alireza sharifi

There is no study about the evaluation of incidence rates of tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and ear surgeries before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the impact of pandemic peaks on the incidence rates of these operations in the world, particularly in Iran.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of most common otolaryngologic operations in the Iranian pediatric population.

This retrospective study was performed in a referral hospital. The data of target patients over the period of March 21, 2018, to November 22, 2021, were collected. The number of surgeries at the period of any peak plus before and during the COVID-19 pandemic was compared.

A total of 6 290 patients from the Health Information System of Amir A’lam hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled. In this study, 52.9% and 46.5% of the patients were male and female, respectively. There were 3 main types of surgeries, such as adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, and ear surgeries, with mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 10.20 ± 9.4, 11.45 ± 10.8, and 44.19 ± 14.6 years, respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of the total number of operations between before (n = 5070) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 1220) (P < 0.001). The amount of this difference was much greater in tonsillectomy (n = 3736 vs. n = 546) and adenoidectomy (n = 134 vs. n = 21) than in ear surgeries (n = 1200 vs. n = 653).

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the number of most common otolaryngologic surgeries in the Iranian pediatric population. The reason is that the restrictions during the pandemic might have a potential effect on reducing the transmission of tonsil-adenoid gland infection.

The flight of unmanned aerial vehicles is often associated with model uncertainties, measurement noises, and environmental disturbances such as wind gust. To mitigate these challenges, the accurate estimation of states is vital. Moreover, the wind model and its parameters should also be estimated and compensated during the flight. In this paper, a model-aided inertial navigation is implemented for this purpose. To investigate the performance of the model-aided inertial navigation, two different models including constant wind and “1-cosine” model are considered. The model-aided inertial navigation integrates the output from a dynamics model of unmanned aerial vehicle in the navigation system to simultaneously estimate the model of wind as well as the current states. The results show that the model-aided inertial navigation provides good performance and the wind model is properly estimated. Moreover, small estimation errors, obtained from the simulations, prove the good performance of this approach in estimation of states and wind model.

In this paper, a method is presented to design and implement ultra-wideband phase shifters, in frequency ranges higher than 10 GHz, with fractional bandwidth near a hundred percent. The phase shifter is constructed from microstrip transmission lines and short circuit stubs. In comparison with conventional phase shifters which are composed of microstrip coupled lines and multilayer structures, the proposed phase shifter has advantages from the implementation and fabrication viewpoint. The design and optimization method is in such a way that arbitrary phase shift, source and load impedances may be considered in the design. To optimize the circuit dimension, a computer code is written, and two design examples are considered. The computer code is based on closed form equations for microstrip transmission lines and available circuit models for it and utilizes microwave network equations. Its results are then improved with electromagnetic full-wave packages to consider the parasitic effects of microstrip T-junctions. Two design cases are included, in the first design, the case of a 45 degrees phase shifter with a standard 50 ohms source and load impedances is investigated. In the second design case, the case of a 90 degrees phase shifter with 50 ohms input impedances and 75 ohm non-standard output impedances is considered. By observing the full-wave simulation results as well as the fabrication and measurement results in these examples, it is clear that the design goals are highly satisfied by this method.

The safety and outcomes of performing a simultaneous Alar reduction, Lip lift, and Open rhinoplasty Surgery (ALOS) through independent incisions have not been reported in any study, therefore, we aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of this combination procedure.

This retrospective review study was conducted on all cases of simultaneous ALOS, lip-lift, and alar reduction performed from 2018-2022, at Facial Plastic Surgery Clinic, New York, USA. Alar reduction involved complete through-and-through resection of alar wedge, and the type of lip lift technique was bullhorn design with excision of skin and Superficial Musculo-Aponeurotic System. Primary open rhinoplasty with inverted V-columellar incision was performed. The follow up period ranged  between 4 months to 2 years, but all of patients were followed up at 6 days, one, and two months post-operatively.

