annahita rezaie

Stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones are mainly used in dogs and horses to strengthen muscle growth, increase of body weight, treatment of anemia and stimulation of appetite; nevertheless, some side effects have been reported, including testicular atrophy, and decrease of spermatozoid count in dogs. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the histopathological changes of testicular and epididymal tissues in dogs treated with stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate. The present survey was performed on sixtheen male dogs. The studied animals were divided into two equal groups of eight. Stanozolol was administered to dogs in group A with dosage of 50 mg per dog intramuscularly for 6 continuous weeks. Group B was similar to group A, but instead of stanozolol, nandrolone decanoate was injected with dosage of 1 mg/kg. To evaluate the possible side effects on the testicles, one of them was surgically removed before the investigation and the second testicle was removed on days 28 (four dogs in each group) and 42 (the remaining four of each group). Before the testes were placed in 10% formalin buffer, sperm quality in the epididymis was evaluated for indicators such as motility, morphology and number in times zero, 28 and 42 days. The results showed that destructive effects were obtained such as hyperplasia of interstitial Leydig cells, vacuolation, the presence of multinucleated cells and different stages of spermatogonia in testicular tissue; also, the destruction of duct covering cells and the detachment of cilia in the epididymal epithelium was observed. These changes were significantly greater in the stanozolol group than nandrolone decanoate. The quantitative changes were more pronounced in the stanozolol group and the qualitative changes in the nanderlone decanoate group. Although both drugs had side effects on testicular and epididymal tissues; the side effects of stanozolol were greater than nandrolone decanoate; therefore, it is recommended minimum dose of nandrolone decanate for therapeutic purposes.

Humic acid is a soluble organic substance in varying concentrations in most aquatic ecosystems. Humic acid is present in water and the food chain is directly consumed by aquatic animals. This study investigated the effects of a humic acid-enriched diet on growth performance and gut histology in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens). To prepare the experimental diets, four amounts of humic acid were added to a basic diet: 0 [control], 5, 10, and 15 g kg-1 diet. The duration of the experiments was six weeks. The length and weight of the fish in the different treatments did not differ at the end of the experiment. No significant differences were found between treatments in growth traits and feed efficiency. The condition factor as a symbol of health also did not differ between the experimental treatments. However, the intestines of fish fed 10 and 15 g kg-1 humic acid had longer and thicker villi than those of control animals. No significant differences were found in the depth of the intestinal crypt between the treatments. The results of the present study show that adding humic acid to the diet of Siamese fighting fish is associated with the development of intestinal tissue, but has no significant effect on the growth performance of the fish.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three commercial probiotics (Bio-Aqua®, Bio-Aqua pond®, and Multi Behsil 100) on the growth, nutrition, and biochemical parameters of common carp fingerlings. For this purpose, 210 common carp fingerlings (with a mean weight: 9.6±0.02 g and mean length: 12.9±0.32 cm) were randomly divided into 7 treatments (treatment 1 (control): basic diet without probiotics, treatment 2: 0.2 g of Bio-Aqua®, treatment 3: 0.1 g of Bio-Aqua®, treatment 4: 0.002 g/L of Bio-Aqua pond® dissolved in tank water, treatment 5: 0.001 g/L Bio-Aqua pond ® dissolved in tank water, treatment 6: 0.2 g of Multi Behsil 100, and treatment 7: 0.1 g of probiotic Multi Behsil 100) in triplicates, and 10 fish in each replicate. The commercial probiotics were added to the commercial diet, and the fish were fed based on body weight percentage for 60 days. Based on the results, the use of probiotics Bio-Aqua® and MultiBehsil 100, caused positive effects on the growth and nutrition parameters of common carp, although the use of 0.1 g of Bio-Aqua® per kilogram of the diet of common carp led to an improvement in growth, although, increasing the amount of this probiotic at the level of 0.2 g/kg led to negative effects on growth performance. The use of Multibehsil 100, caused positive effects on common carp. Thus, the best effect on growth performance and body composition was seen in the diet containing MultiBehsil 100 (0.1 and 0.2 g/kg of basic diet). Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of MultiBehsil 100 and Bio-Aqua® have favorable effects on common carp.

