic resilience, and psycho-social security has a direct, positive and significant effect. It is about academic resilience. Finally, psycho-social security through the mediation of teacher's emotional support has a positive and significant effect on academic resilience.

Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that in order to increase the academic resilience of students, sufficient attention should be paid to the role of psycho-social security and emotional support of the teacher.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the three main fatal disorders and is a major health challenge. 4- methylumbelliferone (4-MU) is one of the coumarin derivatives (7–hydroxy-4–methylcoumarin) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory impact. This study was conducted to elucidate the neuroprotective effects and anti-inflammatory impact of 4-MU in a rodent model of IS.

The IS model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 hour and reperfusion was established for 24 hours. 44 Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) Sham, 2) MCAO, 3) MCAO + Vehicle, and 4) MCAO + 4-MU (25 mg/kg). Evaluation of neurological deficit was performed using Garcia’s score. 2,3,5-triphenoyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was employed to measure infarct size. Nissl staining was applied to determine neuronal loss. Moreover, western blotting was utilized to detect the expression of the proteins relevant to the TLR4/NF-KB/NLRP3 axis (p–NF–KB p65, TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-18, ASC, and Caspase-1).

It was observed thatMCAOcaused neurological deficit (P<0.0001), infarct (P<0.0001), and neuronal loss (P<0.002); up-regulatedNLRP3 (P<0.0001), TLR4 (P<0.0001), p–NF–KB p65 (P<0.0005), IL-1β (P<0.0014), IL-18 (P<0.0001), ASC (P<0.0027), and Caspase-1 (P<0.0052); and reduced IL-10 concentrations (P<0.0024). Administration of 4-MU(25 mg/kg) quickly after reperfusion reduced neurological deficit (P<0.0001), infarct size (P<0.0001), neuronal loss (P<0.0058), and down-regulated NLRP3 (P<0.0257), TLR4 (P<0.0001), p–NF–KB p65 (P<0.0075), IL-1β (P<0.0106), IL-18 (P<0.0005), ASC (P<0.0072), and Caspase-1 (P<0.0315), and increased IL-10 concentrations (P<0.0215).

These results indicate that 4-MU can attenuate injury after MCAO by suppressing the TLR4/NF-KB/NLRP3 axis. Our findings show that 4-MU can be considered a novel therapeutic compound to cure IS.

Interventions using ‘hybrid’ remediation/compensatory cognitive interventions may be beneficial to improving the socio-cognitive functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous studies have shown that neurocognitive impairments in executive function (EF) and theory of mind (TOM) are specifically associated with ASD. The primary objective of the study is to determine the impact of the remediation and compensatory cognitive intervention on EFs and TOM abilities. The secondary objective is to evaluate TOM and EF behavioral domains due to the remediation and compensatory cognitive intervention. 

A total of 75 children aged 4 to 7 years diagnosed with high-functioning autism and their parents will be recruited to this double-blind, multicenter, multi-arm randomized controlled trial. The primary outcomes are EFs and TOM as measured by the shape school, shape span test, TOM scale, TOM story books, TOM assessment checklist, and EFs assessment checklist. The secondary outcome is EFs and TOM behavioral domains as measured by the TOM behavior checklist and brief-preschool version at baseline (T0), post-test (T1), 1-month follow-up (T2), and 3-month follow-up (T3). Primary and secondary outcomes will be analyzed using repeated measures, such as an analysis of variance and a mixed model. 

This study will assess whether the cognitive intervention program affects not only the neuropsychological functioning of children with ASD but also daily functioning. If the current trial shows that either the remediation or compensatory approaches effectively improve socio-cognitive functioning, the trial would reveal a ‘hybrid’ remediation/compensatory approach.

