alireza naseri

Quay walls are sheltering structures used for protecting coastal regions against wave-induced forces. Because of the random nature of the wave behavior, the application of physical models for the study of wave-structure interaction can be quite efficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of quay walls under random waves through experimental methods. The study used walls with vertical geometrical form, which were exposed to sea random waves under the JONSWAP spectrum. Surface level and wall strain values were measured using built-in sensors. A neural network model was developed using the feed-forward method with the backpropagation algorithm to analyze the time series of water surface level and strain. High coefficients of determination during the training and verification phases were observed, indicating good network performance. Self-correlation analysis of the time series showed that the data exhibited first-degree Markov characteristics. This finding was taken into consideration and increased the coefficients of determination in the neural network model.

Earthquake is a common natural disaster that often brings about wide-ranging catastrophic consequences. The post-crisis assessment of conditions generally indicates poor performance in evacuation routing and planning, leading to incoordination and waste of time and network capacity. Therefore, this study presented a heuristic, integrated solution to determine evacuation routes in the shortest time possible using an algorithm based on network analysis and the definition of safe nodes and arcs based on crisis conditions. The proposed flow optimization model employs MCNFP to find the shortest evacuation routes from each node to the safe zone and guide the maximum possible flow through this route. The model's efficiency was tested using 12 small networks with different combinations of nodes and vehicles and 10 medium networks with different numbers of nodes and similar demands. Then, the running times of each MCNFP algorithm and the proposed model (P-M) were compared. The results showed that the evacuation time increased by increasing the number of nodes and the routing complexity. In addition, increasing the number of vehicles in small networks increased the evacuation time. Finally, the research results confirmed the higher speed of the heuristic algorithm than MCNFP in network evacuation.

Natural disasters often bring about wide-ranging catastrophic consequences. The post-crisis assessment of different regions generally indicates poor crisis management, evacuation routing, and planning performance, leading to incoordination and wasting time and network capacity. Therefore, this study presented an integrated solution to determine evacuation routes in a short time using an algorithm based on network analysis and the definition of safe nodes and arcs based on crisis conditions. The proposed flow optimization model employs the MCNFP method to find the shortest evacuation routes from each node to the safe zone and guide the maximum possible flow through this route. The model's efficiency was controlled using 12 small networks with different combinations of nodes and vehicles and 10 medium networks with different numbers of nodes and similar demands. Then, the running times of each MCNFP algorithm and the proposed model (P-M) were compared. The results showed that the evacuation time increased by increasing the number of nodes and the routing expanse and complexity. In addition, increasing the number of vehicles in limited and local networks increased the evacuation time. Generally, the research results confirmed the optimal speed of the proposed algorithm in network evacuation.

Climate variations, especially rainfall, have a high effect on the behavior of drivers and their decision. Due to the high effect of weather conditions on driving as well as human fatalities on road accidents, the importance of investigating driver behavior as a result of climate change is highlighted. This paper examines the variation of hourly average speed in the different weather conditions by considering the latter traffic factors influencing the speed. Rasht-Khomam highway is considered as the study area. Rasht as a coastal city has the highest rainfall in all the cities of Iran. The linear regression model has been used in this study to examine the variation of hourly average speed, considering traffic factors and weather conditions as independent variables. The Most important traffic factors that were included in the modeling are flow rate and percentage of heavy vehicles. Also, variables representing weather conditions include rainfall, horizontal vision and daylight. The independent variables were trans-formed into dummy variables to investigate the nonlinear relationship between them and the dependent variable. The results showed that the flow rate of more than 2100 veh/h reduces the speed of the vehicles up to 10.81 km/h, which is 12.72% of permitted speed on this highway. Another interesting finding of this research was that the amount of rainfall in ordered levels has a nonlinear effect on the speed. Heavy rain, moderate rain, and light rain reduce speeds by about 5.3, 4 and 2 km/h, respectively. Daylight was also shown to affect speed. In other words, driving at night can reduce speed up to 3 km/h. Horizontal vision variables were not recognized as significant in the model. This may be due to the drivers being familiar with the area and as a result, this parameter cannot affect their performance.