Fifty one cases were enrolled. We reviewed criteria of complications including infection, vascular events (such as necrosis, or partial ischemia), and poor scarring, fortunately, we did not have any infection or vascular issues. In 2 cases, columellar scar was “less than optimal”, but in all other cases, this scar was “not perceivable” based on the patient survey. In 4 cases, the lip lift procedure scar was considered “less than optimal” showed slight indentation of white scar of lip lift in 9/44 cases. Additionally, all columellar and alar incisions had nearly invisible scarring.

In primary rhinoplasty cases, without any other surgeries or previous trauma in the oronasal region, performing concomitant lip lift, open rhinoplasty, and alar wedge resection is safe and does not negatively affect vascularity or scarring.

In this paper, we establish the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the following functional equation$$(4p)^nf\left(\frac{x_1+\cdots +x_{(4p)^n}}{(4p)^n}\right)  + 4p\sum_{i=1}^{(4p)^{n-1}} f\left(\frac{x_{4pi-4p+1} + \cdots +x_{4pi}}{4p}\right)  = 2  \sum_{i=1}^{(4p)^n} f\left(\frac{x_i+x_{i+1}}{2}\right)$$in fuzzy Banach spaces.

Khalazir Jonuobi is one of the problematic areas of Tehran metropolis. This area has created many problems for the surrounding areas and even the metropolis of Tehran due to the accumulation of disturbing urban jobs. The purpose of this study is to identify the main stakeholders, analyze the desire and power of stakeholders, identify the needs and desires of stakeholders and analyze the social network of stakeholders.

The research method in this research is a combination (qualitative and quantitative) with emphasis on qualitative method and a combination of quantitative data. Research data were collected through interviews with relevant stakeholders. Data analysis was performed using the power-matrix matrix and NodeXL software.

The findings show that the : Khalazir issue has 16 main stakeholders who have different wants and needs. The research results also indicate that the municipality of District 19, the endowment of Marvi school, local people and Tehran Industries and Jobs Organization Company have the most power. Other results show that Tehran City Renovation Organization, Deputy of Urban Services and Environment of Tehran District 19 Municipality, Deputy of Urban Planning and Architecture of Tehran Municipality, Deputy of Urban Services and Environment of Tehran Municipality have the most power in the social network of stakeholders.

In general, The results show that all stakeholders have a desire to solve the problem. But in terms of power, the amount of power of all the stakeholders is not the same. Any actions should be started through these stakeholders.

Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs in different areas of the world against pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

In this study, 340 patients with positive blood cultures by these two bacteria were reviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

For Staphylococcus aureus, the highest antibiotic resistance and sensitivity rates were 27/2 percent (25 cases) to vancomycin and 30/4 percent (28 cases) to gentamicin. In contrast, the resistance and sensitivity rates for pseudomonas aeruginosa were 11/7 percent (19 cases) to meropenem and 29/6 percent (48 cases) to gentamycin, respectively.

Accurate evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of these bacteria is necessary to select an effective antibiotic for the treatment of children.

We can provide beneficial and effective treatment using effective antibiotics on bacteria.

Both low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are demonstrated to promote the repair of mandibular defects.

This study investigated the mechanical properties and calcium content at the tooth extraction site in a rat model exposed to LLLT ( = 808 nm) with or without PRP.

In this experimental rat model study, the left first molar maxillary teeth were extracted in twenty male rats. Then, the animals were randomly divided into four groups. Group one: after extraction, the extraction sockets were treated with 0.9Wgalliumaluminum- arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser irradiation for five minutes every 72 hours for the next 12 days (4 times overall); group two: PRP was placed in the extraction sockets; group three: a combination of both treatments (LLLT+PRP) was applied; group four: the extraction sockets remained untreated (the control group). All rats were sacrificed 30 days post-operative. All bone blocks of the extracted socket were prepared for mechanical strength and calcium content analyses. Mann-Whitney test, one-way ANOVA test, and post hoc Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) were used to analyze the data. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. All analyses were performed by SPSS 16.0. The graph is illustrated in the graph pad 5.