Today, Islamic jurists are obliged to have a proper communication with the international system through using taqῑyyah (dissimulation) in the light of preserving the glory of Islam. Using the descriptive-analytical method with the aim of explaining the strategy of Islamic jurisprudence regarding dissimulation in international relations and meeting the need for preserving the interests of the Islamic system in order to secure citizenship rights and consolidate the state's position, this research presents a conceptual framework of the word "dissimulation", explains the legitimacy of using dissimulation in Imamῑ jurisprudence, the comparison of dissimulation with similar concepts such as hypocrisy (nifāq), flattery (mudᾱhana) and concealment (tawrῑya), as well as, how to use it in international relations, regarding the moral and legal dimensions. As a result, the use of dissimulation in the international system is evident in cases such as maintaining the Islamic government, maintaining state's secrets, promoting foreign policy, and proximity between Islamic denominations. However, it seems that the attitude of some domestic and western jurists towards the concept of dissimulation is somehow different from its main concept in Imamῑ jurisprudence. The lack of semantic similarity or the confusion of dissimulation with concepts such as mudᾱhana (compromise) and tawrῑya with the intellectual background of creating Islamophobia, has distorted its use. Therefore, the failure to meet the criteria of dissimulation in the international system makes it necessary to provide a correct conceptual framework for it and how it affects peace-orientation by changing the attitude towards understanding Islamic teachings. Thus, we believe that the correct application of dissimulation in the international system provides the capacity of positive communication between the Islamic system and the international systems.

One of the most important goals of addiction centers is to reduce the number of addicts and their treatment so that addicts with physical and mental health are returned to the family and community, so the success of these centers is very important. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify and prioritize the factors affecting drug addiction in addiction treatment centers in Sistan and Baluchistan province. It has been made and referred to the documents. The sampling method, and the sampling method, were also targeted clusters. Society in this study includes all those who have a history of being in addiction treatment centers. The number of them is not specified, so the sample size was 120 (minimum sample). The results were obtained and the analysis of the present study states that the factors affecting drug addiction treatment in the province's drug addiction centers. Sistan and Baluchistan include: Educational and Educational Factors, Medical and Medical Services, Control and Management Factors, Counseling Factors and Employment Services.

In today's era, virtual space is considered one of the most important ways to gain knowledge and information. The virtual world is a parallel world to the real world and everything that is in the real world can be reflected in the virtual world as well. In the same way that in the real space, people suffer from epistemological-religious problems, the same damage prevails in the virtual world. Since most of the capacities available in the virtual space - directly or indirectly - are at the disposal of the Arrogant Front, and as the creators of this space, they have acted in such a way that, firstly, they make the maximum use of this space and secondly, they significantly monitor the activities of others in this space to the extent that every group and category that is outside this front has a technological need and dependence on them both for its own activity and also that if in a few cases it can rely on knowledge to come out from under their control, their activities will be put in danger, therefore, one should behave in such a way that propaganda in this space, firstly, can be hidden from the enemy's view (in other words, in the form of taqiyyah) and does not arouse his sensitivity, and secondly Despite the superiority of the enemy's hardware, different currents of thought that are inspired by authentic Islamic culture and jurisprudence can overcome this space and create a new discourse that will give stability to the layers of our national identity in the best possible way. In this article, this topic is discussed with analytical-descriptive method.

The law enforcement command of the Islamic Republic of Iran is an organization with a wide range of tasks and multiple goals at the macro level, and it requires excellence and development of resources and the use of law enforcement and management services with a favorable quality. In this regard, with the aim of improving the quality of police services, the current article compares the current and desired quality of police services among police stations in Ilam city.

The research method used in this research is quantitative in terms of paradigm; According to the purpose, it is practical, and in terms of data collection and analysis, it is considered a non-experimental descriptive research, which was used among the descriptive methods, the causal-comparative method.The statistical population of the research included all those who referred to 5 police stations in Ilam city during the survey period, and 200 questionnaires were distributed using a stratified random sampling method. The validity of the research tool was checked by subject matter experts, and the construct validity and reliability were checked by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was done in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software.

