فهرست مطالب azam bozorgi

The aim of this study was to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs) for resveratrol (RSV) delivery and assess their effectiveness in inducing autophagy in MDA-MB 231 cells.

In this experimental study, Pure and RSV-loaded Cs NPs (RSV. Cs NPs) were prepared via the ionic gelation method, and their physicochemical properties were characterized using standard techniques, and RSV release was measured in vitro. MDA-MB 231 cells were incubated with RSV, Cs NPs, and RSV. Cs NPs and Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated following the MTT test. Cell viability was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and autophagy was evaluated using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

NP formation was confirmed with the analysis of FTIR spectra. Pure and RSV. Cs NPs had 36.7 and 94.07 nm sizes with 18.3 and 27 mV zeta potentials, respectively. Above 60% of RSV entrapped within NPs was released in an initial burst manner followed by a gradual release till 72 hours. Cs and RSV. Cs NPs restrained cell proliferation at lower concentrations. RSV. Cs NPs showed the highest anticancer effect and stimulated autophagy, indicated by increased Beclin-1 ATG5, ATG7, LC3A, and P62 expression.

RSV. Cs NPs show promising effects in inhibiting invasive breast cancer (BC) cells in vitro by inducing autophagy.

Dental pulp regeneration is fundamental in dentistry and endodontics; however, few in vitro experimental models are available to study its biological process. This study aimed to develop a three-dimensional (3D) culture model of human dental pulp-like tissue mimicking the possible complexity of human pulp tissue. This new and innovative human-like tissue model could be used for testing drugs and materials, particularly those involved in regenerative endodontics.

Vital pulp tissue samples were obtained from human third molars (n=4) immediately after extraction and cultured in a 3D fibrin matrix to create a sustainable ex vivo experimental model. The angiogenesis degrees and the nitric oxide levels were evaluated following the culture of pulp-like tissues in the fibrin matrix for 21 days. The expression of Transforming growth factor- beta (TGF-b1), TGF-b2, TGF-b3, and their relevant receptors, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was evaluated using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.

Pulp tissue angiogenesis was initiated, and completed on days 7 and 21, and pulp-like tissue cells expressed TGF-b1, TGF-b2, TGF-b3, and their relevant receptors, TNF and VEGFA.

This model provided a precise observation of dental pulp angiogenesis at early stages.

Fabricating composite scaffolds with improved physicochemical properties as artificial microenvironments are of great interest in bone tissue engineering. Given advantageous properties of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/gelatin (nHA/Cs/Gel) scaffolds, the present study aimed to synthesize a modified nHA/Cs/Gel biomimetic scaffold with improved features.

Pure and copper (Cu)-substituted nHA was synthesized using the chemical precipitation method under controlled pH and temperature. Pure and Cu-substituted nHA/Cs/Gel scaffolds were fabricated by salt-leaching/freeze-drying method. Physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles and scaffolds were explored using XRD, FTIR, FE-SEM/EDX, and ICP. Besides, scaffold mechanical strength, degradation, porosity, swelling, biomineralization, and cytocompatibility were assessed.

Pure and Cu-substituted nHA were synthesized and characterized with appropriate Cu substitution and improved physical properties. All scaffolds were highly porous (porosity >98%) and Cu incorporation reduced porosity from 99.555 ± 0.394% to 98.69 ± 0.80% while enlarged the pore size to more than100 µm. Cu-substitution improved the scaffold mechanical strength and the best result was observed in nHA.Cu5%/Cs/Gel scaffolds by the compressive strength 88.869 ± 19.574 MPa. Furthermore, 3% and 5% Cu-substituted nHA enhanced the scaffold structural stability and supported osteoblast spread, adhesion, survival, mineralization, and proliferation. Moreover, long-term and sustainable Cu release from scaffolds was observed within 28 days.