Effects of dietary soy lecithin on the growth performance and serum biochemistry parameters of Asian Sea bass Lates calcarifer with initial fish weight of 50.36±7.69 g were investigated in a 60 days experiment. 6 diets in the present study in the almost isoproteic and isoenergitic (45% protein and 15 kj/g) were made from a combination of 2 oil sources including fish oil and a mixture of vegetable oils with three levels of zero, 2 and 4% soy lecithin. For this purpose, experimental diets were formulated in the form of diet 1 (fish oil), diet 2 (fish oil + 2% lecithin), diet 3 (fish oil + 4% lecithin), diet 4 (mixture of vegetable oils (soybean oil and Canola oil in equal proportion)), diet 5 (mixture of vegetable oils) + 2% lecithin) and diet 6 (mixture of vegetable oils + 4% lecithin). Checking and comparing the amounts of fatty acids in the diets showed the positive effect of adding soy lecithin to the diet on the increase of n-3 LCPUFA fatty acids. The results showed that growth performance increased with increasing dietary lecithin (P<0.05). Among the biochemical parameters, adding soy lecithin to the diet increased cholesterol and ALT enzyme but has no effect on ALP level. The results of this research showed that, inclusion of 4 % of soybean lecithin in diet for Asian sea bass is optimum for improving growth performance parameters in this species.

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between aflatoxin levels and pathological lesions observed in poultry liver.  Out of 50 liver samples including 10 samples with healthy appearance and 40 samples with pale appearance from 10 herds in Ahvaz slaughterhouses were randomly selected. One part of the selected liver was evaluated for histopathological lesions after staining by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic schiff method, and the other part was frozen to measure different types of aflatoxins by HPLC technique. The results showed that none of the 10 liver tissue samples with healthy appearance and 2 of 30 liver tissue samples with swollen and pale appearance were infected with aflatoxins B1, G1, B2 0.19 ± 0.01 , 0.17 ± 0.04, 0.075 ±.007 μg kg, respectively. In liver tissues with healthy appearance and with swollen and pale appearance, histopathological lesions were often observed in the form of hepatocellular swelling and vacuolar degeneration. The results of this study showed that there was no significant relationship between histopathological lesions of the liver and aflatoxin contamination in the relevant samples and these general lesions also occur under the influence of other pathogenesis factors, so the effect of other factors affecting the growth of broilers should be studied.

This paper aims to investigate the effect of topical application of pentoxifylline and zinc oxide combination on experimental full-thickness wound healing in rats. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 g were randomly divided into four groups of 12: Control (C), Zinc oxide (Z), Pentoxifylline (P), and Zinc-Pentoxifylline (ZP). For topical use of pentoxifylline, the ointment was formulated as 5%. All rat were anesthetized by intraperitoneal administration of a combination of xylazine 2% and ketamine 10% and after transfer to the operating table, under aseptic conditions, using a sterile ruler and surgical razor, a 2×2 cm2 skin defect in the back was created. In order to manage the wound, each group received appropriate treatment. In the ZP group, the combination of pentoxifylline and zinc oxide was treated in a ratio of 1:1. On days 7, 14, and 21 after facilitation, a subgroup of each main group was sampled, then the samples were examined macroscopically and microscopically. At the end of this period, the highest percentage of the healing, wound closure, and keratinocyte migration and the lowest inflammation belonged to the PZ group. The rate of inflammation and the number of inflammatory cells at the end of the period were lower in the ZP group than Z group and there was a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, this study showed that wound healing is performed with better speed and quality following topical application of a combination of zinc oxide and pentoxifylline. However, more studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.