The compressive strength in the laser group was significantly higher than in the control and PRP-treated groups (P = 0.0001 and 0.00044, respectively). Compared to the control and PRP groups, the effects of a combination of PRP and LLLT mechanical strength were statistically similar. Calcium content was influenced by none of the treatments.

The mechanical strength of the bone blocks was significantly stronger in the LLLT group than in the other groups. Platelet-rich plasma alone or combined with LLLT demonstrated a synergistic impact on neither mechanical strength nor calcium content.

Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon that occurs in different areas of the world against pathogens that cause nosocomial infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.

 In this study, 340 patients with positive blood cultures by these two bacteria were reviewed. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.

 For Staphylococcus aureus, the highest antibiotic resistance and sensitivity rates were 27/2 percent (25 cases) to vancomycin and 30/4 percent (28 cases) to gentamicin. In contrast, the resistance and sensitivity rates for pseudomonas aeruginosa were 11/7 percent (19 cases) to meropenem and 29/6 percent (48 cases) to gentamycin, respectively.

 Accurate evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of these bacteria is necessary to select an effective antibiotic for the treatment of children.

We can provide beneficial and effective treatment using effective antibiotics on bacteria.

The yield of the wheat crop is affected by the climate and soil parameters such as moisture and nutrients, plant pests and diseases. The main objective of this research is the feature level fusion of multiple effective criteria on the wheat yields using linear and machine learning regression models. The effects of vegetation condition, moisture, nutrients and pests on wheat yield are represented by spectral indices those are extracted from remotely sensed data. Optimum spectral indices are selected as the input features to each of the multiple linear and machine learning regression models such as decision tree, support vector regression and generalized regression neural network. The evaluation of the experimental results in eight wheat fields indicates that the wheat yield prediction based on spectral features fusion show the mean improvement of 0.81 in RMSE comparing with considering only one vegetation index in all regression models. Moreover, all investigated machine learning regression models have about 0.03 more performance than the multiple linear regression model as indicated by R2 coefficient. The generalized regression neural network model with the least RMSE error 0.0063 has the best results compared with other machine learning regression models and MLR.

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare type of stroke and usually occurs in young people. The most common early clinical sign is a headache and the most common finding on clinical examination is bilateral papillary edema.

Herewith, we have reported the frequency of clinical features, and imaging findings of cerebral venous thrombosis patients. A total of 17 patients with cerebral venous thrombosis with symptoms of stroke were evaluated, 64.7% of patients were female. The Mean±SD age of the patients was 40.41±12.08 years and the Mean±SD number of hospitalization days was 11.76±3.71 days. The most location of thrombosis and neurological symptoms were sigmoid headaches and blurred vision, respectively.

Based on our study, we found that the most common clinical manifestation of CVT is a headache. Papilledema and seizure are also very common, and the most common site of thrombosis in these patients is the sigmoid sinus.

Pulmonary embolism because of hydatid cysts is a very uncommon and lethal complication caused by a hydatid heart cyst rupture or a visceral hydatid cyst released into the venous circulation. By utilizing contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hydatid pulmonary embolism can be differentiated from other types of pulmonary embolism. MRI mainly displays the cystic nature of lesions better than CT. Pulmonary embolism should be kept in mind in patients with hepatic hydatidosis if there is a sudden occurrence of chest pain and dyspnea, particularly in regions where hydatidosis is endemic. This report aims to present the clinical and radiographic features and discuss the diagnosis and treatment procedure of our patient.

Here, we report a 45-year-old man with pulmonary embolism as a consequence of a ruptured hydatid liver cyst in the inferior vena cava. Multiple intra-arterial pulmonary hydatid cyst emboli originating from a hepatic hydatid cyst ruptured into the hepatic portion of the inferior vena cava were seen in our patient. The patient refused the surgical treatment. Therefore, the patient was treated using Andazol (Albendazole) and Cetirizine hydrochloride.

The present case is interesting because pulmonary embolism caused by hydatid cysts is a very uncommon clinical entity. There may be difficulties in diagnosing and treating hydatid cysts, and a definitive diagnosis was possible only by a histopathological examination.