The findings of the research showed that the quality of police services is different among different police stations in Ilam city.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the current situation and the desired situation in terms of the components of physical evidence, reliability, accountability, assurance, and empathy. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts to strengthen the quality of police services in Ilam police stations

Today, one of the most common public health problems around the world is "domestic violence", which includes child abuse, spousal abuse, and mistreatment of the elderly. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the incidence of domestic violence. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of its nature, is in the category of analytical research; its qualitative research method is of the content analysis type. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, reference to documents, and the sampling method is a targeted method. The target population of this research includes the scientific and operational elites of the South Khorasan Police Command, including the board of directors, specialized police commanders, general operational managers and scientific professors, and all spouses of families who go to police station counseling centers due to family violence.  The number of participants includes 27 scientific and operational elites of Birjand and spouses affected by domestic violence (due to reaching theoretical saturation). According to the obtained results and the analyzes made from the open, central and selective codings, the factors affecting in the incidence of domestic violence include economic, social and cultural dimensions. According to the investigations and the results of the present research, the need for the attention of the relevant authorities and the education of families and individuals to learn about the psychological and social consequences of violent behavior is more important than ever.

To evaluate the risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy, researchers use two-dimensional (2D) transvaginal ultrasound to assess lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness in the third trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed to compare the thickness of the LUS provided in a 2D transvaginal ultrasound with the findings during a cesarean section (C/S) of pregnant women with a history of previous C/S. This cross-sectional study was performed on 40 pregnant women referred to Izadi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Qom. All the women underwent transvaginal ultrasound followed by C/S within a maximum of one week later. Also, an expert gynecologist classified LUS thickness into four grades in the operation room. The mean age of women was 31.58 ± 4.56 years, and the mean thickness of the LUS was 2.17 ± 0.51 cm. Moreover, 57.5% of the women have graded I of LUS based on intraoperative findings. Results indicated that the mean thickness of the LUS measured by ultrasound significantly differed between the three grades detected by the gynecologist (P=0.04). However, there were no significant differences between maternal age, gestational age, parity, and time of last C/S among women with different LUS grades (P˃0.05). Transvaginal ultrasound could be helpful in evaluating the risk of scar dehiscence and uterine rupture among women with LUS grades I and II with a history of previous C/S.

Overgeneralized autobiographical memory is one of the most frequent phenomena among the patients affected by a variety of psychiatric disorders, including depression. Memory Specificity Training (MeST), as a method trying to modulate the specificity of autobiographical memory, has achieved promising outcomes in improving the specificity, as well as some of the psychiatric symptoms in the targeted patients. The main remaining concern about this intervention, which keeps it from clinical application, is its effects’ short durability and transient nature. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method that has been proven to be efficient in the induction of neuroplasticity. Based on this hypothesis that the increased neuroplasticity may result in lasting changes in brain circuits, this study aims to investigate the effects of the addition of tCDS to MeST on the argumentation of the strength and durability of its effects on the specificity of autobiographical memory.

Forty-six patients affected by depressive disorders were included in the study through an introduction by the collaborator psychiatrist and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria consisted of a minimum educational level of eighth grade, aged between 20 and 60 years old, and consent to participate. The exclusion criteria were life-threatening conditions, comorbid psychiatric disorders, developmental disorders, any kind of neurological disorders, bipolar depression, consumption of antipsychotic or/and anticonvulsant medications, and medical conditions that may interfere with mood and addiction. The diagnoses were confirmed by The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5).Patients were divided into two equal groups of twenty-three cases receiving six sessions of MeST in addition to tDCS versus sham stimulation. The stimulations lasted for 20 minutes through the online delivery of anodal current with the intensity of 2 milliamps versus sham stimulation, both on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.The participants were assessed using Beck’s Inventories for Depression and Anxiety and Autobiographical Memory Test, which presented one total index and three specific, general, and alternative sub-indices.

Two groups were homogenous, considering age, gender, marital status, and level of education, as well as baseline levels of depression and anxiety according to the scores of Beck’s Inventories. Overall, changes in the score of the indices related to cues demanding specific memories showed significant changes over time that lasted at the follow-up assessment, including specific, alternative, and total indices. The trend of changes between the two groups showed differences toward the hypothesis, but the statistical significance threshold reached only in the total index of the Autobiographical Memory Test. The similar trend in the two other indices related to specific memories, including the specific and alternative indices could not meet the statistical meaningfulness.The trend of changes in the general index of the Autobiographical Memory Test did not show a meaningful trend over time among the whole samples and was also completely independent of the grouping.Altogether, the results showed that, firstly, the intervention has been accurately targeted the specific feature of the autobiographical memory, and secondly, the changes are in absolute compatibility with the hypothesis of the study that claimed the addition of tDCS augments the strength and durability of effects induced by MeST on the specificity of autobiographical memory.