The aim of this research was to compare the performance of a submerged obstacle and floating wave barrier in the stability of rubble mound breakwaters based on the damage parameter. The submerged obstacle was attached to the toe, and the floating wave barrier was installed 50 cm from a reshaping breakwater. We carried out tests in a 35 m flume at SCWMRI. Random waves with the JONSWAP spectrum influenced the breakwater. We then analyzed the structure's reshaping using close-range photogrammetric imaging by constructing the DEM and DSM to record the displacement of rocks. Furthermore, we obtained the eroded area and the damage parameter from the integrated model at eight cross-sections at equal distances. We showed that the damage parameter increased by 39.12 and 44.44%, respectively, by increasing the relative wave height from 0.36 to 0.48 and 0.6. Also, the damage parameter increased by 22.94 and 28.26%, respectively, by increasing the relative wave period from 0.6 to 0.8 and 1. In addition, regarding different modes, we obtained the damage parameter in the breakwater without the submerged obstacle and the floating barrier 1.116 under random waves. The damage parameter decreased to 0.701 (i.e., 37.19%) by using the submerged obstacle, while the wave barrier reduced this parameter to 0.735 (i.e., 34.14%); thus, the obstacle has outperformed the wave barrier. Using the obstacle simultaneously with the wave barrier reduced the damage parameter by 51.79%, confirming the highest efficiency and performance among models. Consequently and based on the experiments and findings in this study, this model was suggested for adoption.

Competition is one the important matters in nowadays economics which its effects on countries economy is at high importance. According to Iranian constitution and priority of Islamic rules and jurisprudence to other legal sources in any fields, analysis on compliance or noncompliance of Islamic rules with competition Acts and regulations is at great importance, since its sequences on country economy has determinative role. Some of Islamic rule such as “la zrar” seems to be in compliance with competition and others such as “yad” doesn’t have this feature. The other issue should be mentioned in this article is scope of government interference in economy and its analysis according to Islamic rules and jurisprudence based on pros and cons opinions through descriptive-analytical method. It is concluded that the concepts and issues related to competition rights can be seen in the original Islamic resource more frequently than within the framework of laws and regulations of Islamic Republic of Iran

Numerous studies have been conducted on the performance of breakwaters. Armor layer stability and structural porosity, height, and size on reshaping rubbed mound breakwaters have been frequently studied. Sayao and Da Silva (2016) analyzed the relationships of breakwater parameters, e.g., wall slope, crest width, and height, with the behavior of incident waves. It is crucial to evaluate the stability and damage parameter of breakwaters. Research has shown that characteristic variables are important in the damage estimation of breakwaters to improve accuracy and reduce tests (Janardhan et al., 2015). Submerged breakwaters reduce wave energy and can be an effective alternative to protect the existing breakwaters (Bungin, 2021). The present study aimed to explore the effects of a submerged obstacle in the seaward (and its position) on the stability of a rubble mound breakwater based on the damage parameter. Tests were carried out in the absence and presence of a submerged obstacle at a distance of 0-20 cm with 5-cm intervals (seaward) to evaluate the effect of the distance on the breakwater damage parameter.

In breast cancer epidemiology, we study high-risk groups, geographical distribution and prevalence in Iran. Next, we examine the etiology of breast cancer, which includes three factors: hormonal, genetic, and environmental. Types of breast cancer include 1- Invasive carcinoma 2- Non-invasive carcinoma, each of which is divided into duct and lobular and there are other types that include medullary, mucosal, inflammatory and Paget carcinomas. We will examine each raga separately in the following. Following the types of breast cancer, we examine risk factors or risk factors, including, gene mutation, aging, personal and family history of breast cancer, premature menstruation, late menopause, and... each of which is discussed separately. Following are four stages of breast cancer and the clinical signs of the disease. Explain the screening and diagnosis, which includes: 1- Personal examination 2- Examination of the breasts by a doctor 3- Mammography 4- Galactography 5- Ultrasonography 6- Magnetic resonance imaging 7- Fine needle aspiration 8- Biopsy. We also describe separately the treatments that are performed for this disease today, which include: 1- Modified radical mastectomy 2- Breast maintenance surgery 3- Radiation therapy 4- Chemotherapy 5- Hormone therapy 6- Bone marrow transplantation in addition to future therapies.