In this paper, a method is presented for design and realizing ultra-wideband phase shifter in frequencies beyond 10 GHz with about a hundred percent fractional bandwidth. Its structure is composed of microstrip transmission lines and short circuited stubs. Its combination has advantages, from fabrication and realization viewpoint, over conventional structures that utilize coupled transmission lines and multi-layer structures. With this design and optimization method, it is possible to manufacture phase shifters with arbitrary phase shifts as well as arbitrary input and output impedances. The values of circuit dimensions is obtained using the optimization of least mean square combination of error function. To design phase shifters, a computer program is written which utilizes circuit models of microstrip transmission lines and microwave network relations. Its results are then improved using full-wave electromagnetic softwares to consider parasitic effects of T-junctions. 45 degree phase shifter with 50 ohms input-output impedances is designed, simulated and fabricated. Also, the 90 degree phase shifter was designed and simulated in the case that the input and output impedances be unequal, assuming to be 50 and 75 ohms. By investigation of the results of transmission and reflection coefficients and phase shifts obtained from full-wave simulation and practical realization, it is clear that the design goals are highly satisfied.

Civil partnership is a contract through which natural or legal persons calendar their capital in order to increase profits by investing in economic, productive and commercial activities, etc., in the form of cash and non-cash shares of the company. However, in the social system of society, which is based on cultural, legal and political relations, sometimes for reasons of nature or form, there is no solution other than dissolving the contract. As we know in civil law, the effect of a company contract is possession, and in order for the company to be realized, the property of the partners must be mixed or spread for another reason. Therefore, in order to investigate the factors of dissolution of the partnership agreement, in addition to examining the causes that lead to the dissolution of permissible contracts, it is necessary to study the causes that also cause the dissemination to disappear. For this reason, in this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we examine the factors that cause the dissolution of the company and its dissemination.

The main goal in the civil liability system is to compensate the injured party. Thus, by fulfilling the pillars of civil liability (harmful act, loss and causal relationship), the damage caused to the injured party must be compensated. Article 1 of the Civil Liability Law says: "Individuals who cause damage that cause other material or moral damage are responsible for compensating the damage caused by their actions." The primary purpose of the civil liability system is to compensate for the damages suffered by the injured party, and the means must be provided for him/her to compensate for the damages so that his or her condition is restored to the point before the loss. However, following the enactment of the new compulsory insurance law in 2017 in note 3 of article 8 regarding the compensation of motor vehicle accident, the legislator has specified the amount of compensable damages through third party insurance or the culprit of the compensable accident. Therefore, recognizing the basis of the above rule is important. "Financial damages resulting from traffic accidents can only be compensated to the extent of the corresponding damages to the most expensive conventional car through third party insurance or the culprit of the accident." In Note 4, the conventional car is considered to be a car whose price is less than fifty percent of the insurer's physical obligations at the beginning of each year. According to the above rule, if the car belonging to the injured party is expensive and luxurious, all the damages will not be compensated, but the law can only compensate up to half of the bodily damages per year through the injured party and the damaging liability to compensate the damage. It has been restricted in this regard.

This issue has been studied by descriptive-analytical method to identify the principles accepted by the legislator. Thus, the principles of civil liability have been studied in legal doctrine, jurisprudential opinions, judicial procedure and also with regard to comparative law. Existing theories about the possible foundations of the rule have been stated and examined to finally identify the basis accepted by the legislature for such a rule. Because all damages to the victim must be compensated, now the question arises that what effect does the high cost of the car have on the amount of liability for the loss? While the liability 

This issue has been studied by descriptive-analytical method to identify the principles accepted by the legislator. Thus, the principles of civil liability have been studied in legal doctrine, jurisprudential opinions, judicial procedure and also with regard to comparative law. Existing theories about the possible foundations of the rule have been stated and examined to finally identify the basis accepted by the legislature for such a rule. Because all damages to the victim must be compensated, now the question arises that what effect does the high cost of the car have on the amount of liability for the loss? While the liability should have been compensated, regardless of the high cost of damages, all damages to the person.