The results of this study have shown that the addition of tDCS to MeST may increase the effects on the autobiographical memory specificity of MeST and their durability. These outcomes, if confirmed with larger and further studies, can promise to bridge the gap between Memory Specificity Training and clinical application.Hence, designing and conducting studies investigating the combination of tDCS and/or other non-invasive brain stimulation modalities and MeST. Such studies should investigate the improvement of the strength and durability of the outcomes at cognitive and clinical levels in the induction of lasting ameliorative effects in patients affected by depressive and other psychiatric disorders that accompany overgeneralized autobiographical memory.

Smart buildings equipped with communication and control infrastructure offer the potential to optimize energy management, leading to increased productivity and significant cost reductions. These buildings typically consist of multiple residential units with common electrical appliances like washing machines and TVs. The energy management system must not only supply electrical needs but also provide thermal energy for heating and sanitation. Modern smart buildings often integrate various energy sources like photovoltaic systems, combined heat and power (CHP) units, boilers, alongside electrical and thermal storage devices. A key challenge in this field is the coordinated management of both thermal and electrical energy to minimize building operating costs. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for this purpose.

The model's convexity allows for finding the global optimal solution using the YALMIP toolbox and mathematical solvers like CPLEX. To validate the model, a simulated smart building was created in MATLAB, where the proposed model was solved with two particle swarm algorithms and YALMIP.

To validate the model, a simulated smart building was created in MATLAB, where the proposed model was solved with two particle swarm algorithms and YALMIP. The results demonstrate the superiority of YALMIP in finding the optimal solution.

The energy management system must not only supply electrical needs but also provide thermal energy for heating and sanitation. Modern smart buildings often integrate various energy sources like photovoltaic systems, combined heat and power (CHP) units, boilers, alongside electrical and thermal storage devices. A key challenge in this field is the coordinated management of both thermal and electrical energy to minimize building operating costs. This paper proposes a comprehensive model for this purpose. The model considers flexible scheduling of electrical equipment like vacuum cleaners, along with the operation of the boiler, CHP unit, and storage devices, all aimed at minimizing energy costs. The model ensures that all photovoltaic system output is consumed within the building, and all thermal and electrical demands are met efficiently without load shedding. The model's convexity allows for finding the global optimal solution using the YALMIP toolbox and mathematical solvers like CPLEX. To validate the model, a simulated smart building was created in MATLAB, where the proposed model was solved with two particle swarm algorithms and YALMIP. The results demonstrate the superiority of YALMIP in finding the optimal solution.

The results of the research showed that family, educational and media factors play a key role in reducing drug useIn this regard, in the current research, the change of attitude towards drug use was tested based on family, educational and media factors.

This was a descriptive-correlational structural equation modeling research. The statistical population of the present study includes all the students of Payam Noor Behbahan University in the academic year of 2001-2001, numbering 950 people, based on the Karjesi-Morgan table, 274 samples were selected using available sampling method. Research tools include; Questionnaire of attitudes towards drugs and family role scale, educational centers and media. Structural equation method and AMOS version 28 software were used to analyze the research model.

The findings showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, the role of the family, educational centers and the media have a direct and negative effect on reducing the positive attitude towards drug use.

The results showed that it is important to pay attention to the family center, especially the role of parents in raising and controlling their children in adolescence, which can reduce the positive attitude towards drug use. Also, activities focused on education, awareness and production of media programs with regard to needs assessment, understanding the social environment and the taste and expectations of the new generation can, along with family factors and education, cause a decrease in attitude To provide a positive response to drug use in students.

One of the necessary trainings for employees in any organization is psychological, communication and coping skills. According to the World Health Organization, psychological skills and psychosocial abilities are very effective in improving life. Therefore, the current research tries to identify the psychological skills of the police in organizational missions.

This research is practical in terms of its purpose, in terms of its nature, it is among analytical research and its research method is a qualitative type of thematic analysis. The data collection tool was in-depth interview and reference to documents. And the sampling method was a targeted method. The statistical population in this research includes the scientific and operational elites of the west of Tehran province, and the sample size was 14 people from the scientific and operational elites of the west of Tehran province (due to reaching theoretical saturation).

