babak sadeghi

In this study, we have synthesized nano Aluminum Fluoride (nAF) nanoparticles by the sol-gel method and studied the nano-sized morphology of crystals. In the other section, the PVC/NiAl2O3/AlF3 (nPNA) nanocomposite was successfully prepared and characterized by FT-IR, and HRTEM techniques. FTIR peaks of the PVC and nPNA have been shown spherical shape of PVC and also spherical shapes nanoparticles of nPNA loaded on PVC. A solvothermal method has been successfully introduced and applied for catalyst efficiency. This nanocomposite was used for the removal of Congo red dye. For this purpose, the morphology and the structure of crystals have been changed by modification on precursor gel. Meanwhile, precursor gel preparation and the interaction on the nano-sized area have been studied. This study exhibited that PVC/NiAl2O3/AlF3 (nPNA) nanocomposite is an effective catalyst for the synthesis of some organic derivatives. The results show that the as-prepared nanocomposite is an efficient catalyst and that PVC/NiAl2O4/AlF3 nanocomposite can be used in the next-generation of some organic reactions and faster production of various materials.

The legal confrontation with environmental pollution and the many and various losses resulting from it, which endangers human life in the present generation and future generations, requires appropriate and efficient legal enforcement guarantees. Civil Liability, as a branch of legal science, has provided valuable executive guarantees in this field, which has a preventive and compensatory role. The purpose of choosing the topic of this article is to introduce and review and complete the executive guarantees of civil liability caused by environmental pollution in Iran and US law. According to the studies conducted in this research, the executive guarantees of civil liability in US law are more complete than the legal executive guarantees of Iran, because punitive damages, joint and several liability and referendum have been accepted in US law. But even the executive guarantees of US law also have shortcomings that the authors have pointed out, and by theorizing and examining the issues of this area, the authors have created new executive guarantees, such as the cancellation of contracts that pollute the environment and the return of property. It has also presented the results obtained from the polluting activities in order to provide better means of compensation and prevention of the losses caused by environmental pollution.

In this framework study, an attempt was made to synthesize, characterize, and develop some applications of nano AlF3 (nAF) by sol-gel method. Meanwhile, precursor gel preparation and the interaction on the nano-sized area have been studied. By nAF the ZnAl2O3/AlF3 (ZA) nanocomposite has been successfully prepared and Structural, morphological and thermal characterization has been done using by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG-DTG, and HRTEM techniques. This nanocomposite was used for the removal of Congo red dye. For this purpose, the morphology and the structure of crystals has been changed by modification on precursor gel. When precursor gel has been changed from 4 to 9 h, the size of crystals decreased to 15-20 nanometers. The results showed that ZA have been efficiency for photocatalysts in decolorization of Congo red.

Today, the role of probiotics has been confirmed as beneficial microorganisms that play a role in improving health, preventing, and controlling host clinical disorders. According to the World Health Organization, if probiotics are prescribed to the host in sufficient and appropriate amounts, they can be very beneficial for health. In order to transfer the effects of probiotics to the consumer, it is necessary for probiotic microorganisms to be metabolically stable, active in food products, and able to survive in most parts of the digestive tract while also providing their beneficial effects in the host intestine. One major issue in this field is the ability of probiotic cells to survive physical and chemical attacks during their journey through the digestive system to the intestine. Recent advances have focused on improving micro-scale encapsulation techniques in order to achieve high cell viability, resistance to stomach acid, temperature resistance, and longer shelf life. However, these microencapsulation approaches still face limitations and challenges in terms of clinical translation. This present study offers a brief overview of the current progress of various probiotic encapsulation methods, with a particular emphasis on modern and emerging single cell encapsulation strategies that use nanocoatings for individual probiotic cells. Furthermore, the advantages of different nanoencapsulation methods are discussed, and future developments in coated probiotics with advanced properties and health benefits are anticipated.

In the present work, we describe the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using seed aqueous extract of Psidium guajava (PG) and its antibacterial activity. UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectrophotometer (EDAX) were performed to ascertain the formation of Ag-NPs. It was observed that the growths of Ag-NPs are stopped within 35 min of reaction time. The synthesized Ag-NPs were characterized by a peak at 446 nm in the UV–visible spectrum. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles of 10-20 nm size. The XRD peaks at 38◦, 44◦, 64◦ and 77◦ can be indexed to the (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1) Bragg’s reflections of cubic structure of metallic silver, respectively. The FTIR result clearly showed that the extracts containing OH as a functional group act in capping the nanoparticles synthesis. Antibacterial activities of Ag-NPs were tested against the growth of Gram-positive (S. aureus) using SEM. The inhibition was observed in the Ag-NPs against S. aureus. The results suggest that the synthesized Ag-NPs act as an effective antibacterial agent. It is confirmed that Ag-NPs are capable of rendering high antibacterial efficacy and hence has a great potential in the preparation of used drugs against bacterial diseases. The results confirmed that the (PG) is a very good eco friendly and nontoxic source for the synthesis of Ag-NPs as compared to the conventional chemical/physical methods.

