amir naeimi

In order to deal with the environmental risks caused by human behavior and change it towards sustainable pro-environmental behaviors, it is suggested to re-establish the connection between humans and the natural world. The purpose of this research was to identify the components affecting connectedness to nature (CTN) in order to strengthen conservation behaviors in the context of critical theory paradigm. To analyze the selected final articles, qualitative content analysis technique with inductive approach was used as the research method. The articles related to CTN are considered as the statistical population and sample in this technique. Selection of the article from population was fulfilled using a purposeful approach. Based on the results of content analysis, a model was developed and proposed for components affecting CTN. The results showed that the three main components including "situational-contextual (experience with nature and activities affecting CTN)", "individual (worldviews and individual factors)", and "psychological (mindfulness, identity, and empathy)" dimensions affecting CTN. Each of the sub-components also encompasses several variables that, when given attention, can enhance CTN and pro-environmental conservation behaviors. The model developed and proposed in the present study can be utilized by policymakers and stakeholders interested in facilitating change and planning for decision-making processes among natural resource users.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of social media and networks on the psychological empowerment of rural women in Salmas town. The research method was descriptive and correlation. The statistical population consisted of rural women in Salmas township located at West Azarbaijan. The statistical population of this study was 31996 rural women. The sample size calculated 382 via Krejcie and Morgan table. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the samples. The research instrument was a questionnaire which its face and content validity were confirmed a by panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed via calculating the Cronbach's alpha (between 0.71-0.82). The research findings showed that there was significant difference between impact, meaningful and competence feeling of rural women in terms of access to the computer at home. Also, there was significant difference between impact feeling in terms of access to the internet at home. Findings of correlation analysis showed that there was negative and significant correlation between use of telegram, instagram, television by rural women and their meaningful feeling.

Structural analyses in the SE Alborz Mountains show that deformation style changes in different parts of the area. In the southwestern parts, presence of a thick succession of low competent middle-upper Eocene to Pliocene layers that include marl and evaporitic rocks have facilitated the occurrence of open to gentle upright folds. However, to northeast, where a thinner succession of low competent layer is observed, high-angle reverse faults has occurred. The low competent units seem to have deposited in a shallow-water marine basin formed as a result of a regional uplift in response to onset of reverse kinematics on the Bashm Fault during the late Eocene time. The onset of this reverse kinematics is contributed by the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates. As a consequence, our data mainly agrees with the studies proposing the late Eocene-early Oligocene as the time of commencement of the Arabia-Eurasia collision. Additionally, since the SE Alborz Mountains seem to have experienced a prolonged extensional setting during the middle Eocene, the above-mentioned reverse kinematics may indicate inversion of a middle Eocene basin. Our data also revealed that the late Miocene-late Pliocene was a critical time in the study area, when regional surface uplift took place and substantial clastic materials were shed upon the already folded rock units. A significant episode of deformation may have occurred at this time.

ABSTRACTToday, the agricultural extension and education system is a facilitator in the process of identifying needs, creating ideas, providing innovative plans for improving the quality of inputs, innovation in the production process of agricultural and livestock products, innovation in the process of processing, packaging, distribution, branding, innovation in insurance services, Finance and marketing have a significant impact. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational-extension factors affecting the formation of the apricot value chain in Mahneshan Township. Statistical population for this study consisted apricat orchard growers in the central part of Mahneshan city of Zanjan province (N = 1502). The sample size was determined to be 309 based on Krejcie and Morgan's table. Multi-stage sampling method was used to access the samples and complete the questionnaires. In the present study, the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts. Cronbach's alpha method was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The findings showed that the use of educational and extension programs with a path coefficient of 0.65 had the most significant effect and the educational and extension services with a path coefficient of 0.20 had the least impact on the formation of the value chain. These variables explained 54% of the value chain variance.

Environmental crises are among the most important problems and concerns in the 21st century. Many researchers and experts believe that by encouraging the pro-environmental behavior, these problems can be reduced and it requires increasing the human-environmental knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effects of environmental knowledge on students' pro-environmental behavior. This research is a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all agricultural students studying at the University of Zanjan (N= 1,127). The sample size was calculated using Krejcie and Morgan's sampling table (n= 290), and the subjects were surveyed using a proportional stratified random sampling method.  In the statistical process of data analysis, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS ver. 24.0 software was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that students’ systematic knowledge had a positive and significant effect on students' pro-environmental behavior. Also, the findings indicated that action-related and effective knowledge had no significant effect on students' environmental behavior. Therefore, the systematic knowledge is, directly and indirectly, a good determinant for the environmental behaviors that should be taken into consideration to improve the students' environmental behaviors.