According to the results obtained and the analyzes made from open, axial and selective coding, it can be said that the psychological skills of police officers consist of fifty inclusive themes, which include: effective communication skills with 12 items. , emotion management skill with 8 items, stress coping skill with 5 items, problem solving skill with 5 items, decision making skill with 5 items, daring skill with 4 items, creative thinking skill with 4 items, empathy skill with 2 items item, conflict resolution skill with 2 items, critical thinking skill with 2 items and self-awareness skill with 1 item.

Based on the investigations, the results of this research show that the psychological skills of police officers in organizational missions are: effective communication skills, empathy skills, stress coping skills, and management skills. Excitement, problem-solving skills, decision-making skills, daring skills, critical thinking skills, creative thinking skills, self-awareness skills and conflict resolution skills.

With the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the concern of most elites, intellectuals, sympathizers of the system and the revolution, especially the position of the supreme leader (Madazlah al-Ali), is an all-round, scholarly and zero-tolerance fight against economic corruption. The present study has explained the indicators, components and solutions to fight against economic corruption in Iran's administrative law, with the focus of Moazzam Leh's menus as the central theory.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose, in terms of its nature, it is in the category of analytical research, and its research method is a qualitative type of content analysis. The data collection tool was in-depth interview and reference to documents. The sampling method was also a targeted method. The statistical population in this research includes 14 scientific elites (economic security police experts and judges dealing with economic cases).

According to the results obtained and the analyzes made from open, central and selective coding, it can be said that the components of establishing justice and fighting economic corruption were 16 cases, the indicators were 74 cases, and the solutions to fight economic corruption were 39 cases.

The results of the research showed that the most important components of the fight against economic corruption are: legal vacuum and lack of a comprehensive definition of economic crimes, very weak interaction between effective institutions, weakness in the guarantee of law enforcement, weakness in laws, violation of laws, lack of structure appropriate, inconsistency in the fight against economic crimes in impaired authorities, influence in the process of handling cases, insular action of the responsible bodies, multiplicity in the fight and encounters, lack of consolidation, analysis of information, deficiencies in laws and regulations.

The term of undescended testis refers to the cessation of the natural descending of the testis into the scrotum. Due to the advantages of the scrotal orchiopexy method over inguinal orchiopexy in some studies, we decided to conduct a similar study on children in Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom in 2016-2019 and we evaluated the effect of scrotal surgery in the treatment of UDT.

In this study, among the files of children with palpable UDT between 2016-2019 who were undergone scrotal or inguinal surgery in Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom, the number of sample files from these files is selected and divided into two groups. One group was undergone traditional inguinal surgery and the other group were under scrotal surgery.

The mean operation time for type of incision above the scrotum and in the inguinal region were 8.27 ± 2.51 and 3.14 ± 12.08 minutes, respectively. The highest location in scrotal surgery was 70 (52.67%) in the external ring area and 101 (60.47%) was inguinal canal in inguinal surgery. In the scrotal method in no case and in the inguinal method only one case of secondary UDT was observed. In the scrotal method in no case and in the inguinal method only one case of wound infection was observed.

Finally, our study showed that the scrotal method has more advantages than the inguinal method, the only limitation in this method is the location of the testis.

According to the prediction of WHO and the analysis of demographic statistics, the aging phenomenon is considered one of the upcoming challenges for the Iranian society. Therefore, moving in the direction of successful aging is considered a necessity. Hence, the purpose of this research is to phenomenologically explain the successful aging in men based on their lived experiences. This research was a qualitative study, of descriptive phenomenology type using a thematic analysis technique. The research population included all older men over 60 years old living in Tehran and Karaj, Iran, among whom 18 successful older people were selected as a sample using a purposeful sampling method until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, and the seven-step Colaizzi method was used for their analysis. The findings from the interviews were extracted and classified into five main themes (individual characteristics, social characteristics, family characteristics, self-care, and feelings of support) and 21 sub-themes. The results of this research illustrated that the successful older adults possess personal characteristics such as responsibility, commitment, patience, flexibility, sociability, purposefulness, capability and independence. Moreover, they are socially effective, socially accepted and do not feel lonely emotionally, have warm family relationships, are under the financial support of the family, have physical, spiritual, and mental self-care, feel that they are supported by the society and the government, and are also supported economically and in terms of health services. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that physical, spiritual, mental, and psychological self-care should be taken seriously in order to have a successful aging, and there should be economic, social, and medical support for older people.