Prior to the enactment of the above rule, the injured party should have considered all damages to the car, regardless of the type of vehicle and the amount of damage. However, the new law has created a new rule contrary to the previous rules and thus the need to review the principles of the law and analyze why. The limits of such a rule are all the more necessary. Several theories in this regard, including unpredictability of damage to expensive cars by the injured party, damaged action, human rights intervention in fair compensation and the economic basis of compensation (including directing liability to the body insurance and scrapping the premium and expensive car owner) after compensation can be mentioned to justify such a rule. First, the principle of compensation and its violation by the above rule and finally the principles in this regard, including the ability to predict damages, harmed action, the involvement of human rights standards in achieving fair and equitable compensation and finally the economic foundations of such a rule have been examined.

The results of this study indicate that the limitation of liability in this regard due to the observance of the compensatory status in fair and reasonable compensation, as well as justification based on economic perspective and the loss of the owner of expensive cars more than the amount of compensable damage, are the justifying principles of such a rule. However, these seem to be the basics for luxury cars. In the case of cars dedicated to public services, despite being expensive, such a rule of limitation of liability cannot be justified.

Behcet’s disease is a chronic fatal illness with a relapsing remitting nature and significant organ-threatening morbidity and mortality. The aim of this research was to examine studies which were conducted on investigation of prevalence of quality of life among patients with Behcet’s disease.

A total of 13 articles were extracted from four main databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science from the onset of 2000 to January 2021. All studies published in English with the purpose of examining quality of life (QOL) among patients with BD or investigating its main determinants were included.

Totally, 1137 BD patients participated in 13 studies. Based on random effect analysis, the total score of physical health-related QOL was 46.7 (95% CI=41.26 to 52.13) and the total score of mental health-related QOL was 49.01 (95% CI=43.83 to 54.18) representing a moderate level of QOL among BD patients. Furthermore, weighted effect size analyses showed a significant correlation between QOL and variables such as patients’ age, gender, disease duration and depression (pvalue: 0.00).

As the symptoms of BD worsen over time, patients confront with more severe body pain, mobility restrictions, and difficulties in chewing, eating, speaking and swallowing which negatively affect social interactions of patients and reduce their QOL. Furthermore, depression was proved to act as a deteriorating factor for HRQOL among BD patients. Thus, patients need to be psychologically supported by a specialized team and be informed during the course of treatment to gain useful information about the disease, treatment approaches and coping strategies.

Very High Resolution Passive Scan Agile Earth Observation Satellites are able to maneuver around all their three body axes and scan the target area in different directions, simultaneously. The most stringent mid-level requirements which dominate their attitude determination and control subsystem performance are applied in detumbling and fine pointing modes. These performance requirements are maneuverability, agility, accuracy and stability. In this research, first, we derive the analytical and statistical relationships between quantitative criteria of mid-level requirements and spatial resolution as a high-level mission requirement, next the design drivers of reaction wheels are extracted consequently. Then the size, mass and consuming power of an operational satellite and the reaction wheels torque authority and momentum capacity is guesstimated based on its imaging payload size and specifications.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social responsibility and team image and identity among the selected football clubs of the Iran Football Premier League. The present research is descriptive-correlational in nature and applied in terms of purpose. The data collection was appropriate to the objectives of the research. The statistical population of the present study was all over 18 years old fans of Esteghlal, Persepolis, Traktor, Foolad and Sepahan teams during the season of 2020-2021. The sampling method of the present study was random cluster sampling using Morgan table with a statistical sample size of 384 for Each of the 5 teams. then it was analyzed after a total of 1920 questionnaires and the data collection tool was 3 standard questionnaires, social responsibility questionnaire (Chang and Yang, 2012); The team image questionnaire (Chan, 2008) and the team identity questionnaire (Hyper et al., 2012). The validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by 10 professors and specialists in sports management. the reliability of the questionnaires were 0.82, 0.77 and 0.74, respectively.the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages and plotting) and inferential statistical methods Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Spearman correlation test by using Spss software version 25. the Findings showed that there is a positive relationship between social responsibility and image and team identity; Therefore, social responsibility can be a tool to have a positive impact on the development and promotion of the image and identity of the team in the selected clubs of the Iranian Football Premier League.   