Fibroepithelial hyperplasia is a physiological change in mammary glands tissue characterized by a significant increase in the size of one or more mammary glands. The disease is commonly seen in healthy cats and may also be seen in older female cats. This report describes the clinical, radiographic, and microscopic features of a cat with fibroepithelial hyperplasia. A 4-year-old female cat weighing 2.7 kg with a large mass below the abdomen was referred to the veterinary hospital of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. After clinical examination and radiological evaluation, he underwent surgery and the isolated mass was sent to the pathology department. The mass was solid and was observed at the incision of several lobules that had a walnut-like appearance. Under microscopic examination, proliferation of mammary duct epithelial cells and formation of new tubules were significant. Also, a large amount of connective tissue was observed around the formed tubes. Empty spaces were observed between the connecting strands, which indicated edema. It should be noted that no malignant changes were observed. In general, according to clinical, radiological and microscopic characteristics, fibroepithelial hyperplasia was diagnosed. The pathophysiology of fibroepithelial hyperplasia of the mammary gland is not well understood, but most likely sexual hormones play roles in etiology of fibroepithelial hyperplasia.

Mycoplasmosis is one of the most important diseases in the poultry industry. mycoplasma synoviae is one of the important disease-causing factors in chickens, which causes respiratory tract infection and synovitis. and leads to significant economic losses to the poultry industry all over the world. In this study, mycoplasma infection of broiler flocks in Ahvaz slaughterhouse was investigated using molecular method. For this purpose, 200 samples of lung and trachea tissues and joint fluid of hock joint were collected from 20 broiler flocks with macroscopic symptoms and 20 samples from the mentioned parts from apparently healthy broiler chickens of each flock in the winter season. Tissue DNA extraction was performed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect Vlha gene of mycoplasma synoviae. Of the 200 samples, 55 lungs and 45 tracheas from flocks with macroscopic symptoms and 4 lung and trachea samples from apparently healthy birds were positive. In the molecular examination of joint samples, no positive cases were observed for the presence of mycoplasma synoviae. The PCR products of positive samples were sent to Gene FanAvaran Company for sequencing. The sequence of a part of the Vlha gene of this isolate was compared with other isolates in the gene bank and it was about 99% similar to the previous Iranian isolates (IRG11/C/09, IRG6/C/08, IRG1/C/08). According to the results of the present study, mycoplasma synoviae is common among broiler flocks under investigation in Ahvaz slaughterhouse. Therefore, the policy makers of the health system of the poultry industry should prevent the economic losses caused by this disease with preventive measures.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Botulinum Toxin A (Botox) and lidocaine on the repair of abdominal muscle defects. This study was conducted on 40 rats in four groups. Animals during experimental abdominal wall defect creation and before closing the defect in the Botox group, 5 units of Botox, in the lidocaine group 1 ml of 1% lidocaine, in the Botox-lidocaine group 10 units of Botox with lidocaine with a final volume of 1 cc and in the control group received normal saline in a volume of 1 ml. Each group was divided into two subgroups. Each subgroup animal was sacrificed on days 6 and 12, respectively, after surgery, and after taking a sample, it was examined macroscopically and microscopically. In macroscopic evaluation on both days 6 and 12 after surgery, the highest muscle tension (stretching of the muscles in the nipple area and a significant reduction in abdominal volume) belonged to the normal saline group and the lowest to the Botox and Botox-lidocaine groups. In microscopy on day 6, in normal saline and lidocaine groups, a wider area of granulation tissue and a large number of inflammatory cells were observed, and in the Botox and Botox-lidocaine groups, a less limited amount of granulation tissue was observed. On day 12, in the control and lidocaine groups, a large level of granulation tissue and fibroblasts was observed, while in the Botox and Botox-lidocaine groups, a very small amount of connective tissue was seen at the incision site. Animals receiving normal saline had significantly more inflammation than the groups receiving Botox and Botox lidocaine. According to the results, it seems that topical administration of Botox-lidocaine combination can be a good solution to reduce suture tension and prevent rupture of abdominal sutures.