With the spread of the corona virus in the world, in addition to physical problems in people who have been affected by this disease and have recovered, psychological effects are also observed in these people. Research has shown that post-traumatic stress symptoms are one of these consequences. This research was conducted with the aim of studying the predictive model of health belief on post-traumatic stress symptoms with the mediating role of prospective event thinking in people who have recovered from corona disease.

For this purpose, 383 people were selected by the available sampling method and completed the event impact questionnaire, health belief scale, and prospective thinking task. Data were analyzed using Amos and SPSS software.

The findings showed the significance of the predictive model of health belief on post-traumatic stress with the mediating role of prospective thinking. Also, direct and indirect paths in this model were significant at 0.05 level.

These findings indicate the importance of paying attention to people's cognitive beliefs in the field of health belief and their cognitive abilities and its effect on mental states after experiencing illness.

Individuals experiencing psychological distress symptoms (such as anxiety, mental pressure, depression) and post-traumatic stress often struggle with autobiographical memory and rumination, necessitating psychological interventions. Interventions such as computerized competitive memory training and computerized memory specificity training are available options for psychologists to enhance the condition of these individuals, potentially improving emotional and cognitive symptoms, including autobiographical memory. Cancer caregivers are a population that frequently experiences numerous emotional issues, including anxiety, mental pressure, depression, and post-traumatic stress. The responsibility of assuming the caregiver role and associated feelings of guilt can intensify the pressure on caregivers of children with cancer. Given the constraints of the recent epidemic, it is crucial to offer methods that can effectively improve these individuals’ mental health. Considering the history of Memory Specificity Training (MeST)-based interventions in alleviating depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, the computerized design and localization of this intervention method can be beneficial during epidemic periods when face-to-face activities are limited. The present study aimed to develop an online Persian version of MeST-based training and to assess the content validity and effectiveness of this program.

This study was conducted to develop a computerized version of the MeST training intervention sessions using mobile phone software. The tools used in this study included the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Mental Disorders Clinical Version, DASS-21 scale, Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT), and therapeutic intervention: Memory Specificity Training or MeST.The main structure of this software was designed and localized by adapting the software of Hallford et al. The Persian protocol, compatible with the Android version, was designed and modified by the working group. During the process of compiling the computerized version, the researchers collaborated with several clinical psychologists, computer specialists, software development experts, and patient caregivers. The classical form previously presented by Farhi Menesh et al. was used to prepare the Persian version of the protocol. With the help of the PHP programming language, the management panel and software were written based on React Native, and other sub-languages were also used for coding.In the second stage, the content validity of the intervention program was evaluated based on the necessity of each section’s existence and the relevance of the content to each section’s goals. This evaluation was conducted by ten psychologists and faculty members of Kharazmi University who were experienced in the field of cognitive sciences and familiar with the MeST tool. The content validity of the Farsi MeST protocol was calculated by evaluating the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI).Then, to check for bugs and changes in the content and notifications, modifications were made in the software’s space based on feedback from a small sample of applicants. Initially, a semi-structured interview was conducted separately by two trained psychologists, and if signs of psychological distress were observed, the individual was included in the study. The selected samples were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). Individuals in the intervention group received seven treatment sessions based on the MeST intervention, held weekly, while no intervention was conducted in the control group. In the end, the effectiveness of the specific computerized memory intervention in reducing pathological symptoms and autobiographical memory of caregivers was investigated.