After major surgery, with the onset of acute pain, clinical use of magnesium can reduce postoperative pain by blocking the central sensation of pain by blocking NMDA receptors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MG-Sulfate infusion in the operating room on analgesia after hysterectomy in women with cancer. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 40 candidates for hysterectomy (due to cancer) were evaluated. Magnesium group (M) 50 mg / kg IV MG-Sulfate in 100 cc normal saline 0.9% and control group (C) 100 cc normal saline 0.9% after intubation and their pain intensity was measured by VAS. Finally, a comparison was made between the two groups. There is no statistically significant change in the amount of pain at rest between the two groups (p-value=0.925) and it can be said that the two drugs did not have different effects. The mean amount of pain changes in cough condition was examined using repeated measures analysis of variance, which showed that the age variable had no statistically significant effect on changes in pain during cough (p-value = 0.925). Administration of MG-Sulfate at a dose of 50 mg / kg has no effect on pain intensity and drug dose after hysterectomy (due to cancer) and also changes systolic and diastolic blood pressure and arterial blood oxygen saturation during and after surgery. This does not apply to the control group and only causes a significant increase in heart rate compared to the control group at the end of the operation.

Two high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV18 and HPV16) immortalize human mammary epithelial cells and reduce their growth factor requirements. Recent studies have identified HPV in a broad range of breast cancer samples. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the association of the mentioned high-risk HPV strains (HPV18, HPV16) with breast cancer in the patients using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) due to the increasing prevalence of breast cancer.

The current work was a retrospective study involving 60 participants (40 patients with breast cancer and 20 healthy people) at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2018-2019. The participants were selected using a convenience sampling method. PCR was used to detect DNA genomes of HPV18 and HPV16. Data was analyzed using Phi and Cramér’s V with SPSS v. 21 by taking into account OR = 95% and P = 0.05.

There was a significant relationship (P value = 0.014) between HPV18 and HPV16 infection and breast cancer.

A significant relationship was found between the presence of DNA genomes of HPV16 and HPV18 and breast cancer. Therefore, HPV has a significant role in breast cancer.

Post-mastectomy chronic pain (PMCP) refers to any pain that lasts longer than six months. Many risk factors contribute to chronic pain, and it seems that body mass index (BMI) is one of them, but more research is required to confirm it. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between BMI and PMCP.

This correlational study was conducted during 2018-2020 on 340 patients who had undergone mastectomy. They were selected using convenience sampling of patients visiting hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The risk of chronic pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), and its correlation with BMI was determined using descriptive and inferential statistics.

High BMI can be a risk factor exacerbating PMCP (P<0.001).

In this study, the negative impact of high BMI on exacerbation of PNCP was investigated. The results may prepare the ground for developing preventive interventions for chronic pain.

The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), as a fatal complication of cancer, is affected by several variables. Chemotherapy is an exacerbating factor of DVT in cancer patients. Given the uncertain effect of chemotherapy after mastectomy in women, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of DVT following mastectomy in women undergoing chemotherapy.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in hospitals, affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, on 230 women under chemotherapy, following mastectomy. In this study, DVT examinations were performed using an instrument designed in compliance with the research objectives. People at high risk, based on this instrument, received a Doppler ultrasound. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential tests.

Based on the results, 72 patients were at high risk of DVT, which reduced to 37 confirmed cases after Doppler ultrasound. The results indicate that an increase in chemotherapy sessions was effective in increasing the incidence of DVT.

The results of the present study suggested that one out of ten women undergoing chemotherapy, following mastectomy, developed DVT.

Lymphedema, an unpleasant postmastectomy complication, entails neuromuscular injuries. The most common complication is developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), exacerbated by chemotherapy in cancer patients. As detecting this complication is effective in the therapeutic process of the patients, this study aimed to detect CTS in women experiencing postmastectomy lymphedema.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 320 patients suffering from postoperative lymphedema in the hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in Iran from 2018 to 2020. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. The Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) was used to detect CTS in the participants, and the data were analyzed using chi-square test.