Herpesvirus type 3 (CyHV-3) is the main cause of contagious koi herpesvirus infectious (KHVD) in common carp and koi worldwide. For this purpose, 60 pieces of common carp from farms with losses and farms from Khuzestan province that reported losses in the last few years were sampled during 2017 to 2021 for detection of Koi herpes virus disease by molecular method. In order to increase the virus load in gill and kidney tissues, three gills and kidney samples were separately mixed together for each three fish. DNA extraction from the tissue was performed using the commercial kit of Raha Zist Padtan Company according to the instructions. Afterward, Nested PCR test was performed using Amplicon master mix and polymerase gene primers. The results of the Nested PCR showed that 3 samples (two gill samples and one kidney tissue sample) out of 40 mixed samples tested had 339 kbp band and were considered as positive samples. Sequencing of PCR products and preliminary Blast analysis showed that the sequence of one of the positive samples was similar to the CyHV-3. The results of the alignment of the nucleotide rows and the phylogeny tree of this sequence confirmed Koi herpesvirus and it was registered in the World Gene Bank with the accession number of LC713276.

Today, the increasing use of beauty products such as Botox has raised concerns about their secondary impact on the body. The healing of wounds created at the site of these injections and paralyzed areas in case of this medicine has been considered by many researchers and physicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of wound healing in an area that previously treated with Botox. This study was performed on 30 rats weighing 200 to 250 g. 10 days before surgery Animals in Botox group, was injected 5 units of Botox and in the control group, saline serum with a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously in an area of 20 × 20 mm. After 10 days, the animals were ready for surgery. The surgery was performed by removing the injected area of the skin in full thickness and then the animals were kept in separate cages. Each of the Botox and control groups was divided into three equal subgroups (n = 5). Each of the subgroups was examined macroscopically and microscopically on days 7, 14 and 21, respectively, after euthanasia. In macroscopic evaluation of wound size and wound closure percentage, no significant difference was observed between Botox and control groups; However at all animals the percentage of wound closure in the Botox group was higher than the control group. In microscopic evaluation of skin sections in the day of 7 after wounding, in the Botox group, a large number of fibroblasts and blood capillaries that contained abundant erythrocytes were seen. On the day of 14 in the Botox group, the fleshy bud tissue showed faster maturation and the fleshy bud tissue contained fewer fibroblasts and more collagen fibers were seen. In the Day of 21 In all mice of Botox group, most of the wounds were completely covered by proliferated keratinocytes and also in the dermis, compared to the control group, connective tissue with pink fibers and a small number of fibroblasts and blood capillaries were visible. Overall, this study showed that wound healing in areas where previously injected by Botox is not problematic but also performed with better speed and quality.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a serious contemporary public health problem. Different CE treatment methods are of considerable importance, with albendazole (ABZ) being one of the most preferred drugs for CE treatment and prophylaxis. In this study, we evaluated the nephrotoxicity caused by ABZ and ABZ-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) in mice with experimental hydatid cyst.

ABZ-loaded SLNs were produced by micro-emulsification and a high shear homogenization technique. Thereafter, we evaluated the physicochemical characterization of the product. Live protoscolices were injected into mice to induce experimental hydatidosis. Mice were then treated with ABZ and ABZ-loaded SLNs. The nephrotoxicity effects were evaluated by biochemical and histopathological surveys.

Significantly different blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were observed between the two infected groups (ABZ treatment and ABZ-loaded SLN treatment) and the control group. The kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels of the infected groups were not significantly different from those of the control group. The histopathological study revealed nephropathic and pathologic changes in the ABZ and ABZ-loaded SLN groups.

ABZ formulated for ABZ-loaded SLNs had a more prominent chemoprophylactic efficacy on CE and fewer side effects than ABZ alone. Neither ABZ nor ABZ-loaded SLNs caused significant biochemical and histopathological defects on the kidney, and all functional biochemical markers stayed within the normal range. Therefore, ABZ-loaded SLNs could be a potential new product for CE treatment.