The growing various damages caused by environmental pollution, the wide range of victims, the multiplicity of defendants that create pollution on the one hand, and the renewal of domestic law in providing appropriate grounds for imposing civil liability on environmental pollution on defendants and the ineffectiveness of existing temporal environmental statutes in providing apposite ways to prevention and compensation solutions These losses, on the other hand, necessitate the study of the grounds for civil liability arising from environmental pollution in the laws of other countries; This article seeks to study US legal’s doctrine in the field of civil laibility of environmental pollution and usage in legal decision to creating legal convergence to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of this doctrine. According to this study, the US legal’s doctrine despite its shortcomings has been interpreted and empeloyed appositely by judges and lawyers and covered many of the necessities in the field of environmental liability basics.

 Quorum sensing (QS) and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing severe infections in humans. In the present study, the effect of chitosan (CS) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on the expression level of lasI, exoS and toxA genes during lag, exponential-and stationary growth phases of P. aeruginosa were studied.

 CS and ZnO-NPs were synthesized by ionic gelation and ultrasonic methods, respectively. The clinical samples were collected from patients suffering from wound infections from 2018-2019, and preliminary identification of P. aeruginosa has done with the standard biochemical tests and 16S rDNA gene. The virulence genes (lasI, exoS and toxA) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression level of QS and virulence-related genes in samples grown at a medium contain minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CS and ZnO-NPs.

 CS and ZnO-NPs were successfully prepared with average particle sizes of 20 and 40 nm. The prevalence rate of virulence-related genes among all clinical isolates originated from burn patients was as follows; toxA (100%), exoS (88%), and lasI (56%). The MIC value of CS was equal to 0.5 mg/mL, which is 8-fold lower than that for ZnO-NPs (4 mg/mL). qRT-PCR analysis revealed CS and ZnO-NPs decrease the expression of lasI, exoS, and toxA in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates during the exponential phase compared to other growth phases. toxA+/exoS+/lasI+ isolates exhibited similar patterns of gene expression changes in response to both NPs at all growth phases. Expression of toxA gene downregulated at exponential-and stationary growth phases of ATCC27853 treated with CS and ZnO-NPs.

 The results obtained from this study may provide a better understanding of the expression changes of virulence-related genes throughout different growth phases of P. aeruginosa.

Among metal nanoparticles, silver due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity and being profoundly anti-bacterial and inexpensive has more importance in comparison with other metals such as gold and platinum. Many acidophilic bacteria can be effective in regenerating many of the nanoparticles due to their metabolism. Experimental samples were collected from Faraman Dairy Factory in Rasht industrial town in May 2019. After isolation and molecular identification to investigate the possibility of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, isolated microorganisms were cultured in liquid medium NB, LB and MRS to compare their yield. After incubation time for 24 hours, the silver nitrate salt was added separately to supernatant and material that dissolves in liquid. Characteristics of silver nanoparticles produced by Transmission Electron Microscopy, XRD and ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) were investigated. The results gained from the study displayed that the isolated Acetobacter and Pediococcus bacterial strain could produce silver nanoparticles in LB medium. It was also found that the Acetobacter and Pediococcus bacteria could not produce silver nanoparticles in NB and MRS culture media. The study showed that the Acetobacter bacteria in the supernatant phase and the precipitate phase of LB culture medium could produce silver nanoparticles. It was also found that the Acetobacter bacteria could produce silver nanoparticles. Also, the study showed that the Pediococcus bacteria just in the supernatant phase of LB culture medium could produce silver nanoparticles. It was also found that the Pediococcus bacteria could produce silver nanoparticles with sizes of 100 nm and 50 nm.

In this study, a hypothesis is proposed about the possible effect of Earth’s magnetic field (EMF) on the charge structure of thundercloud based on the Lorentz force equation. To prove this hypothesis, a simulation using the 12th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model has been conducted. In this simulation, three scenarios are considered based on updrafts/downdrafts categories of the charge motion to analyze how a change in velocity of hydrometeor could influence the charge structure of a thunderstorm. The results of simulations show that by stronger velocities, the charged hydrometeors will experience higher amounts of magnetic force. In fact, after cloud electrification and creation of individual charged hydrometeors, Earth’s magnetic force could push the separated charges. Therefore, the distance between separated charges will increase more and more, that leads to the collection of the same sign charges in some layers, which are called charge layers of thunderclouds. Consequently, the probability of electric field and lightning initiation will increase. Finally, results indicate that the effect of EMF on charged hydrometeors might be one of the mechanisms of forming thundercloud’s charge structure and lightning initiation.

