فهرست مطالب azin mostofi

Nowadays, informal settlements in cities have brought about enormous problems before urban management. Mashhad as a metropolis is no exception to this phenomenon. The increasing urban living costs, migrants’ intake and high population concentration at the outskirts have encountered Mashhad with danger which could further led to complex challenges in the future. The main purpose of this study is to identify the key drivers and formulate future scenarios of informal settlements in Khorasan Razavi province and its capital city Mashhad. Identifying the future situation and compiling the settlement expansion scenarios under the futuristic framework is one of the comprehensive approaches in regional planning. Addressing the factors affecting the future of informal settlements by determining the role of other settlements in the province is an issue that has received less attention in researches. The method is descriptive-analytical where data is collected through questionnaire and analyzed by Mic Mac software. The target research population is 30 people including municipal experts and faculty members of universities. The findings indicate 5 factors: " laws, programs and policies at the national level", "Integrated management of local institutions", "drought and agricultural activities", "unemployment" and "inflation" which are important for the future of informal settlements. The results show that in different scenarios, economic and management factors have the greatest impact on the future of informal settlements in Mashhad and the development of other settlements in the province.

Implementation process of urban development plans depends on many issues like the opinions of stakeholders. Using the opinions of stakeholders plays an important role in the success of urban development plans. The private sector is one groups that plays a significant role in economic issues of planning. A review of previous researches shows that despite emphasizing on the importance of the private sector and conducting many researches in this regard, there is not any research that has explicitly mentioned the role of this group in the implementation of urban development plans. The attempts to create a holistic approach about the role of private sector have already been started. The reviewed articles were selected from the Direct Science database. These articles were written between 1998 and 2019. This study tries to review the studies using content analysis. The total number of the articles explored this study was 1152, which was reviewed to obtain more accurate results. After screening the articles, 14 articles were finally selected for this purpose. The results show that participation constraint capabilities and expectations of private sector have the greatest impact on the implantation of urban development plans. On the other hand, the results indicate the private sector should be considered in several stages of urban development plans such as decision-making and evaluation process.

Children are experts regarding their needs in the city and will become the future urban designers and decision makers. Planners should pay more attention to the process of urban planning. Urban planning for children and adolescents is currently regarded as planning for a majorly unimportant part of the society. The main question posed in the present study is on the effectiveness of contents of educational system courses in student’s understanding of urban affairs and planning concepts. To find a proper answere this question, the Social Studies Textbooks of the fourth, fifth and sixth grades in 2017-18 academic year were examined using content analysis. Content analysis is used for objective and systematic description of the contents of a particular text; here, these contents were analyzed using William Romey’s method. To examine and analyze the data, subjects related to participation were identified by studying Social Studies Textbooks. Accordingly, the most important effective components of participation are knowing the city and its primary parts, and instruction of citizenship rights, the way of participating and communicating with others.  Based on the analytical findings of the study, the most effective educational category for children at the second grade with the highest conflict coefficient was “how to communicate with others”. Furthermore, in association with “citizenship rights instruction” with average level conflict coefficient, cooperative participation can be expected due to its emphasis on attendance at events and presence in public projects. Finally, in the category of “knowing the city and its primary parts” which is related to children’s familiarity with the concept of city and its development process, subjects that should be taught to children are assigning projects to children, actual practices, and participation in design. Nevertheless, this category involves the lowest conflict coefficient and lowest educational system impact.

Principle of balance is one of the most principles in Islamic city. In Islamic thought, principle of balance was considered to respond to proportional and balanced human needs in different realms. The goal of this paper is to study principle of balance in Islamic city. A few studies can be found that be addressed in micro scale. This study is trying to achieve the quality of balance through the land use in adifferent realms of human life. Actually the role of land use to respond to human needs in different realms is not studied. Physiological, mental and spiritual needs are considered as different realms of human life. In this research, we want to shed light on how land use can respond to human needs in different realm of life. In conceptual model of research 6 criteria and 13 sub criteria were considered. Also with same functions in land use, four case studies from different periods of physical development in Mashhad for instance “Sarshhor Bazaar” and “Khosravi street” from Central part of Mashhad, ”Daneshgah street” from middle part of the city and “Rahnamaie street” from Recent developments were chosen. This is a descriptive-analytical research study. The data collection method is survey. Questionnaires were compiled in order to gather information on human needs in different realm of life. Data were analyzed with some statistical methods. The finding in this study showed that in all four case studies, in opinion’s respondents , indicator of mean is level of average in Physiological realm of human needs. Indicator of mean are lower of level of average in mental and spiritual realms of human needs and weakness in these 2 human realms are showed. Also, women considered urban spaces better than men in supplying dimensions of human needs.

This research attempts to shed light on land use impact on activities and pedestrian behavior. Furthermore, this paper aims to analyze the influential factors on urban street livability and vitality in order to provide a favorable basis to improve behavior diversity in urban public space. Daneshjou Street is a case study in this article. This street is located in western Mashhad. Mashhad is the capital of Khorasan_Razavi Province. According to pervious research, all actions undertaken to respond to human needs is considered an activity but behavior is how we do these activities. In this article, the category of Jan Gehl (necessary activities, optional activities, social activities) is used for studying behavior. According to investigation toward land use planning, we can consider frequency of use, the purpose of visits, and functional scales as essential land use properties. All these land use properties have a variety of sub-criteria. The purpose of the visit are a response to secondary needs and primary needs. Land use functional scales have neighborhood scale, regional scales, and district scales. Frequency of use includes once or more visits in a day, once or more visits in a week, once or more visits in a month, once or more visits in a year and visits at uncertain times. In this case study, we determined 5 types of land use:Commercial, Office, Open space (park), Mix-use residential and general service (gas station). This article is trying to answer the following question: "How do different land uses cause different behaviors? It seems that most urban design literature and text books have focused on the effects of different land uses on people‘s activities, and behaviors in urban public space is not studied or only narrowed to pedestrian walkways. This is a qualitative and descriptive analytic research study. The chosen methodology for the study behavior was direct observation and behavior pattern analysis and the methodology for studying land use comprised of observations and questionnaires. The sample size was 138. In Daneshjou Street, there are diverse activities and behaviors; for instance, it was possible to consider Walk to shops, Walk to do something, Transit, Walk to do a job, stand to do something or stand to wait as necessary activities and stroll, sit to eat and drink, sit to read, sit to rest and stand to eat and drink as optional activities. In addition, social activities observed included 2 people or more talking to each other, Cultural events and buying from venders. In Daneshjou Street, Mashhad, the frequency of necessary activities, optional activities and social activities were 29.5%, 33.7% and 36.8%, respectively.. Thus, social activities occurred more frequently than others activities in this case study. Pearson correlation test and chi square test were used for analyzing the information In conclusion, this study proves that land uses with a district functional scale, land uses with more than once a week visit frequency, and land uses responding to secondary needs could provide more variety of pedestrian behaviors in Daneshjou Street.