Wounds are the creation of any defects and loss of connectivity of body tissues, both inside and outside the body. Researchers have always sought to find the most effective and least complicating factor to accelerate the wound healing process. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of honey alone or in combination with zinc oxide on healing the experimental defect of skin full-thickness wound in rats. In this study, 48 adult male white Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 12 including the first group (control = C), the second group (honey = H), the third group (zinc = Z), and the fourth group (honey and zinc oxide= (ZH). A full-thickness skin defect with dimensions of 2 × 2 cm was created in the skin of the back, as well as the distance between the neck and the pelvic area. All animals received treatment appropriate to their group. Four rats from each group were prepared on histopathological samples on days 7, 14, and 21 and microscopic examination was performed. Axiovision software was used for macroscopic assessments. The highest healing rate on day 7 after wounding belonged to the Z group and the lowest to the H group. Also, the highest rate of healing on the 14th day after wounding belonged to the Z group and the lowest to the ZH group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups. On day 21 after wounding, the percentage of wound contraction in the ZH group was significantly higher than the C (p = 0.001), H (p = 0.001), and Z (p = 0.013) groups. Microscopic examination of the skin, 21 days after wounding, showed that the wound was completely covered by amplified keratinocytes in all rats in the ZH group. This was seen in two rats in the Z group and one in the C group. In all rats in the H group, the wound surface was still not completely covered and there was a scab on the wound. In the dermis of all ZH rats, regular clusters of collagens with a small number of fibroblasts and capillaries were observed. This study showed that the combination of zinc oxide and honey has a better effect on the wound healing process than other groups and accelerates the wound healing process. The combination of these two substances increases the formation of fleshy tissue and wound contraction and reduces inflammation and wound scarring.

In this study sedative effect of Clove extract and Tobacco extract and tricaine methane sulfonate (MS???) on some organs of common carp (liver and gills) was studied. ??? common carp were divided to ? groups (? Clove extract ?? mg/l and ?? mg/l, ? Tobacco extract ?? mg/l and ?? mg/l and ? tricaine methane sulfonate (MS???) ?? mg/l and ?? mg/l for ? days and one group considered as control of study). Each group had ?? fish with ? replicates. In days ? and ? after sedation ? fish from each treatment were randomly selected and sampling was carried from the liver and gill. After fixation with ??% Formalin and routine procedures were performed in histopathological lab and Preparation of histopathological sections and staining sections, slides were examined. Histopathological examination revealed necrosis of lamella epithelium in Tobacco extract ?? mg/l group. In other groups of clove extract and methane sulfonate trichinae (MS???) no changes depend on this research were not seen in the liver and gills of fish. According to the microscopic results, clove extract has less pathological effects in comparison with Tobacco extract. More Histopathological research is definitely needed on the use of tobacco extract and clove extract in Aquaculture.

In November 2019 five samples of diseased tetra fish from a fish propagation center were referred to the faculty laboratory. Diseased fish exhibited irritation, flashing, anorexia, respiratory distress (gasping) and some fresh sore on body surface, especially head region. In this study, the classic sign of Ichthyophthiriasis (i.e., white spots) was not seen on fish skin, but pathological changes and a significant number of the parasite was seen on the gills and operculum region. The density of infestation was greater in gills and in fins and skin the intensity of the parasite was lower. The tissue scraping was examined by photomicroscope and large (50 to 1000 μm) trophonts were seen in wet and Giemsa stained dry smears. In histopathologic sections, the parasites have elicited moderate gill cellular reactions, hyperplasia and shortening of the secondary lamella. Theront or early trophont stage was seen attached to the basal layer, under the epithelium of the gill. The fish stock was successfully treated by changing the water salinity, elevating the water temperature and Lateux-Meyer mixture bath.