According to the questionnaire, 20% of the participants had CTS symptoms. Study of the results suggested that radiotherapy, lymph node removal during surgery, and diabetes mellitus could be involved in the development of CTS.

The results indicated that one of every five women who experienced postmastectomy lymphedema and had undergone chemotherapy exhibited symptoms of CTS.

Mastectomy is a surgical procedure that can adversely affect mental health aspects and even quality of life (OOL) of patients. However, more research is needed to address this issue. This study hence aimed to investigate the psychological factors affecting OOL of breast cancer patients after mastectomy.

This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 360 women (180 healthy women in the control group and 180 mastectomized women in the case group) at hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TUOMS) from 2018 to 2020. The participants were selected using convenience sampling and the data were collected using the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI), and the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

The results showed that the mastectomized patients (the case group) experienced higher levels of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression and poorer personality traits compared to the normal women (the control group). As a result, QOL was lower in mastectomized patients than in the control group. Discussion and

The study findings suggested higher prevalence of mental illnesses among the mastectomized women because they experienced higher levels of anxiety, hopelessness, and depression and exhibited much poorer personality traits. All these variables reduced the QOL of such women.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a potentially fatal complication with numerous risk factors. Low vitamin D levels may also play a role in the development of this complication. As a result, the purpose of this study was to examine serum vitamin D levels in patients diagnosed with DVT following total mastectomy.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 122 mastectomy candidates who had postoperative DVT in hospitals affiliated with Tabriz University of Medical Sciences between 2017 and 2020. The chi square test was used to investigate the serum vitamin D level prior to surgery and its role in the occurrence of DVT.

The findings suggested that low vitamin D levels were associated with the development of DVT, and that low vitamin D levels were lower in older people, those with a high BMI, and women with diabetes mellitus.

DVT after mastectomy is caused by a low serum vitamin D level, and older age, high BMI, and diabetes can all contribute to the exacerbation of this complication.

Strengthening breakwaters can reduce the damages that lead to hydraulic instability. Aiming to enhance the stability of reshaping breakwaters, this experimental study presents a method for controlling and reducing structural damages against waves by attaching a submerged obstacle to the structure toe and installing a floating wave barrier at a certain distance. In the tests, the breakwater was exposed to a total of 3000 random waves based on the JONSWAP spectrum. By generating an integrated 3D digital model of the structure using close-range photogrammetry, the displacement of armour units was recorded, and the damage parameter was calculated. Moreover, a comparison of the results between reinforced and simple breakwater indicated that the damage parameter was reduced by 37.19 and 34.14 percent by, respectively, attaching the submerged obstacle and installing the floating wave barrier, which confirms the good performance of the proposed models. Breakwater reinforcement with the submerged obstacle and the floating wave barrier simultaneously reduced the damage parameter by 51.79 percent, which was the highest efficiency among the different models. Also, the results show that with increasing the stability number, the damage parameter also increases, and the interaction between the wave steepness and the damage parameter indicates that the damage parameter decreases with increasing the wave sharpness values.

Chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia is one of the risk factors for infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy (due to weakened immune system). Febrile neutropenia (FN) may be the sole indicator of an underlying infection in these patients. Since infection is associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients undergoing chemotherapy, the study aimed to assess the incidence of FN in neutropenic cancer patients admitted to the oncology ward.

This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 52 patients (selected using census method) with signs of infection (FN) hospitalized in Ghazi Tabatabai Hospital (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences) in 2018-20. The participants consisted of 52 neutropenic cancer patients who developed FN and were admitted to the oncology ward of Ghazi Tabatabai Hospital in 2018-20. Collected data was written down in specific forms and analyzed using descriptive (frequency, percentage, and mean) and inferential statistics with SPSS v.20. Significance level was less than 0.05.

Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was less than 500 cells/ml in 15.38% of the patients (8 patients). Infection was the cause of FN in 69.23% of the patients (36 patients). An unknown factor was the cause of infection in 30.77% of the cases. The incidence of all types of infections (perianal abscess, sepsis, oral infection, cutaneous infection, gastrointestinal infection, pharyngitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection) was higher in patients undergoing chemotherapy than those not receiving  chemotherapy.

