فهرست مطالب asghar kazemzadeh

Covid-19 is an infectious disease with a very high contagion in the society that its management and control is still considered a challenge for the health systems. Severe respiratory infections with corona various (COVID 19) complications such as hypoxia, lymphopenia, shortness of breath and heart disorders are among the manifestations of this disease. Fatigue, reduced lung function, reduced cardio-respiratory capacity, psychological problems such as depression and stress, reduced quality of life, and movement disorder are some of the permanent post-acute problems of people who have recovered from the corona virus. Due to the novelty of the corona virus, there is not much consistent evidence that rehabilitation training are effective in improving the physical condition, pulmonary and mental function in post-coronavirus patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pulmonary rehabilitation training on pulmonary function, arterial oxygen, stress, depression and quality of life in post-covid patients.

Forty two patients (22 men and 20 women) with moderate to severe consequences of the covid-19 disease in the age range of 45-70 years were admitted to comprehensive 8-week outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme and divided into two groups of training and control. The trining protocol included eight weeks of aerobic, mental and breathing exercises (three days a week, 80 minutes per session) under the supervision and monitoring of arterial oxygen EKG. Pulmonary function measurement (PFT), Corona Stress Standard Questionnaire (CSS-18), depression intensity (Beck Depression Questionnaire), and quality of life (SF-36 questionnaire) were assessed befor and after the pulmonary rehabilitation program. Independent t-test was used to compare the data between control and training groups.

The oxygen support in patients with pulmonary rehabilitation was significantly reduced (p<0.001). In addition, the level of oxygen saturation in arterial blood (SaO2%) was significantly improved in the pulmonary rehabilitation group compared to the control both at rest, during exercise and physical activity (p<0.001). The pulmonary function indices (FVC, FEV1), and quality of life significantly (p<0.001) improved in rehabilitation group, whereas the level of stress (p<0.05) and depression (p<0.01) showed significant decreases compared to the control group.

Considering the multifaceted involvement of corona disease and its numerous complications, it seems that compehensive pulmonary rehabilitation training could be effective in post-covid patients through improving the performance, oxygenation of the pulmonary system, and quality of life, as well as reducing the stress and depression which total improve the functional and cognitive abilities.

Patients undergoing bronchoscopy often suffer from pain, coughing, and suffocation. Therefore, lidocaine is prescribed through various methods to induce local anesthesia. This study aimed to compare nebulized lidocaine and intratracheally injected lidocaine in pain and cough reduction during bronchoscopy.

This clinical trial was performed on 96 patients, divided into two groups of intervention (receiving lidocaine via a nebulizer before bronchoscopy) and control (receiving lidocaine through the working channel of bronchoscope). Then, the patients᾽ cough frequency was recorded during the procedure, and the pain level was measured using a numerical rating scale at the end of the procedure. The data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 16) using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Moreover, the linear and Poisson regression tests were applied to analyze the main variables in this study.

There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding demographic characteristics (P>0.05). Moreover, the linear regression test revealed that the intervention (nebulized lidocaine) group had significantly lower pain scores (1.54±0.08) than the control (intratracheally injected lidocaine) group (2.5±0.26) (P=0.013). In addition, the Poisson regression test showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention (35.22±2.93) and control (48.85±5.96) groups in terms of cough frequency (P<0.0001).

This study indicated that nebulized lidocaine has higher efficacy in reducing the patients᾽ pain and cough during bronchoscopy than intratracheally injected lidocaine.

In this research, pure Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) nanostructures were synthesized through a two-step process by using chloride precursors in a solution of water–ethanol electrolyte with specific ratio. Also, the effect of cationic surfactant CTAB, on the size and the morphology of the prepared nanostructures were investigated. For the synthesis of YAG, a layer of hydroxide film was deposited on the surface of cathode via cathodic electrodeposition method and then, it was transformed to the final oxide product in the course of a thermal operation. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was used for characterization of phase and crystal structure of prepared materials and also Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR) was used for characterization of absorption bonds. Thermal behavior of deposited hydroxide during the thermal operation was studied by Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA) technique. The morphology and particle size of obtained powder was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results of our studies showed that the cathodic electrodeposition method is a practical and very efficient method for preparation of YAG nanostructures and addition of a cationic surfactant like CTAB into the electrolyte during the electrochemical deposition can lead to the formation of smaller particles and also has an impressive effect on the homogeneity and narrower particles size distribution.

Abstract     In this research work, electrospun TiO2/PVP nanofibers were prepared by using two different collectors, i.e., flat stationary plate and rotating drum. The effects of these collectors in conjunction with polymer concentration in TIP/PVP sol solutions (i.e., 3, 5, and 7 wt. %) were investigated on morphologies of the as-spun TiO2/PVP composite nanofibers. SEM micrographs were used for determination of the average  nanofiber diameters and their standard deviations (SDs). Rotating speed of the collecting drum was set at 500 rpm for all samples prepared by it, while other electrospinning parameters (i.e., applied voltage, flow rate, tip-to-collector distance, and needle gage) were the same for the counterpart samples prepared from each of sol solutions by two types of collectors, throughout the experiment. It was observed that TiO2/PVP nanofibers electrospun by rotating drum have average diameters and SD of 144 ± 58 nm (from sol solution with 3 wt. % PVP at applied voltage of 10 kV) and 122 ± 71 nm (from sol solution with 5 wt. % PVP at applied voltage of 15 kV). These magnitudes were pretty much lower than the average diameters of TiO2/PVP nanofiber prepared by a flat stationary plate. The average diameters of TiO2/PVP nanofiber prepared by flat stationary plate and rotating drum were 258 ± 122 and 292 ± 135 nm, respectively when polymer concentration in TIP/PVP sol solution increased to 7 wt. %. It is clearly shown that by increasing polymer concentration in electrospinning solution, the average diameter of the electrospun TiO2/PVP nanofibers increased, afterward. Therefore, rotational speed of collecting drum should be increased rationally if there is a need for preparation of finer electrospun nanofibers.