In this study, post-mortem changes, including chemical, physical, microbial and sensorial changes, were performed in “Gatan” during ice storage. For this purpose, 18 fishes with Average weight 251.4 ± 4.24 g were transferred to the wet laboratory of Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, and in order to adapt to the laboratory conditions and to remove the stress caused by displacement, They were kept under favorable conditions for a week. Samples were catch immediately stored in ice for 72 hours, and meat quality indices were measured at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after death. The results showed that pH, TBA, FFA indices increased during storage period, TVBN initially decreased and then increased Microbiological studies also showed that the Cyrophile bacteria had no growth during the maintenance period. The amount of mesophilic bacteria at time zero was 2.53 ± 1.53 and then at 6, 12, and 24, it was descending process towards the zero hour. It then gradually increased and maintained at 1.72 ± 0.72 at the Seventy second hour of storage. Sensory evaluation of the fish showed that they had a suitable and acceptable condition for up to 24 hours after storage at the ice. During the maintenance period, the gradual decrease in acceptability was reduced and at 72 hours, most of the sensory analysis indexes obtained lower scores, and samples at that hour were the lowest quality during the maintenance period. Therefore, the use of ice to maintain long-term fish is not an appropriate method.

This study aimed to determine cytological, histopathological and cytomorphometrical characteristics of endometrium in healthy and endometritic uterus in the water buffalo. Fifty eight non-pregnant reproductive systems were collected from slaughterhouse. Efficiency of three methods of sampling including cotton swab, smear, and aspiration were compared for cytologic study. Concurrent histopathologic examination revealed endometritis in 38 uteri including 8 (21.00%) with mild endometritis, 7 (18.42%) with moderate endometritis, 6 (15.90%) with severe endometritis and 17 (44.73%) with chronic endometritis. Cytomorphometrical results showed significant relationship between diameter and area of epithelial nuclei with phases of estrus cycle. Neutrophil and lymphocytes densities in swab and aspiration samples were significantly higher in severe endometritis than normal and chronic endometritis samples. Similarly, lymphocytes density in smear and aspiration methods was significant between normal and moderates, and also severe and chronic endometritis. Cytomorphometric analysis of epithelial nuclei characteristics (diameter and area) in buffalo were performed for the first time and it could be valuable to identify estrus cycle in this species. Aspiration had the most efficiency to identify endometritis in comparison with other methods.

For study of changes in energy metabolism of brain in rainbow trout during early life stages, some samples were collected from fish larvae and fingerlings with initial weight 1.35±0.15 during 7 months. Sample collection was randomly made in 12 stages (7 samples per every 8 days, 3 samples per every 2 weeks and 2 samples every one month). Brain tissue was dissected and transferred to nitrogen tank before analysis. The brain tissues were homogenized and the supernatant was adjusted to measurement of glycogen, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6- phosphatase. Results revealed statistically changes in the metabolites during the sampling, so, glycogen and lactate concentration showed an increasing trend by increasing in fish age, but glucose concentration did not follow this trend. The minimum glucose concentration in brain tissue was observed in seventh stage of sampling. Concentration of metabolism enzymes was showed fluctuations and increasing trend during sampling. Finally, it is proposed that environmental and nutritional factors and different requirement of fish to energy in different stages of life may be effective on metabolites concentrations and metabolism enzymes activity.