Cu-substituted nHA/Cs/Gel scaffolds mimic the porous structure and mechanical strength of cancellous bone, along with prolonged degradation and Cu release, osteoblast attachment, viability, calcium deposition, and proliferation. Taken together, our results indicate the upgraded properties of nHA.Cu5%/Cs/Gel scaffolds for future applications in bone tissue engineering.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide with significant incidence and death rates. Nowadays, researchers hold that tumor formation, failure in therapy, and disease progression are all related to the presence of a small fraction of cancer cells with self-renewal capability known as “breast cancer stem cells” (BCSCs). Therefore, the study of this cancer cell population can be conducive to eradicating the tumor. The objective of the present study was to survey the existence and in vitro isolation of human BCSCs.
An in vitro research study was conducted under controlled laboratory settings to isolate, enrich, and identify breast cancer stem cells. Briefly, fresh breast tumors were carried to the lab immediately after surgery, followed by mechanical and enzymatic digestion (2 mg/ml collagenase I). Then, digested samples were passed through cell strainers (70 and 40 μm), and obtained cell suspension was cultured under the serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors for 21 days. The expression of cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and cluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) surface markers was assessed using immunocytochemistry, and stem cell gene expression was analyzed via RT-PCR.
BCSCs were able to survive in serum-free conditions and form floating spheres in vitro. Cells obtained from mammospheres expressed CD44 as the membranous and cytoplasmic pattern while CD24 expression was negative. Also, octameter-binding transcription factor 4 and SOX2 gene expression was observed in BCSCs.
The presence of stem cells was confirmed in Iranian women BC, and an efficient in vitro mammosphere culture model was used to enrich and propagate BCSCs. In our opinion, this in vitro model could be a suitable method for isolating and enriching BCSCs.

In Persian literature, the archetypical criticism is considered as a modern one. It is founded on the psychoanalytical criticism based on the opinions of the Swiss psychologist, Karl Gustave Young. The main purpose of the present research is to find out and define the implications for proving the archetypes existing in the young adult’s novel “The fairies of Liasend Maris” by Tahereh Eibod. Furthermore, the functions of archetype are illustrated in the secondary level of the text. In this story, many of the symbolic concepts including voyage centrality, the criticality of numbers three and seven, receiving invisible blessings, Mandala and the archetype of ‘’child’’ in archetypical situations, the archetypes are basically regarded as the inheritable capacities and concepts which have been existed in our mass unconsciousness before we become aware of it. They are conventional for all humans regardless of their race and culture. The myths and fairy tales have similar and main motifs in the literature of the world and Iran which are remarked as archetypes. Notably, the archetypical criticism is also called the mythological criticism. The archetypes are sometimes reveals in different natural symbols to reach consciousness and they are reflected in the artists ‘works. The analysis of archetypes in literary texts is actually removing the apparent layer of each text so as to reach the deep structure and the second and invisible layer of that work. Affected by her unconsciousness, Tahereh Eibod has consciously and evidently applied the archetypical symbols in the fairies of Liasend Maris novel. That is why, the novel has not been artificial.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known as the major reason for therapy resistance. Recently, natural herbal compounds are suggested to have a significant role in inhibiting the breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). The aim of this study was to explore the effective natural herbal compounds against BCSCs.This review article was designed based on the BCSCs, mechanisms of therapy resistance and natural herbal compounds effective to inhibit their activity. Therefore, Science direct, PubMed and Scopus databases were explored and related original articles were investigated from 2010 to 2019. BCSCs use different mechanisms including special membrane transporters, anti-apoptotic, pro-survival, and self-renewal- related signaling pathways. Natural herbal compounds could disturb these mechanisms, therefore may inhibit or eradicate the BCSCs. Studies show that a broad range of plants, either as a food or medicine, contain anti-cancer agents that phenolic components and their different derivatives share a large quantity. Natural herbal compounds play a pivotal role in the eradication of BCSCs, through the inhibition of biological activities and induction of apoptosis. Although it is necessary to conduct more clinical investigation.

Stem cells (SCs), known as cells with characteristics such as self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are generally obtained from two sources: Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells (ASCs). SC research is expected to play a pivotal role in future medicine. The aim of the present review was to introduce dental and nondental SCs, examining the general characteristics, in vivo and in vitro differentiation capacities, immunosuppressive properties as well as the application of SCs in dentistry and regenerative medicine.
In October 2015, PubMed, Scopus were searched by experienced researchers with the query "stem cells and dentistry "and a focus on SC and dental journals.
In the field of dentistry, ASCs, isolated from different structures, are divided into different subpopulations: Dental SCs, population of SCs isolated from different components of immature and mature teeth and nondental SCs, and those isolated from oromaxillofacial tissues.
It appears that dental and nondental SCs are popular resources of SCs because of easier accessibility and fewer ethical problems. In addition, they have a high differentiation capacity into different cell lineages. Different studies have introduced dental and nondental SCs as suitable SC sources for SC therapy in dentistry and regenerative medicine.