In this paper, synthesis of Copper Oxide nano rod particles from Copper Oxide microparticles obtained from Gold ore flotation concentrate in Copper Sulfate salt medium under specific temperature, pH and time conditions. Morphology and dispersion using Sodium Tartarate salt as the main reactant was done. The results were confirmed by XRF, XRD, SEM, EDX measurements. The EDX and SEM results show the synthesized and calcined (300-410 ºC, t=50-75 min) Copper nanorods in 1% sodium Tartrate medium, and finally formed particle rods with a size of 54 × 215 nm.

Good sleep quality has positive effects on happiness, and being unhappy is significantly affect adverse cardiac outcomes. This study aimed to study the relationships between sleep quality and satisfaction in male coronary patients.

One hundred male coronary patients that having been referred to Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ). All participants were selected by purposive sampling (aged 37 to 67 years).

There was a significant negative association between happiness with sleep disturbances and the use of sleeping medication in coronary patients.

This study showed that sleep quality in coronary patients has an association with their happiness. Therefore, the quality of sleep in these patients can be given more consideration by community health care providers.

In this work, core SiO2 –shell CuS nanostructures have beendeveloped using a simple wet chemical route. X-ray diffraction analysis XRD, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy DRS, scanning electron microscopy SEM, transmission electron microscopy TEM, EDS and fourier transform infrared FT-IR were used to characterize the products.The morphological studies revealed theuniformity in size distribution with core size of 250 nm andshell thickness of 7.5-17 nm. The structural studies indicate hexagonal structure of covellite CuS shell with no other trace for impurities in the crystalstructure. This CuS layer exhibit the band gap energy of3.1 eV, due to quantum confinement and numerousdefects presence.Photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites was studied for degradation of Methylene Blue MB under visible light. Several parameters were examined, catalyst amount 0.1–1 g L-1, pH 1–13 and initial concentration of MB 0.96–10 ppm. The extent of degradation was estimated from the residual concentration by spectrophotometrically.]]>

Ag/ZnO nanotetrapods (AZNTP) are prepared using silver (I)–bis (oxalato) zinc complex and 1, 3-diaminopropane (DAP) under a phase separation system. This crystal structure and lattice constant of the AZNTP was investigated by means of XRD, TEM, and UV-vis spectrum. AZNTP films with 23 nm in arm diameter and high surface activity work at room temperature as humidity sensors. AZNTP have shown some properties including quick response with high sensitivity, a longer life span and recovery, and no need for heat regeneration. Moreover, AZNTP could form OH group with physisorbed water in wet environments. The results of the present study demonstrated that the growth and characterization of AZNTP for environmental humidity sensing and DAP play an original role in the determination of particle morphology. Ultra-thin AZNTP has also been tested as a resistance sensor, having an unusual high sensitivity to moisture.

Individuals exposed to certain types of images, based on their personality features, experience different emotional states and physiological responses. The present study addressed the effects of stressful and pleasant stimuli on blood pressure and heart rate in male patients with coronary problems and healthy males based on sensation seeking levels.

One hundred and seventy eight male patients with coronary artery diseases referred to Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz, Iran; and 185 healthy male subjects completed the Sensation Seeking Scale-form V (SSS-V). After obtaining acceptable scores, 100 patients and 100 healthy males were classified in four groups: high sensation seeker patients, low sensation seeker patients, high sensation seeker healthy subjects, and low sensation seeker healthy subjects (each group with 50 samples aged 30-49). First, blood pressures and heart rates were recorded before stimulus induction. Then, the participants were exposed to stressor pictures. After 15 minutes of relaxation, and a cognitive task, the participants were exposed to pleasant pictures. The blood pressure and heart rate were recorded after presenting the two stimuli.

High sensation seeker patients achieved lower scores in diastolic blood pressure in comparison with low sensation seeker patients after presenting the stressful stimulus, and healthy high sensation seekers achieved lower scores in systolic blood pressure in comparison with healthy low sensation seekers presented with pleasant stimulus.

Low sensation seeker patients experienced negative emotions more than high sensation seeker patients. Therefore, the role of induced mood states may be important in relation to physical health.

The relationship between psychological factors and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the topics that has occupied the minds of researchers in the field of health psychology. The present research aimed at studying the levels of sensation seeking in coronary patients and healthy subjects.

Two hundred and twenty-three coronary patients and 255 healthy subjects completed the Sensation Seeking Scale-form V (SSS–V). Next, 100 coronary cases (50 males and 50 females) that had referred to Madani Heart Hospital, Tabriz, Iran, and 100 healthy subjects, were compared in terms of levels of sensation-seeking. All participants were selected by purposeful sampling (aged 25 to 64 years). Data were analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) through the SPSS 18 software.

Coronary male patients scored higher than coronary female patients in thrill and adventure seeking and healthy males scored higher than healthy females in boredom susceptibility. Healthy females scored higher than coronary females in thrill and adventure seeking, and in boredom susceptibility subscale, healthy males scored higher than coronary males.

The identification of individuals with sensation seeking features will allow the identification of susceptible coronary patients for preventive procedures.