This study aims to assay the main protease (pepsin and trypsin) activity and pepsinogen relative gene expression, as well as histological development of digestive tract in Sobaity from hatching up to 40 days post- hatch (DPH). The results showed that exocrine pancreas, including zymogen granules, differentiated during yolk sac absorption and further developed at 14 DPH. The early appearance of trypsin before mouth opening is attributed to a genetically programmed process. The trypsin activity showed fluctuated pattern (with two peaks at 16 and 30 DPH), coincident with food intake, and related to diet shifting during larval feeding. The most obvious differentiation in the digestive tract was the formation of an incipient stomach surrounded by striated muscle fibers and the development of the gastric glands at 12 DPH. The stomach fully developed at 25 DPH with the transition from striated to smooth muscle cells. The pepsinogen relative gene expression was not detectable before 12 DPH and meaningfully detected at 14 DPH. The pepsinogen expression augmented exponentially coinciding with shifting diet from live to microdiet. Pepsin activity trend was considerably parallel to pepsinogen and started two days after pepsinogen, subsequently increased sharply during the weaning period (25-30 DPH) up to the end of the study. The study concluded that the appearance of the incipient stomach at 12 DPH, early pepsinogen expression, and ontogenetic development of pepsin and trypsin, make it possible to feed Sobaity larvae by inert diet before 25 DPH to reduce the live food consumption and improve the weaning efficiency.

An eleven-year-old Doberman-German Shepherd mixed bitch was presented with vulvar enlargement, vaginal discharge, and bleeding for two months and a week before, respectively. The dog was operated for routine ovariohysterectomy. During the surgery, a liquid-filled sac was observed on the ventrolateral border of the right uterine horn. The sac was ligated and excised. The uterine horns and ovaries were stained for histopathological evaluation. Granulosa cell tumor (GCT), adenomyosis (CUA), endometrial cystic hyperplasia (CEH), and uterine serosal inclusion cyst (USC) were diagnosed through histopathology assessment. Following up, 12 weeks after surgery revealed that the patient was in good condition with a good appetite and without any vaginal discharge. It seems the initial problem of the present bitch and the main cause of clinical signs was GCT. Probably, other abnormal conditions including CUA, CEH, and USC occurred as a result of hormonal disturbance associated with GCT. This report described the concurrent occurrence of GCT, CUA, CEH, and USC in a bitch as it has not been reported before.

The quality of life in patients with cancer is affected by cognitive changes after chemotherapy. There are different reports about the effect of cyclophosphamide as a chemotherapy agent on cognitive function. So, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic injections of cyclophosphamide on passive avoidance and novel object recognition memory in an animal model.

In this experimental study, 56 male mice (weighing 30±5g) were investigated in 8 groups, including a control group (saline) and a group that received cyclophosphamide with acute injection (single dose) and two similar groups with chronic injection (4 injections per week for 4 weeks) for passive avoidance test. In the next four groups the novel object recognition test was performed. Cyclophosphamide was injected at 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally and before training. In order to investigate the histopathology of the hippocampal tissue, the brains of the mice were removed after the tests. Data were analyzed applying independent t-test in SPSS.

Acute cyclophosphamide administration had no significant effect on the two types of memory, but in chronic injections, it decreased the passive avoidance memory (P<0.05), while it did not affect cognitive memory. Ischemic changes were observed in neurons CA1 to CA3 (Cornu Ammonis areas) and DG (Dentate Gyrus) hippocampal in chronic cyclophosphamide administration.

Cyclophosphamide was not found to affect all aspects of memory, and the avoidance memory impairment due to its chronic administration seems to be due to neurological damage to the hippocampus.

This study aimed to determine the ulcer-protective effect of Pistacia atlantica extract against the lesions induced by ethanol. Pistacia atlantica has shown different pharmacological effects including antioxidant activity. The experimental model lesions pathogenesis was related to reactive species production. All the experiments were conducted on male Wistar rats (weight: 200 - 250 g), which were randomly divided into seven groups. Different doses of Pistacia atlantica extract were orally administered to the experimental groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Normal saline was orally administered to the ulcer control group (5 mL/kg). In addition, one hour before receiving ethanol (5 mL/kg), the positive control group received ranitidine (50 mg/kg) and the negative control group received normal saline (5 mL/kg). One hour after ethanol application, the animals were anesthetized, the stomachs were removed, and then the number and the length of gastric lesions, as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (as an index of peroxidation) and level of nitric oxide (as an important antioxidant agent), were determined in rat gastric mucosa. In this study, Pistacia atlantica extracts dose-dependently reduced the number of gastric lesions induced by ethanol. Pre-treatment with Pistacia atlantica extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly decreased the stomach MDA level and increased the stomach NO level. Based on the results, Pistacia atlantica extract can be effective in the prevention of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats.