The purpose of this descriptive research was to analyze the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the environmental behavior of rural women. The statistical population of the study was 1288 rural women in the Halil Rood watershed of Jiroft Township. Sample size determined 297 via using Krejcie and Morgan’s table. Sampling method was proportional stratified sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire confirmed by a panel of experts. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted. Then Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated. The value was between 0.71 to 0.87 for research variables. Research results showed that the majority of rural women had a desirable situation about all components of the theory of planned behavior (Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavior Control, Intention, and Behavior). Research results also showed that the pro-environmental behavior of rural women was different according to their type of occupation and marital status. Also literacy and age had a significant relationship with pro-environmental behavior of rural women.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of implementing a community-based addiction prevention plan on the quality of life of villagers in Marivan county. The method of this research was descriptive-correlational which was done using the survey technique. The statistical population of this study was the villagers of Marivan city, among whom a community-based addiction prevention plan was implemented, which included 8127 people. The sample size was 384 using Cochran's formula. The results of descriptive statistics showed that the mean of the variable components of the effectiveness of the community-based plan for addiction prevention (prevention and reduction of substance abuse) was obtained at a low level (<2). The mean of social, economic and health components of quality of life was less than average (<3) and for the physical component of the variable quality of life was more than average (>3). The results obtained from the structural model of the research showed that the community-based addiction prevention plan had a positive and significant effect on the quality of life variable. The results of the structural model of the study showed that the community-based plan for addiction prevention had a positive and significant effect on the quality of life variable so that this variable explained 76% of the changes in the quality of life of the studied villagers.

The rapid increase in global population and the industrialization of agricultural products have led to the destruction of natural resources and posed great challenges to the ecosystem. The purpose of this descriptive research was to identify the intention of strawberry growers in Marivan and SarvAbad counties to apply Good Agriculture Practices (GAP). The statistical population of the study was strawberry growers in Marivan and SarvAbad county (N=241). The sample size determined via the Krejcie and Morgan table (n=174). The sampling was based on a proportional stratified random sampling approach. The research instrument was a structured questionnaire. Face and content validities of the questionnaire evaluated and verified by a group of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR) coefficients. For data analysis, AMOS23 and SPSS23 software were used. Descriptive results showed that the highest and lowest mean for the components of GAP behavior were assigned to the harvesting and packaging (3.60 out of 5) and the field condition and location (2.96 out of 5), respectively. It also should be emphasized that the means calculated for the variables attitude (3.76 out of 5), subjective norms (3.45 out of 5), perceived behavioral control (3.19 out of 5), and intention of applying GAP (3.66 out of 5) were greater than the average score. Research findings showed that attitude and perceived behavioral control had positive and significant effects on farmers' intention toward applying GAP. So that these variables could explain about 25% of variation in strawberry growers’ intention toward applying GAP.

Environmental sustainability represents material and non-material actions that provide key information on environmental impacts, compliance, stakeholder relationships, and organizational systems and represent definitions of the effectiveness and productivity of environmental actions. Environmental performance means the amount of impact that physical activity has on the environment . It highlights the environmental sustainability dimensions and assesses the performance of policies and programs of countries in reducing environmental problems, environmental protection and natural resource management. The purpose of this research was to analysis  the effects of villagers environmental performance on their perception toward environmental sustainability in Baghmalek county.

The present study is quantitative  in terms of its nature and objectives, a descriptive survey in terms of data collection, and a correlation study in terms of analyzing the data. Statistical population of the study was rural households heads in central region of Baghmalek township located at Khuzestan Province (N=3005). Sample size determined via Krejcie and Morgan’s table (n=341). Sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Research instrument was questionnaire. Which its face and content validity were confirmed a by panel of experts. To determine the reliability of the research tool, a pilot test was conducted that the Cronbach's alpha values for the main scales of the questionnaire was in the desirable range (0.78 to 0.91).

The results of descriptive statistics showed that the mean of respondents' perception toward environmental sustainability was 3.66 out of 6. Also, the calculated mean for environmental performance was 3.79 out of 6. Among the components of environmental performance, consumption with average (4.36 out of 6) and recycling with average (3.45 out of 6) had the highest and lowest priority, respectively. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the values of composite reliability (CR) and extracted mean variance (AVE) calculated for environmental performance components were obtained at optimum level. Considering the significant correlation between environmental performance components, this structure had logical validity. The results of the measuring coefficients of the items of respondents' perception toward environmental sustainability showed that the value of the AVE was at the appropriate level and the CR was at the optimum level. Also, there was significant correlations between items of perception showed that this variable had acceptable logical validity. The findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that environmental performance had positive and significant effect on the respondents perception toward environmental sustainability. So that this variable explained 13 percent of the variance in perception. Also, results showed that three components of environmental performance (consumption, institutional and recycling) had positive and significant effect on the respondents perception toward environmental sustainability. So that these components could explain 24 percent of the of the variance in respondents perception.