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common human bacterial infections, accounting for the infection of half of the world’s population. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has high specificity and sensitivity in diagnosing this bacterial infection.

The present study aimed to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the fliD gene and the most widely used glmM gene in the PCR technique.

The research population encompassed patients with indications for upper endoscopy. This cross-sectional study compared the sensitivity and specificity of a proposed gene (fliD) with the most widely used glmM gene to detect the H. pylori infection in tissue samples.

The participants encompassed ninety-nine participants aged above 18 years. Their median age was 45.92 ± 13.63 years. The most common complaints of the patients were epigastric pain and heartburn. Our described gold standard detected 61.6% and 38.4% as positive and negative, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity were 72.1% and 100.0% for the routine PCR (glmM gene) and 80.3% and 94.7% for the proposed PCR (fliD gene).

Different genes have been used to detect H. pylori in PCR. The glmM gene is easily used to diagnose the H. pylori infection; however, according to the present findings, the fliD gene has higher sensitivity than the glmM gene. Accordingly, the former can be used as a screening gene for the H. pylori infection in the PCR technique.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), is generally recognized as the most frequent type of Symptomatic primary immunodeficiencies (PID). Mutations in lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein (LRBA) gene, are the most common genetic alterations amongst CVID patients. To date, there are no published studies to compare clinical and immunologic features of LRBA-deficient patients with those who do not harbor any known genetic mutations. Therefore, this study aims to compare the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of Iranian patients with LRBA-deficiency and CVID with no known genetic alterations.

We performed a longitudinal study on patients who had been diagnosed with CVID. Demographic and clinical features were obtained via the databank of the Iranian Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies, and the direct interviews with patients. To assess the presence of LRBA or other genetic mutations, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was used. Immunologic characteristics of patients were evaluated using flow cytometry, nephelometry, and conventional blood counts. The current study is conducted at Tehran’s Children Medical Center and is approved by the ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Between March 2013 and October 2019, we enrolled 30 patients with LRBA-deficiency and 13 patients with CVID, who had no identified genetic mutations. Regarding clinical features, there were no significant differences for the prevalence of infections at different sites (lung, sinuses, and middle ear) among the two groups (all P > 0.05). However, the incidences of autoimmune disorders and enteropathy were significantly higher among LRBA-deficient cases (P < 0.001). In serum levels of immunoglobulins, there were significant differences for IgG and IgM between the two groups (P of 0.014 and 0.004, respectively); however, this was not seen for IgA and IgE levels. Likewise, we did not see any significant differences for the cluster of differentiation (CD) markers between the two groups (all P > 0.05).

Compared to the CVID patients with no identified genetic mutations, LRBA-deficient patients have a significantly greater chance of parental consanguinity and developing autoimmune disorders and enteropathy, and have significantly higher values of serum IgG and IgM. The rate of infectious complications and other basic laboratory features, do not show significant differences between the two groups.

One of the banking bonds of Iran is the "partnership" contract. This contract is of great importance regarding the conflict of interests of the public and the government system, which is dependent on the government and sometimes independent. The purpose of the partnership in the Iranian banking system is to facilitate production, trade and service activities, which according to the definition of civil partnership means to combine the share of cash or non-cash company owned by individuals in a common way, for profit. . The present dissertation deals with one of the important methods of granting Islamic banking facilities, namely civil partnership agreements, and how to implement it in the Islamic banking system of Iran, through a descriptive-analytical method. The research findings indicate that in order to implement a civil partnership contract, its implementation criteria must be carefully considered. Thus, the most important criteria for the financial and moral competencies of the partner are the technical and financial capability of having a plan for obtaining collateral and registering a partnership contract, which must be specified during the execution of the contract, and in the absence of any of these criteria. Obliged to terminate the contract.