Infection is one of the main causes of FN in cancer patients admitted to the oncology ward.

To date, there is no accurate information on whether the history of radiotherapy for breast cancer can lead to increased nausea and vomiting in upper limb orthopedic surgery, so we decided to compare the present study with the aim of comparing nausea. And vomiting after upper limb orthopedic surgery in two groups with and without a history of breast radiotherapy.   A total of 90 patients (45 with a history of radiotherapy - 45 healthy) during the years 1399-99 who were candidates for upper limb orthopedic surgery were included in the study by available sampling method and after surgery for nausea And vomiting were compared using the Rhodes Index tool. The collected data were compared using Shaprovillek test and t-test with the significance of P value less than 0.05. The prevalence of nausea and vomiting after upper limb orthopedic surgery in 100% of people with a history of breast radiotherapy and in people without a history of radiotherapy, the prevalence of nausea and vomiting was 40% (18 people) (P = 0.001). The standard deviation ± mean of the total score of nausea and vomiting after surgery in the group of patients with a history of 25.5 ± 5.29 radiotherapy was significantly higher than the group of healthy individuals (14.19 ± 3.45) (P = 0.003). ).   History of breast radiotherapy can lead to exacerbation and increase in the number of nausea and vomiting after upper limb orthopedic surgery.

In recent years, high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising radio-enhancer agents for cancer radiation therapy due to their unique properties. Multi-disciplinary studies have demonstrated the potential of NPs-based radio-sensitizers to improve cancer therapy and tumor control at cellular and molecular levels. However, studies have shown that the dose enhancement effect of the NPs depends on the beam energy, NPs type, NPs size, NPs concentration, cell lines, and NPs delivery system. It has been believed that radiation dose enhancement of NPs is due to the three main mechanisms, but the results of some simulation studies failed to comply well with the experimental findings. Thus, this study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological factors of the NPs. An organized search of PubMed/Medline, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar was performed. In total, 77 articles were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. The studies investigated 44 different cell lines through 70 in-vitro and 4 in-vivo studies. A total of 32 different types of single or core-shell NPs in different sizes and concentrations have been used in the studies.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is accompanied by adverse effects after surgery and the prevalence of this complication is unknown following knee replacement surgery in patients with a history of chemotherapy. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the frequency of DVT after knee replacement surgery in patients with a history of chemotherapy.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 189 candidates for knee replacement surgery who had a history of chemotherapy during 36 months ending in March 2016 and referred to Shohada and Imam Reza hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. After surgery, patients were evaluated for the incidence of DVT and the factors, influecing it based on the instrument of determining DVT and Doppler ultrasound. Statistical analysis was completed by Spearman’s correlation and regression tests.

The mean standard deviation of DVT score was 43.49 ± 6.66, which indicates that after knee replacement surgery, patients with a history of chemotherapy are at high risk for DVT. The prevalence of DVT was 25.92% (N=49) and the number of chemotherapy sessions (P=0.001) correlated with the occurrence of DVT.

The prevalence of DVT following knee replacement surgery in people with a history of chemotherapy is above the normal mean reported in the literature. Consequently, further therapeutic and preventive measures are required.

Reduction in the access to health care services and spread of disease can have a negative effects on the economic growth and welfare of the community by reducing the labor force participation. Increasing government health expenditures is one of the ways to overcome these problems. However, implementing this policy, along with its positive effects, will have a negative impact on the effective labor supply of other sectors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate these effects using a computable general equilibrium model based on the 2009 social accounting matrix of Iran. The results showed that illness, reduced welfare and real GDP, but increasing government health expenditures, increased welfare in the short run and long run. Although effects on real GDP depend on the closure of labor market, so that in the situation of immobile labor force of the health sector, it is decreased, but with full labor mobility, it increased. So because of the positive welfare effects of government health expenditures, it is suggested that government still more invest in this sector. Also to reducing the costs and preventing the real GDP reduction it is necessary to provide the ground to increase labor force in the health sector in such a way as to the labor supply of other activities doesn’t decrease.