As a general conclusion, it can be said that in the villages under study, environmental behavior needs to be adequately informed about environmental performance. As a result, as villagers' skills lead to higher levels of positive environmental performance,  will perform more environmentally friendly behaviors that can help promote environmental sustainability.

The purpose of this descriptive research was to analyze effect of environmental beliefs on participatory behaviors of farmers toward water conservation. Statistical population of the study was farmer households in central region of the Zarivar watershed located at Marivan township (N=2097). Sample size determined via Cochran formula (n=237). The sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire revised and verified by a panel of experts. Convergent validity of questionnaire was obtained at the optimum level by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) and composite reliability (CR). To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, a pilot test was conducted, and then Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated. For data analysis, AMOS and SPSS software were used. Descriptive results showed that the highest and lowest mean for components of general beliefs were assigned to the human interdependence (3.08 out of 5) and the human exception (1.78 out of 5) respectively. Also, means of farmers’ specific beliefs were calculated upper than average level (3.75 out of 5) and for farmers’ participatory behavior toward water, conservation was lower than the average level (2.51 out of 6). Research findings showed that general and specific beliefs of farmers had a positive and significant effect on their participatory behavior toward water conservation. So that these variables could explain about 0.29% variance of participatory water conservation behvaior.

The purpose of this descriptive-correlational research was to explain the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the formation of the apricot value chain in Mahneshan Township. The statistical population of the study was apricot growers of central region in Mahneshan connty (N=320). The sample size determined via the Cochran formula (n=118). The sampling method was simple random sampling. The research instrument was a researcher-designed questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire verified by the panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients in the desirable range (greater than 0.7). Descriptive results showed that the mean for components of the ICTs including information resources, resource usage level, and accessibility level were 1.687, 1.188, and 1.957, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated mean value for apricot value chain was obtained 1.957 out of 6. Findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that this variable could explain about 67% of the variation of apricot value chain formation in Mahneshan county. The two components of access rate and the use of resources with the values of 0.37 and 0.25, had the highest and lowest effect on the formation of apricot value chain, respectivel.

Concerns about the environment in general and water scarcity in particular have led to the implementation and development of policies aimed at changing the behavior of farmers in the field of water conservation. Many environmental problems are rooted in human behavior and can be solved by understanding human behavior. Thus, the purpose of this descriptive research was to analyze the effects of norms on participatory behaviors of farmers towards water conservation. Statistical population of the study was farm households in central region of Zarivar wetland watershed located in Marivan county (N=2097). Sample size determined using Cochran formula (n=237). Sampling method was multi-stages stratified sampling. Face and content validity of the questionnaire explored and verified by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability coefficients. For data analysis, AMOS and SPSS23 were used. Research findings showed that participatory norms, legal norms, and normative beliefs of farmers had significant positive effects on their participatory behavior towards water conservation. So that normative beliefs (ß= 0.60) and participatory norms (ß= 0.18) had the highest and lowest effects on farmers’ participatory behavior towards water conservation, respectively. These variables could account for about 47 percent of variance of the variable participatory water conservation behavior.

Nowadays, empowering of human resources in organizations is important factors that it can gait toward mobility of organization. Also, empowerment can provide necessary equipment for reveal organizational citizenship behavior. The purpose of this research was analyzing the relationship between Psychological Empowerment (PE) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among ministry of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi staffs.Research design of this applied study was descriptive–correlational. The Statistical population of study consisted of staffs who worked in deputies of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi ministry (N=1222). Sample size was estimated by Krejcie and Morgan’s table (n=295) and respondents were studied using stratified random sampling.Technique a questionnaire was Research instrument was used to collect dotg. Face and content validity considered by panel expert of agricultural extension and education and Organizational Behavior and human resource management. Reliability of questionnaire was determined by pilot test and then Cronbach alpha calculated 0.78 and 0.85. Findings showed that components of competency, self-determination, impact, meaning and trust had positive and significant correlation with OCB. Linear regression results showed that trust explains 32.5% of OCB variance between Staffs of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi ministry.

