فهرست مطالب aram sharifi-zagheh

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb of the umbel family and is belonged from North Africa to south-western of Asia. Coriander is one of the important medicinal plant that used in the pharmaceutical industry and it mainly cultivated and widely distributed for the fruits. The dried fruits are widely employed as a condiment, especially for flavoring of sauces, meat products and bakery and confectionery items. Also, coriander fruits are as a source of essential oils and fatty oil. Water deficit stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water is a major component of the fresh produce and significantly effects on weight and quality of plants. Also, water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils in aromatic and medicine plants. So that, was reported that water deficit increased essential oil percentage in coriander but decreased essential oil yield. Iran with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm is included among arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Of the million hectares of cultivated region, only five millions are under irrigation because of intense water limitations. However, Iran is one of the world’s commercial coriander producers. Coriander has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Iran. Therefore, development of drought-tolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important in coriander. The objective of this study was evaluation general combination ability of endemic coriander genotypes for fruit yield, yield components and essential oil content under different watering regimes.

F14 half sib families including TN-59-10, TN-59-36, TN-59-80, TN-59-158, TN-59-160, TN-59-164, TN-59-230, TN-59-306, TN-59-347, TN-59-353, TN-59-357, TN-59-422, TN-59-450 and commercial genotype were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each experiment during growing season of 2016 in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University. Plants were treated with different levels of water treatment: well watered (WW), moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS).

Results of data analysis revealed that total chlorophyll (86.32%), fruit yield (98.56%) and essential oil content (48.85%) exhibited the most phenotypic coefficients of variation in non-stress, moderate stress and severe stress conditions, respectively. Also, the most genotypic coefficients of variation in non-stress, moderate stress and severe stress estimated for essential oil content (79.86%), fruit yield (43.76%) and essential oil content (45.5%) respectively. Results of cluster analysis using general combining ability (GCA) data revealed that F8, F9, F10 and F14 are suitable for synthetic variety production to cultivate in full irrigated condition because these genotypes had high GCA for fruit yield and its component. F1, F7 and F11 are suitable to produce high fruit and essential oil yielding variety in moderate drought stress. Also, F6, F7, F11, F13 and F14 suggested as donor for fruit yield and F1, F3, F7, F9 and F12 for essential oil content in severe drought stress.

Generally, the results indicated that that F8, F9, F10 and F14 are suitable for synthetic variety production to cultivate in full irrigated condition because these genotypes had high GCA for fruit yield and its component. F1, F7 and F11 are suitable to produce high fruit and essential oil yielding variety in moderate drought stress. Also, F6, F7, F11, F13 and F14 suggested as donor for fruit yield and F1, F3, F7, F9 and F12 for essential oil content in severe drought stress.

Coriander is an annual herb of the umbel family and is belonged from North Africa to south-western of Asia. Coriander is one of the important medicinal plant that used in the pharmaceutical industry and it mainly cultivated and widely distributed for the fruits. The dried fruits are widely employed as a condiment, especially for flavoring of sauces, meat products and bakery and confectionery items. Also, coriander fruits are as a source of essential oils and fatty oil. Water deficit stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of plants in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Water is a major component of the fresh produce and significantly effects on weight and quality of plants. Also, water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils in aromatic and medicine plants. So that, was reported that water deficit increased essential oil percentage in coriander but decreased essential oil yield. Iran with an average annual rainfall of 240 mm is included among arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Of the million hectares of cultivated region, only five millions are under irrigation because of intense water limitations. However, Iran is one of the world’s commercial coriander producers. Coriander has been cultivated for many years in different parts of Iran. Therefore, development of drought-tolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important in coriander. This research was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of drought stress on morphological, physiological and phytochemical characteristics of endemic coriander genotypes.

F2 generations derived from half-diallel crosses of six endemic coriander genotypes including Isfahan, Hamedan, Bushehr, Mazandaran, Markazi and Alborz, together with their parents were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications in each experiment during growing season of 2016 in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University. Plants were treated with different levels of water treatment: well watered (WW), moderate water stress (MWS) and severe water stress (SWS). Data were collected on fruit yield, essential oil content and essential oil yield. GGE biplot statistical method (genotype effect + genotype × environment interaction) was used to study stability of genotypes in the studied environments.

Results of Combined analysis of variance indicated that the effects of environments, genotypes and genotype × environment interaction were significant, suggesting that the genotypes responded differently in the studied environment conditions. So, there was the possibility of stability analysis. Results of stability analysis using GGE biplot method indicated that the two first and second principal components of the GGE biplot explained 96.4% of the total essential oil yield variation. Based on a hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotype G17 was better than the other genotypes across environments for essential oil yield and stability and had the high general adaptation in all environments. . Furthermore, the genotype G9 at E1 environment and genotype G18 in E2 and E3 environments were superior genotypes with the high specific adaptation. Too, the results showed that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. The moderate stress environment was the nearest environment to ideal environment that had the highest discriminating ability and representativeness.

Generally, the results indicated that all environments had high discriminating ability so that could able to show differences between genotypes. Also, the genotype as stable and drought tolerant genotype can be considered as donor parent which contains drought tolerance genes and could be used to improve coriander high essential oil yield in drought condition.

Development of drought-tolerant cultivars with high essential oil yield is important for production of medicinal plants. So far application of half-sib mating has not been used in the coriander breeding for high essential oil yield and drought tolerance. In this study, 14 half-sib families of coriander derived from poly-cross design were evaluated under three irrigation treatments including: well water, mild water deficit stress and intense water deficit stress. In each environment, the half-sib families were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Six drought-tolerance indices, including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), harmonic mean (HM), stress tolerance (TOL) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were calculated based on essential oil yield under non-stress (YP), mild stress (YM) and intense stress (YS). The results of correlation coefficients and biplot analysis revealed that STI, GMP, MP and HM indices could be effectively used for screening of drought tolerant genotypes of the coriander. Selection by these indices can be useful to identify a genotype with desirable essential oil yield in both non-stress and stress conditions. According to the results of three-dimensional graphs and view of biplot, half-sib families’ No. 6, 7 and 14 under mild stress and half-sib families’ No. 6, 7 and 12 under intense stress were selected as drought tolerant, and with high essential oil yield under non-stress and stress conditions. Therefore, these half-sib families can be used as a source of elite parents for synthetic cultivars in the coriander.