The content validity review of the Persian version of the MeST online training software indicated that the CVI value for all items was more than 0.6, demonstrating the importance and necessity of the questions in the designed scale. A content validity index higher than 0.8 was achieved, indicating a satisfactory correlation of all items with the objectives of the constructed tool. However, the CVR and CVI were not appropriate for the materials providing the desired results and the timing of the sessions. Moreover, the content validity review of the session content indicated that the CVR index for all sessions was 0.99, and the CVI index for all sessions was equal to or higher than 0.8. Therefore, the relevance and necessity of the concepts used in the sessions were confirmed. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of variables such as gender, caregiver’s education level, and history of psychiatric diseases (P>0.05). The comparison of DASS-21 indices and autobiographical memory for the two groups is shown in Table 1. The results of the within-andbetween-group variance analysis for the variables of depression, anxiety, stress, and autobiographical memory are shown in Table 5. The results of the within-andbetween-group variance analysis show that no significant effect was observed in the state of depression over time (P=0.51, F=0.43). The interactive effect of the time groupwas also not significant, indicating no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.84, F=0.03). The results of the between-group comparison for the depression variable showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.14, F=2.27). The within-group analysis of the anxiety variable (P=0.18, F=1.82) and stress (P=0.27, F=1.23) also indicated the absence of a significant effect. The interactive effect of the time groupwas also not significant for the two variables of anxiety (P=0.96, F=0.001) and stress (P=0.19, F=1.73). The between-group comparison for the variables of anxiety (P=0.45, F=0.58) and stress (P=0.92, F=0.008) indicated no significant difference. Besides, the results of the within-group variance analysis showed that no significant effect was observed in the state of autobiographical memory. The interactive effect of the time groupwas also not significant (P=0.13, F=2.49). The results of the between-group comparison for the autobiographical memory variable also showed no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.78, F=0.07).

This study introduced an online version of the MeST intervention in Persian and confirmed its validity. Although validating the reliability and validity of the questionnaire is a lengthy, multi-step process, challenging the content of research tools aids in better understanding, using, and critiquing the content of a tool with a precise approach. Evidently, the MeST-based intervention has a short-term effect on reducing symptoms of depression. Previous studies have demonstrated that the MeST-based intervention positively impacts post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms. However, this study showed that these effects were transient, and the follow-up assessment largely lost the benefits of MeST over control groups. Other findings from this study indicated that online memory specificity training leads to short-term improvement in autobiographical memory. Other studies have also shown that specific memory training significantly improves specific memory. Nevertheless, this intervention does not impact stress and anxiety levels. Given that the MeST-based intervention is effective, easy, and inexpensive, it can be presented alongside traditional interventions. Although MeST is promising as a new intervention, future studies with larger samples and control groups are recommended to investigate the mechanism of MeST’s action due to its transitory effect.

Rainfall-runoff modeling is one of the most important components of hydrological processes in water resources management and accurate estimation of runoff and river flow in the short and long term can be of great help to various sectors of water engineering. In several types of rainfall-runoff models, the unit hydrograph methods are still a useful tool for flood estimation in many, except non-gauged, basins. The unit hydrograph is the same as the unit pulse response function of a linear hydrological system. The tank model is one of the hydrological models for analyzing river flow characteristics. In hydrological analysis, simulation models are often used to describe and predict basin response to rainfall events based on mathematical and physical knowledge. In this article, using the concept of linear system theory, the pulse response functions of the runoff components (surface runoff and base flow) using the reservoir model for several flood events related to the two Navrood basin in Gillan province and Liqvan basin in the East Azerbaijan province has been extracted. Since Simulink can schematically show the dynamic relationship between hydrological components such as rainfall, runoff, storage, evapotranspiration, and runoff, it can be useful for rainfall-runoff modeling. Therefore, Modeling is done in the Simulink MATLAB environment. The modular design and block library can help users focus on hydrological analysis, including modeling strategy development, parameter estimation, and model application.

In the present study, to evaluate the capability of the tank model in different climates, the model has been implemented for two regions with dry and wet climates to evaluate the effectiveness of the tank model by comparing the results. Therefore, the Navrood representative basin in Gilan province was selected for a wet climate, and the Liqvan representative basin in East Azerbaijan province for a dry and semi-arid climate. The response of the entire basin to the rainfall that fell on its surface has been determined using the conceptual model of the tank. In order to extract the unit pulse response function for the runoff caused by precipitation, the model of three tanks in series with holes on the side and bottom has been used to show the types of currents prevailing in the process of forming runoff. The internal dependence of reservoirs is described using exponential functions of model parameters. Estimating the model parameters was performed using the cluttered evolution optimization method or SCE-UA for short, a conceptual optimization method. In addition, to extract unit pulse response functions and evaluate the model's efficiency in predicting flood events, it was tried to select events that have rained in the entire basin and correspond to flood events in terms of occurrence time.