Nowaday, women's empowerment is one of the goals of development and it means increasing awareness, reliability, choice, skill and control power by them.  Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the effect of social capital on the psychological empowerment of rural women in Salmas township. The research method was descriptive and correlation.The statistical population consisted of rural women in Salmas township located at West Azarbaijan. The statistical population of this study was 31996 rural women. The sample size calculated 382 via Krejcie and Morgan table. A multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the samples. The research instrument was a questionnaire which its face and content validity were confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed via calculating the Cronbach's and the composite reliability coefficients. The findings of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that social capital had positive and significant effect on the psychological empowerment of rural women. So that, this variable explained 34 percent of the variance in rural women's psychological empowerment.

The goal of this research was to analyze the relationship between relationship between social capital and life quality of Khuzestan province villagers with an emphasis on the mediator role of tourism. Statistical population of study was rural households in central region of Baghmalek and Izeh township located at Khuzestan province (N=484). Sample size determined via sample size table of Bartlett et al.(2001). (n=218). Sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. Research instrument was questionnaire. Face and content validity of the questionnaire revised and verified by panel of agricultural extension and education and rural development experts. Calculated values of Cronbach’s Alpha, average variance extracted and composite reliability were acceptable for different parts of the questionnaire. Results of path analysis by PlS software showed that there is positive and significant relation between social capital and life quality of villagers. Also, related results of mediating effect of environmental sustainability of tourism on relation between social capital and EST showed that there is positive and significant relationship between social capital and EST and also between EST and villagers’ life quality. Therefore as a main finding of this study can be concluded EST has mediator effect on relationships between social capital and villagers’ life quality

Public law in Iran have been influenced by the French legal system since its inception. Consequently, the foundations of public law in Iran were also influenced by the thought of French lawyers. One of these is the "separation between public and private law" that occurred in France for political and social reasons. Another important ground in public law is the "institutionalism in public law” which was influenced by theorists such as Maurice Hauriou. The third basis is the French interpretation of "rule of law" which had a special place for the French scholars. These bases in public law which are the results of the thought of Bordeaux and Toulouse schools and the practice of the French legal system in the past, now it also affects Dr. Ghazi’s legal thoughts. These issues have manifested itself in the form of government and the separation of powers, pure legalism in solving legal problems and inflation of laws, the emphasis on the formal rule of law, process, rules and standards relating to the legislation and enforcement of laws in the country, the rules and general principles of Administrative law and many more.

Environmental pollution, destruction and overuse of natural resources come mostly from inappropriate human behaviors. The role of women in protecting the environment is considered as a critical contribution to conservation of natural resources. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the environmental behavior of rural women in Halilrood watershed area of Jiroft County in Kerman province of Iran using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in 2017. This survey research was conducted in a descriptive method. Accessible statistical population included rural women of the studied area (N=1288). Sample size was determined via Krejcie and Morgan table (n=297). Sampling was done in a proportional stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Study results showed that there was a positive and significant (p≤0.01) relationship between antecedent variables including environmental attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) and mediator variable (environmental intention); also, there was a positive and significant (p≤0.01) relationship between the environmental intention and the rural women's behavior. Therefore, antecedent variables could explain 63 percent of variations in the rural women’s behavior by environmental intention

The main purpose of this study was analyzing the relationship between agricultural heritages and environmental sustainability of tourism. Statistical population of the study was rural households in Baghmalek and Izeh township located at Khuzestan province (N=484). Sample size determined via sample size table of Bartlett et al. (2001). (n=218). The proportional stratified sampling method was used for the study of samples. The research instrument was a questionnaire. Content validity of questionnaire revised and verified by a panel of experts. Also, values of discriminant validity (AVE), Cronbach’s Alpha and composite validity were desirable. Results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that agricultural heritage has a positive and significant effect (p value=0.01) on the environmental sustainability of tourism. So that agricultural heritage and its components (tangible and intangible heritages) explained 21.3% variation of environmental sustainability. Therefore it is necessary that authorities, planners, and all stakeholders always consider impacts of rural tourism development on cultural heritage and local communities in historical cities and surrounding areas of agricultural heritage sites.