In principle, the harms of proximity to social life are inseparable and customary unity is tolerable. Property law has tried to regulate neighborhood relations in various ways (easement, neighbors' legal obligations); But if the neighbor's harassment causes harm, the issue of compensation arises. In many cases, no negative intent or misuse in the exercise of the right can be proven. However, on what basis should the damage to the neighbor be compensated? In Islamic law, various principles have been expressed to compensate for losses. Examining the issue in an analytical-descriptive manner, this result has been obtained. In all cases, with customary truth, the attribution of damages to the perpetrator of the loss, based on the No-Loss Rule, must compensate the damage.

In this paper, a method is presented to design the Cassegrain antenna dimensions and feed antenna in order to optimize antenna blockage efficiency. The special case in which the feed antenna is placed behind the main reflector  is investigated and conical corrugated horn antenna is used as the feed antenna. A mathematical equation is extracted to obtain optimum value of the angle of incident waves from the feed antenna to subreflector edge. This equation is then rewritten as an error function and optimization Toolbox of MATLAB software is used to minimize this error function. After solving this equation, by using the governing relations, the other physical parameters of the antenna can be extracted and a design example is presented to further illustration of the problem in 20 GHz at K-band. In this example, slant factor of the horn is assumed arbitrarily equal to 0.32 and optimum dimensions of antenna are calculated. In continue, this design example is solved for different slant factor values and the effects on various parameters of antenna such as subreflector diameter, antenna magnification factor and horn slant radious are investigated.

Upon declaring the termination of theproceedings, the court renders a judgement, whichcovers both the order and the sentence. Courts have the discretion to determine the type of judgementin accordance with legal criteria and to issue anorder andasentenceafter the termination of the hearing.The Code of Civil Procedure of Public and Revolutionary Courts has not definedjudgementbut in Article 299, the criteria for the judgementare specified. The actions of the courts are subject to the surveillance of the Supreme Courts;therefore, different circumstances may be brought about in the case, which are worthy of consideration and investigation in the judicial procedure.Sometimes, the Supreme Court has considered the sentenceof the lower court as an order or vice versa, and have alteredthe sentence. This article aims to examine the right criteriafor passing a judgementin the court of lawandto explainhow the Supreme Court oversees the proceedingsduring the application of the criteria and types of judgementscorrectly. It also tries to explain whether changing the lower court's judgementin the Supreme Court in with the consequence thattheorder is altered to a sentenceand vice versa have a legal basis for taking action or not? The method used in this study is the descriptive-analytical method.Therefore, referring to the legal doctrine and examining the judgements of the courts, and investigating the opinions and supervision of the lawyers and the judicial procedure the researcher tries toexplore and explain the bases for changingasentenceto anorder and vice versaand state the effects of each case.

Alvarado Scoring System (ASS) and Ohmann Scoring System (OSS) are two scoring systems for di-agnosing acute appendicitis (AA). This study was designed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the two men-tioned scores in detection of acute abdominal cases at risk for AA.

In this prospective cross-sectionalstudy, patients admitted to the emergency departments of two academic hospitals in Qom, Iran, with right lowerquadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain suspected to AA were evaluated. All cases were scored using ASS and OSS, andscreening performance characteristics of the two scores were calculated and reported considering the patho-logic findings as a gold standard.

174 patients with a preliminary AA diagnosis and the mean age of38.1 ± 10.63 years (11- 73) were included in this study (62.07% male). At the optimal cutoff point of≥7 for theASS, the sensitivity and the specificity were 46.43% (95% CI: 37.97%-55.07%), 97.05% (95% CI: 84.67%-92.93%),respectively. At the optimal cutoff point of≥11 for the OSS, the sensitivity and the specificity were 74.29% (95%CI: 66.22%-81.29%), and 55.88% (95% CI: 37.89% - 72.82%), respectively.

Based on the finding ofthis study, the ASS≥7 was more accurate than the OSS≥11 for detection of AA. But it should be considered thatthe overall accuracy of Alvarado and Ohmann scores in this regard were fair (0.83) and poor (0.67), respectively.