alireza safarzadeh

Inocutis levis is a polypore fungus belonging to Hymenochaetales of basidiomycetes. The specie is mainly distributed in Asia and grows on living angiosperm trees. This study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of I. levis on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance in high sucrose fed (HSF) rats.
Male rats were given 30% sucrose solution for 12 weeks. The extract of I. levis at doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg body weight was intraperitoneally administered for 2 weeks in HSF rats. Blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and histological changes of pancreas were evaluated.
Sucrose solution significantly increased the insulin, glucose and HOMA-IR levels, compared to the control. At the dose of 50 mg/kg the extract decreased glucose and insulin, and improved insulin resistance relative to that of HSF rats which did not take the extract. Histological studies on pancreas tissue indicated no significant difference in the size of Langerhans islets of HSF rats and HSF rats treated with the extract at dose of 50 mg/kg compared to the control group. But, treatment with the dose of 150 mg/kg of I. levis increased islets diameter and number of cells in the islets of Langerhans in HSF group.
Inocutis levis extract may have hypoglycemic effects, by regulating insulin secretion and improving glucose tolerance, and seems to be able to ameliorate pancreatic islets in HSF rats. Our findings indicate that I. levis can be considered as a potential treatment with medicinal properties to alleviate insulin resistance and to prevent risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose dependent manner.

Adipose tissue's phenotypic alteration due to exercise training is a new theory. However, the cellular–molecular mechanisms for these phenotypic alterations are not yet clearly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of six weeks resistance training on Meteorin-like hormone level and insulin resistance index in overweight adolescent boys.

Twenty overweight adolescent boys (average age 18.5±1 years old, average weight 81.1±4.5 kg, and BMI 27.7±0.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: control (N=10) and resistance training (N=10). Subjects in training group performed six-week resistance training program 3 days/week. Anthropometrics parameters and fasting serum of Meteorin-like hormone levels, insulin and glucose were measured at the baseline and at the end of study.

The level of Meteorin-like hormone was significantly decreased in control group (p=0.008), but that of Meteorin-like hormone in resistance training was increased insignificantly (p=0.311). The variations of Meteorin-like hormone levels between two groups were significant (p=0.004). The changes of insulin resistance were increased in both groups which were statistically significant (p=0.032) and insignificant (p=0.632) for control and training groups respectively. We found a negative and insignificant correlation between changes in Meteorin-like hormone levels and changes in insulin resistance index (p=0.273).

The results showed that six weeks’ resistance training has no effect on increasing Meteorin-like hormone serum level and improving insulin resistance index and body composition in overweight adolescent boys.

Prediction of flow field in compound channel is an important task for hydraulic researches because of the three dimensional nature of the flow. In compound channels with prismatic floodplains, the main feature consists of the interaction effect between the fast moving flow in the main channel and the slow moving flow on the floodplains. This difference creates a high shear layer at the interface between the main channel and floodplains, leading to the generation of the large scale vortices with vertical axes, as well as the helical secondary with longitudinal axes, as shown by Sellin [1], Tominaga and Nezu [2], Ikeda [3], Bousmar [4] and Rezaei [5].

Backgrounds and Omentin is a member of adipokines secreted from visceral adipose tissue which increaseS insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance and resistance training on plasma omentin-1 levels in male rats.
In this experimental study, twenty-four Wistar male rats¬ with average weight¬ of 220±20 gr were acclimatized with lab condition and then randomly divided into three groups of Control (C), Resistance training (RT) and Endurance training (ET). Endurance training group underwent an endurance training program for eight weeks (five bouts per week of treadmill running each 60min with 20 m/min). Resistance training group was subjected to a three-day per week resistance training program consisting of climbing a ladder carrying a load suspended from the tail. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were taken to assess plasma omentin-1, insulin and glucose levels. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and statistical significance was set at P>0.05.
The results showed that endurance training significantly increased plasma omentin-1 levels and decreased plasma insulin and glucose levels while plasma omentin-1 and insulin levels did not change significantly in the resistance group.
Endurance training was more effective on omentin-1 levels than resistance training. Either training programs inhibited weight gain observed in the control group. It might be hypothesized omentin-1 contributes to metabolic effects of exercise training.

Muscular atrophy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. In such cases, protein degradation is increased and protein synthesis is decreased. MuRF1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase which has been identified as a mediator of skeletal muscle wasting in various skeletal muscle atrophy models, and its expression is upregulated in atrophy. Exercise training has been suggested as one of the treatment strategies for muscular atrophy. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of resistance training on MuRF1 gene expression in muscular atrophy in streptozotocin-diabetic wistar rats.
Material and

Thirty six male Wister rats (288 ± 22 g) were randomly divided into four groups: nondiabetic control, non-diabetic trained, diabetic control and diabetic trained. The exercise groups were subjected to a resistance training program using a ladder (3 days/wk, for 4 wk). MuRF1 mRNA level was measured in Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle using Real-Time PCR. The results were studied by statistical methods.

MuRF1 gene expression was increased in rats with diabetes (p=0.001); resistance training diminished the skeletal muscle wasting in diabetic rats (p=0.002) by inhibiting MuRF1 gene expression.

This study indicates that short term resistance training can overcome diabetes-induced atrophy in rats. Whether this kind of training might be a good way for countering atrophy in other diseases with similar catabolic situation to diabetes remains to be elucidated.