The purpose of this study was to analyze environmental factors affecting environmental conservation behavior of villagers. The research method was descriptive-correlational, which was carried out using survey technique. The statistical population consisted of rural households in central region of Baghmalek township located at Khuzestan Province (N=3005) that 341 heads of rural households were selected using Krejcie and Morgan. Sampling method was proportional stratified random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire which its Face and content validity were confirmed by a panel of experts. The reliability of the scales was approved with Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling multivariate technique by AMOS and SPSS. Descriptive results showed that among six variables, three variables (including enviornmental ethics, values and attitudes) were at avrage level and three other variables (including enviornmental concern, intention and behvior) were at high level. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the mentioned variables had significant effect on behavior so that these variables explained about 76 percent of the variability of environmental conservation behavior.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB). Seventy-six breeders were randomly selected from among 95 breeders who were working at the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Data were collected by a questionnaire as the main data collection instrument. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was approved by a panel of agricultural extension and plant breeding experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and it turned out to be high, ranging from 0.83-0.92. The descriptive findings of the study suggested that the breeders had generally positive perception toward using PPB. The correlation analysis results showed that there is a positive and significant (p>0.01) correlation among the levels of familiarity with PPB, advantages, and breeders’ perception toward the use of PPB. In addition, there was a negative and significant (p>0.01) correlation between breeders' perception of the disadvantages faced by PPB and their perception of using participatory plant breeding. Finally, stepwise regression analysis indicated that the advantages and disadvantages of PPB explained about 58% of the variations in breeders’ perception toward using PPB.

The main purpose of this descriptive- correlative study was an analysis of the effect of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial spirit among agricultural students in Tarbiat Modares University. The population of this research consisted of graduate students in agricultural faculty of Tarbiat Modares University (N=764). Sample size was determined by Krejcie and Morgan table (n=280). Sampling method was stratified random sampling. (n=256). Research instrument was questionnaire. Face and content validity verified by faculty members of agricultural extension and education in Tarbiat Modarres University. For determining reliability of instrument, pilot test is done then mean of Chronbach’s alpha calculated for emotional intelligence 0.72 and entrepreneurial spirit 0.85. Discriminant validity and the composite reliability of the research instrument were tested by estimating the measurement model and they were satisfied after making necessary corrections. For analysis of data, variance and covariance technique is used by structural equation modeling. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the emotional intelligence had a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial spirit of students. Thus, this explained about 55 percent of the variations of entrepreneurial spirit among students. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that reinforcing the emotional intelligence directly results in improvement of entrepreneurship students of Tarbiat Modares University.

Nowadays, interest in quality in higher education and universities has been increased and paid attention in educational researches in international area. This descriptive- correlational research aimed to investigate university educational services quality from the students’ viewpoint. The statistical population of the research consisted of all Master of Science (MSc.) and Ph. D. students of faculty of agriculture in Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) (N= 414). Using Krejcie and Morgan’s table and simple random sampling, 193 students were selected as research sample (n= 193). A structured questionnaire, including end-closed answers using adjusted educational service quality (SERVQUAL) model in five dimensions was the main tool for data gathering. A panel of agricultural extension and education confirmed the validity of the questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach alpha. According to the results, the priority of educational service quality dimension from the students’ viewpoints included empathy, responsiveness, reliability, tangibility and assurance. The results of comparing tests means showed that there were significant differences between the students with different courses, different average of scores and different gender regarding the satisfying from the educational service quality.

The purpose of this research was the analysis of relationship between demographic characteristics of students and their satisfaction about educational quality in Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center. Research method of this study was descriptive and correlational method. Statistical population of study were students who involved in Imam Khomeini Higher Education Center (N=2264). Sample size was determined by Cochran’s formula (n=168). Sampling method was stratified random sampling. Research instrument was questionnaire. Face and content validity verified by faculty members of agricultural extension and education. Also, reliability of instrument was determined by Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.71-0.87). Descriptive results showed that student satisfaction about “quality of educational management and rules” was highest priority but their satisfaction about “quality of educational facilities and infrastructure” was lowest priority. Generally, satisfaction level of students about educational quality was assessed relatively favorable. Inferential statistics results showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between variables such as age, job background, average, satisfaction of major and satisfaction of educational quality.

The purpose of this study was to analyses the features of good faculty from students’ perspectives. The design of the study was descriptive survey research. The target population consisted for the study was 155 Master of Science Students at Agriculture College of Tarbiat Modarres University. A simple random sampling method was used to select 110 students as sample of the study. A questionnaire was used as an instrument for data gathering. Face validity of the questionnaire was established by using a panel of experts in agricultural extension and education. A pilot test was conducted to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Cranach’s alpha was estimated about.0.82. The results of means comparison tests showed that students’ gender and majors did not have any significant effects on their perspectives toward good faculty characteristics. In other words, students in different fields of study had the same view point toward good faculty characteristics. Factor analysis results showed that approximately %73 variances of good faculty characteristics determined by educational, behavioral, technical, communication and personal factors.