Gallic acid (GA) is a highly effective antioxidant, which its beneficial effects are well known, but its impact on expression of microRNAs (miRs) following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is not well recognized. Therefore, the current research was designed to specify the beneficial effect of GA on miRs (122 and 34a), liver functional tests, and histopathological alterations beyond I/R-induced hepatic injury. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups (8 per group) including: sham-operated (S), I/R, and GA+I/R pretreated groups. Rats in sham-operated group received physiologic saline (N/S, 2 ml/kg), on a weekly basis, once a day via intraperitoneally route), then a midline abdominal surgery was performed. IR, and GA+IR pretreated groups received physiologic saline (2 ml/kg), and GA (50, and 100 mg per kg) for same time, IP, respectively, before induction of transient ischemia. One hour after reperfusion, biochemical, and histopathological evaluations were performed and expression of miRs were evaluated. The results showed that GA reduced the concentrations of liver enzymes, miR-122, and miR-34a in serum, and preserved liver cells changes induced by I/R injury. These findings showed that GA has beneficial effect on liver damage induced by I/R. Therefore, it is suggested that GA can be administered as an anti-miR before elective hepatic surgeries for prevention of this complication.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of many avian species, mainly chickens and turkeys, with a devastating impact on worldwide poultry production. The ND accounts for heavy losses in Iranian poultry flocks. There are some reports regarding the epidemiology of this infection in Iran. This study was performed to investigate the infection of turkeys with a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from a broiler chicken flock in southwestern Iran during 2013. For the purpose of the study, 70 day-old Wishard bronze poults were allocated into two groups of control (n=25) and infected (n=45). At 32 days of age, each bird in the infected group was inoculated with 0.1 mL (50 μL per eye) of NDV-infected allantoic fluid through an ocular route and received 105 EID50 of viral inoculum. On the other hand, the birds in the control group were inoculated with phosphate buffered saline by the same route. Swab samples were taken from both groups at different time points, namely from 1 to 21 days postinoculation, and verified for NDV infection by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Both groups were also examined serologically by haemagglutination inhibition test. Clinically, the infected turkeys exhibited anorexia, severe depression, sitting on the hock joint, white to greenish (sometimes bloody) diarrhea, neurological disorders, and mild respiratory problems. Out of 45 inoculated birds, 9 (20%) cases died. Based on RT-PCR, virus shedding was observed in the challenged birds 3-8 days postinoculation. The NDV was detected more in tracheal swabs (50%) than in cloacal swabs (12.5%). The infected birds showed a high seroconversion. Therefore, the NDV circulating in Iranian chicken flocks has the potential to cause a serious illness in commercial turkeys. The vaccination of turkeys, as well as biosecurity, should be considered carefully to prevent the ND outbreaks in the future.

In this study, the bone regeneration ability of polyacrylamide hydrogel and nanohydroxyapatite scaffolds (PAAH/NHA) and stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ADSCs) in the healing of critical sized bone defects in rabbit radius were assessed.
Animals and procedures: 12 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 3 groups. The rabbits were anesthetized and 15 mm bone defects were created on the radius. According to the group, scaffold with or without ADSCs were implanted into the defects. These groups were as follows: A (control group, bone defect without any treatment), B (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds in the bone defect) and C (embedding of PAAH/NHA scaffolds with stem cells derived from adipose tissue in the bone defect). The animals were euthanized 12 weeks after surgery and histopathologic evaluation were carried out.
Result and microscopic examination revealed significant increase in new bone formation in group C than B. The results of this study showed that the use of stem cells derived from adipose tissue implanted on PAAH/NHA scaffold can stimulate osteogenesis.