Visfatin is an adipokine secreted from visceral adipose tissue and involved in glucose homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-week resistance training on plasma visfatin levels and its relation to insulin resistance in insulin-resistant male rats. In this experimental study twenty-four Wistar male rats­ (220±20 gr) were acclimatized with lab condition then were randomly divided into three groups: Control (C), Insulin-Resistant control (IRC) and Insulin-resistant Training (T) groups. Insulin-resistance status induced by %10 fructose solution during 5 weeks. Resistance training group subjected to a three-day per week resistance training program for 8 weeks. Plasma visfatin, insulin, glucose levels, and insulin resistance index were assessed 48 hours after experimental period. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and statistical significance was set at P<0/05 The results showed that insulin resistance induction significantly increased plasma visfatin, glucose, insulin levels and insulin resistance index (P<0.05). On the other hand, resistance training significantly decreased plasma visfatin, glucose, and insulin levels (P<0.05) but visfatin was not altered significantly (P<0.05). Based on the findings, visfatin increases in diabetes and insulin resistance and is correlated with insulin resistance. The change in plasma visfatin levels was not significant following resistance training and it was not correlated with insulin resistance index. Therefore, visfatin may not have a role in metabolic improvement induced by exercise training.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is secreted from vascular endothelium. This enzyme is one of the main determinants of blood pressure regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on plasma ACE concentration in postmenopausal women. The subjects of this study consisted of 14 postmenopausal women (40-65 years old). Plasma levels of ACE, anthropometric indices, maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after a training program. Exercise intensity of 45- 40% of maximum heart rate reserve for the first week and gradually took eight weeks to 80-70% of maximum heart rate reserve. plasma ACE levels after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly increased in subjects (P = 0.02). A significant decrease in waist circumference were observed in postmenopausal women (P ≤ 0.001). Maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly postmenopausal women (P ≤ 0.001). There were negative correlation significantly between ACE changes and waist circumference changes (P = 0.02, r = -0.601), weight changes (P = 0. 02, r = -0.63) and BMI changes (P = 0.01, r = -0.637). This study indicated that aerobic training could increase ACE plasma levels in postmenopausal women, without significant changes in body composition and blood pressure. Further studies with more numbers of subjects are needed to confirm these results.

Omentin-1 is a novel adipokine that is predominantly secreted by visceral adipose tissue. Circulating levels of omentin-1 is inversely related to obesity. There is limited information about the effect of exercise training on serum omentin-1 concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four weeks of progressive resistance training on serum omentin-1 levels. 16 male Wister rats (mean weight 288±19 g) were randomly divided into control (n=8) and training (n=8) groups. The resistance training consisted of climbing a ladder (8 repetitions/day، 3 days/week) carrying a load suspended from the tail with weights equivalent to 50، 75، 90، and 100% of their previous maximal carrying capacity and 30 g increment for each subsequent climb. After four weeks of resistance training، serum concentration of omentin-1، glucose and lipid profile were measured. Four weeks of progressive resistance training increased strength (maximal carrying capacity) in rats. Also، no significant difference was observed in serum concentration of omentin-1، glucose and lipid profile between the groups (P>0. 05). Changes of body weights in the resistance training rats were significantly lower than the control group (P=0. 049). The results of this study indicated that serum levels of omentin-1 and lipid profile remained unchanged in rats despite of increased strength and prevention of weight gain induced by resistance exercise. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of exercise training and body composition on circulating levels of omentin-1.

Media''s Mission is influence on the thought of the different nations as mass Communication tool. The West as the major competitor against the honorable Islam، utilizes the media such as satellite Television as a covert weapon to deliver its desired blows to the Islamic communityand promote its colonial objectives. Thereby، it has prepared mind and opinion of others to accept their ideas and opinions and replace every nation’s indigenous culture with its own through cultiural transmutation. Of Course، The order of the West isn''t the geographical position، but it means Colonial and destructive thinking and behavior tonations which itsoriginisestablishedbythe West. The main purpose ofthese measures is maintaining of nations in its dominance and its superiority and leadership on the world. The honorable religion of Islamas the last and most complete religion of God، has instructions that we can win on themachinations ofevil by doing them and observance of God''s laws. Overcoming the cultural invasion of the West، is no exception too. The purpose of this article is introducing of onslaughts of Western thinking which spreads through satellite channels among the nations opposing the western thoughts and behavior. In order to explain these attacks and immunity from damage caused by it، we have resorted to two precious matters (Thaqalayn hadith)، according to the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him)، namely the Holy Quran and Hadith of Ahlul-Bait.

Cardiorespiratory fitness improves and the risk of cardiovascular diseases decreases through regular exercise. However, the exact mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on some plasma angiogenic factors in normal rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of control and trained (n = 10 each). The rats in the trained group undertook one training session per day, 3 days a week, for 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken and plasma glucose, lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and soluble form of VEGF receptor-1 (sFlt-1) concentrations were determined. Differences in plasma insulin, glucose, and NO were not significant between the trained and control groups (P 0.05). Plasma VEGF concentrations were 142.73 ± 3.74 pg/ml and 144.5 ± 5.1 pg/ml in the control and trained rats (P > 0.05), i.e. resistance training did not significantly change plasma VEGF in trained rats. There were no significant differences in plasma sFlt-1 concentrations between the two groups (P 0.05). Moreover, resistance training could not change VEGF/sFlt-1 ratio in the two groups of animals. Present data showed that resistance training could not be an effective approach to improve plasma angiogenic factors (NO, VEGF, VEGF receptor-1) at least in healthy rats. More research is needed to show the effects of resistance training on angiogenesis.