Drug use has imposed enormous economic and social costs through its destructive effects on people's health and increasing crime in society. This can be detrimental to social welfare by affecting one's health. The purpose of this research is to model the impact of addiction on social welfare with an emphasis on health in Iran.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical one and was a survey in terms of data collection. A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Statistical population included experts in crime and addiction economics (sample 10) and drug addicts supervised by Tehran addiction centers (sample 384).

The results showed that economic, personal, cultural, social, political and psychological factors have a positive and significant effect on addiction, respectively. With each unit change in economic factors, welfare decreases by 0.59 and welfare increases by 0.73 by each unit change of health index.

The results of this study can be an important step in determining the priority factors and their effect on the prevalence of addiction and consequently preventing the negative effects of addiction on health and social welfare.

The health sector is one of the most important economic sectors in any society and has an interactive relationship with other sectors. Given the importance of the government involvement in the health sector, this study examined the economic and welfare implications of increasing the government healthcare expenditures in Iran. This applied research was conducted by utilizing the Social Accounting Matrix of the year 2011 prepared by the Iranian Parliament Research Center constructed based on the data such as the national accounts, the household budget survey of the year 2011, and updating of the I-O table of the year 2001. Estimates and data analysis were conducted using Excel 2013 software. The results showed that most of the demand for the government health sector is in the form of final demand (99%) and most of the payments are paid to employees (67%). Moreover, after implementing the study scenario, the total output increased by 0.95% and the welfare of urban and rural households increased by 0.933% and 0.89% while the changes in their social welfare were 0.93% and 0.87%, respectively. Because of its nature, the government health sector has a slight direct role in other economic sectors. However, high final demand and huge wage payments in this sector have caused that the increasing demand creates widespread effects on the economic production and welfare. However, the improved income of employees in this sector, which are mostly included in the high-income deciles, will worsen the distribution of income to the detriment of the lower deciles. Therefore, the government should provide supportive policies to remove this problem.

Legislative power is one of the main pillars of the Iranian legal system in the Constitution. So, holding open session in the Parliament is one of the important measures to protect the rights and public freedoms, to knowledge of the current affairs and to monitor the performance of the representatives. Meanwhile, if the holding open session in the Parliament endangers national security will certainly be influenced the country. Therefore, with outlined anticipation in Article 69 of the constitution, has provided to the President, one of the ministers, or ten representatives that to proposed holding closed session in Parliament. If the proposal approved, decisions in closed session is valid only with attendance of the total members of the Guardian Council to reach the approval of three-fourths number of the representatives. After the emergency condition disappeared, Reports and resolutions of the closed session should be published to the public. This article is to be analyzed the different aspects of this topic.

Today, the use of underground structures and their numerous uses in urban and interurban transportation has been found to be of great importance and has become one of the topics discussed by engineers in the field of construction and civil engineering. One of the issues that have attracted the attention of the researchers in these structures is the resistance of these structures to the rejection of dynamic loads. Therefore, in the present article, the seismic behavior of the tunnel under the earthquake record in the near field has been studied with regard to overhead and overhead. To analyze this research, the seismic behavior of tunnel line 2 of Tabriz city trains was selected and using the abacus software and available geotechnical reports, the 2nd line of Tabriz city trains was studied. The results of this study indicate that, in case of overturning, the amount of deformation and strain in the tunnel crown increases, this increase is proportional to the earthquake record. The results also show that the behavior of the tunnel in case of overhead operation in relation to the non-overhead state is not under the earthquake record of the near-frontier zone, which is sensitive to soil layering, and the variation of the tunnel crown under both acceleration maps of Bam and Varzaghan in all sections of the Earth's crust is close to It has been. The results also indicate that on the route of line 2 of the city of Tabriz, despite the change in the characteristics of the soil mass in the path, the tunneling behavior has little sensitivity to soil layering in the path and if the tunnel is located at a depth of 22 meters from the ground level under the earthquake record There is not much deformation in the crown of the tunnel.