In this study, PMMA-SiO2 transparent superhydrophilic nanocomposite film was applied by immersion method on glass substrate. Then the samples were annealed at 100 and 500 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy disspersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscope (AFM), UV-VIS spectrometer, and water contact angle analyserwere used to studythe morphology, elements percentage, surface roughness, and optical and hydrophilic properties of nanocomposites. The coating transmission spectra showed that the transparency of the glass substrate did not decrease with PMMA-SiO2 nanocomposite film and remained unchanged. In addition, the wettability results for the annealed samples at 500 °C showed a decrease in the contact angle of the substrate from about 34.1° to about 0°.

Having sufficient and accurate understanding about kinetics of phenomena, could be an important reason for further technological progresses. Finding a white-box mathematical model for weight vs. time curves of Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) using large and small signal analysis has been studied thoroughly in the present investigation. Weight-Time curves of nano-Mullite suspension have been trained using Simulink modeling tool. Results of the investigation illustrate that, the frequency of particles i.e. the probability of particles for collision to another ones, is decreased due to reduction of the concentration of particles in suspension. When the solid load becomes higher close to the electrode surface, the mobility of individual particle will be restricted and a collective pressure onto the particles closer to the electrode surface is supposed to develop. The accumulated particles will be forced to flocculate and form a solid packing structure. According to results of modeling, times before flocculation is suitable for deposition of highly dense coating.

A new low cost vanadium sensor developed by immobilizing a direct indicator dye to porous and transparent acetylcellulose film. This sensor was fabricated by binding gallocyanine to a cellulose acetate film that had previously been subjected to an exhaustive base hydrolysis for 24h and increase the porosity of the membrane. The cellulose membrane were immediately treated with mixture of 1.00 % (W/V) thiorea and 0.70% (W/V) poly (vinyl alcohol) solution for 48 h at 25C. The cellulose membrane were separately treated with 0.1% (W/V) solution of gallocyanine at 25 C with magnetic stirring of the solution for 14h. After washing¡ the films were dried at 45 C for 20 min. Then the membrane have good durability (> 6 months)¡ a short response time (

In this paper, SnO2/ZnO core - shell nanocomposites were synthesized via sonochemical processing. To achieve this, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by ultrasonic method. In the next stage, the core-shell nanocomposites in the presence of ZnO particles (prepared in the previous step) and adding precursor SnCl4.5H2O was prepared by ultrasonic. After synthesizing the nanocomposites, their properties were studied by XRD, TG-DTA and TEM analyses. The synthesized SnO2/ZnO core - shell nanocomposites have amorphous structure that can be changed to crystalline structure after calcination at 650 C for 1 hour. Also, the gas sensing characteristics of SnO2/ZnO core- shell nanocomposite was studied. For evaluating the gas sensing properties, the synthesized particles were prepared by pressing the powder into pills and gas sensing test was performed with respect to the various gases such as methanol, CO, and H2. Due to the unique properties of the core - shell semiconductor particles in the mechanism of charge separation, the gas sensing properties of core - shell particles are higher than those of pure oxides.

In this paper, core - shell nanofibers were synthesized by single stage electrospinning. To achieve on this aim, a coaxial needle was used, and oxides precursor were solved in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution, and injected by separate syringes which connected to one pump. Calcination was done on synthsised core – shell nanofibers. The morphology and microstructure of nanofibers were examined by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The final structure is ZnO as shell and SnO2 as core. The core diameter and the shell thickness nanofiber from TEM image are approximately 45 nm and 25 nm, respectively. The average diameters of as-electrospun and calcined core - shell nanofibers are about 175 and 79 nm, respectively.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) secondary to sulfur mustard exposure, known as mustard lung, is an important late pulmonary complication. The BODE (Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise) index has been established as a valuable tool for determining the adverse consequences of COPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the BODE index in patients with mustard lung. Eighty-two consecutively stable patients with mustard lung with all levels of severity were entered this study. The following parameters were recorded in all patients: standard spirometry, pulse oximetry, health-related quality of life, the BODE index. Additionally, the severity of COPD was determined by GOLD (Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) staging. The correlation of the BODE index with pulmonary parameters was determined. The mean age of the patients was 47.30±7.08 SD years. The mean BODE index was 3.16±2.25 SD. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between the BODE index and oxygen saturation (r=-0.30, p=0.007). Also a statistically significant correlation was found between the BODE index and quality of life (r=0.80, p=0.001). The BODE index was not correlated with age of the patients and duration of disease. The results of this study showed that the BODE index is correlated with important clinical parameters and can be used in clinical practice