The results obtained in this research showed that the tank model provides good results in estimating the peak discharges and the time to reach the peak discharges in the two representative basins of Navrood and Liqvan with two different climates. The parameters of the model, which actually reflect the geomorphological characteristics of the basin, are almost constant, and only the changes in soil moisture storage are variable in the runoff calculations. Response functions as exponential functions of model parameters have simulated the different roles of flow components (quick surface, quick subsurface, delayed subsurface, and underground flow) in relation to the precipitation process. As can be deduced from the results obtained for the Navrood basin, the slow runoff accounts for a major part of the total runoff in the falling limb of the hydrograph. The relations extracted for the response functions of the unit pulse for ru as a unit input that happened in the duration of ∆t have been obtained parametrically, therefore, for different combinations of ru and ∆t, several unit pulse response functions can be extracted. Examining the parameters of the model obtained from the SCE-UA algorithm shows that due to the large value of the b2 parameter compared to other parameters, a major part of the volley losses is penetration losses. In fact, the high permeability of the surface layers of the soil justifies the high value of the b1 parameter compared to other parameters.

The performance results of the tank model showed that the model has a relatively good capability in predicting the runoff affected by the rainstorm. The comparison of the computational and observed hydrographs shows that the mentioned values have a good correlation. According to the results, it can be seen that the fast runoff, which usually appears in the form of surface flow and waterways in the basin, occupies a significant part of the entire flood hydrograph during the flooding process, and in terms of durability has a shorter duration than slow runoff. Slow runoff hydrograph is slowly affected by precipitation during the flooding process, but in terms of durability, it has a longer duration.

The current research aims to analyze the reasons for choosing the slogan of recent years by the Supreme Leader in macro dimensions.

This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and its research method is qualitative with content analysis technique. The data collection tool was in-depth interview and reference to documents.And the sampling method was also purposeful. The statistical population in this research includes the scientific elites of Central Province and the sample size is 11 people from the scientific and operational elites of Central Province (due to reaching theoretical saturation). The method of data analysis was done using open coding, axial coding and selective coding using Maxqda software.

According to the results obtained and the analyzes made from the open coding of the interviews with elites, it can be said that from 1395-1402, 8 slogans of the year (one slogan each year) were chosen by the Supreme Leader. These slogans include 71 index items, 23 component items and 8 dimensions (slogans) in macro dimensions.

The slogan of the year is mostly aimed at directing the executive policies, attention of public opinion, directing the performance of government officials and government officials.

In recent years, there have been a significant increase in the use of reinforcement learning (RL)models in cognitive science. However, the increased use of relatively complex computational approaches has led to potential misconceptions and misinterpretations. Here, we present a comprehensive framework for investigating social decision-making using a reinforcement learning approach.We discuss common problems in its application and offer practical suggestions. Our goal is to provide simple and scalable explanations of new and practical methods and guidelines for using reinforcement learning models and extracting sub-goals and obtaining collective information and knowledge for decision making.Also, the purpose of this article is to better understand the nature of decision-making processes using the reinforcement learning approach. For this purpose, the topics of why decision-making takes time, the role of emotions in decision-making, the neural pathways of decision-making, the role of self-motivated thoughts, and how reward and punishment decisions are made in the brain are explained. A review of the studies conducted on these topics shows that decision-making is a time-consuming process and a person cannot make more than one decision at a time. Emotions are a fundamental component in regulating interactions between environmental conditions and the human decision-making process, and through emotional systems, valuable tacit and explicit knowledge is provided for quick and rational decisions. Finally, decisions are cognitive in nature, and therefore the findings of cognitive science can help strengthen decision-making theories for a more complete understanding of people's choice process and provide more complete and realistic views of decision-making behaviors.