فهرست مطالب bahram keyvani

Industries pollute the environment by emitting organic substances known as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). One of the outstanding materials utilized to eliminate VOCs is nanoporous graphene. However, graphene's physical and chemical characteristics are influenced by a range of factors, including activation temperature, mass ratio, activation duration, adsorption capacity, N2 adsorption-desorption, and morphology, Among other factors, the porosity of graphene is one of the crucial which has a direct influence on the adsorption capacity. In the current study, the adsorption capacity of graphene was investigated using cyclohexane and n-hexane adsorbents. In addition, the neural network has been employed to predict the adsorption capacity of graphene, and the Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (LM-BP) mechanism was utilized to determine model accuracy. The results show that at an activation temperature of 700°C, and mass ratio of  6, cyclohexane displayed a better performance with an adsorption capacity of 500 mg/g, as a comparison to n-hexane. The model demonstrated a suitable prediction with a  correlation coefficient of 0.99966 (R2) within the range of cyclohexane parameters such as impregnation ratio, activation time, and activation temperature between 3 to 9, 120 to 180 min, and 500 to 700°C  respectively.

In this work, cobalt oxide was primarily recycled from spent lithium- ion battery at optimum condition by using hydro-metallurgical method. Based on the preliminary results from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, there are cobalt oxide 81.89% and nickel oxide 0.11%, as typical nickel compounds in spent lithium- ion batteries. The optimum recycling condition of cobalt oxide from spent battery sample (0.5 g) by leaching is as follow: the use of 18.62 mL (0.607 mole) hydrochloric acid and 2 mL (0.065 mole) hydrogen peroxide at 50°C for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum confirms the recycling of cobalt oxide. In the second step, cobalt oxide was converted into insoluble cobalt carbonate intermediate. Consequently, cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized via liquid phase reaction by using two separate reducing agents; hydrazine or sodium boro-hydrate, while proceeding different routes. The molecular and crystal structures of the prepared cobalt nanoparticles were approved by X-ray diffraction. The morphology of surface and size characterization of nanoparticles by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that spherical shape cobalt nanoparticles with maximum 30 nm and 50 nm diameter were successfully synthesized by using hydrazine and sodium boro-hydrate reducing agents respectively.

Fire Retardant Coating (FRC) components have been studied and optimized in this work. Main components of FRC include; Polyammoniumphosphate, Pentaeritrol and Melamine. The results of thermal analysis indicate that decomposition of main components occur in the 220 to 790 oC temperature range. Thermal reactions of Penta-eritrol starts at lower temperatures followed by melamine undergoing structural changes around 250 oC. Polyammoniumphosphate show no weight reduction below 290ºC. In addition to the main components there is a specific plasticizer in fire retardant formulation to improve properties of the coal layer. Beyond 500 oC only carbon in the form of coal remains.

The optimization of vegetable oil leaching from spent nickel catalyst is reported in this work. Different solvents including; methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), acetone, hexane and toluene were employed. The leaching time in the range 1 to 5 h was studied. The leaching optimization shows that the use of MEK for 3 h provides the best results.
This was followed by the recovery of nickel from spent catalysts in the form of nickel sulfate. In pursue of finding a robust, inexpensive, simple and fast technique for on-line concentration measurement of nickel solution from leaching, the spectrophotometer technique was evaluated. The findings were then validated against titration method using EDTA.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), which measures the heat flow of the sample as a function of temperature, has extensively been used to study the cure kinetics of various thermosetting polymers. For thermal analysis with DSC instrument, standard methods like ASTM E 698 & E 2041 are used in this research. The curing kinetics of FBE was studied by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry technique at different heating rates. A series of physical and chemical experiments have been conducted on variety of samples. These include evaluation of density, size distribution, moisture content and gel time. Accordingly the obtained results were accompanied by instrumental analysis including IR spectra studies on the raw samples. base on the findings, Arrhenius constants are obtained for the final cured products. The results show that to achieve a preferable curing reaction the profile of curing is in fact a function of time and temperature.

Acid Red206 (C40H20CaN4O8S2) is a textile dye with global usage which is found in sewage of textile manufacturing industries in large quantity. In this research the reaction of Acid Red206 (AR206) in photocatalytic analysis was carried out in water with use of Taguchi method, Qualitek-4 software and catalyst suspension ZnFe2O4/Bentonite and UV light radiation. To identify prepared catalyst, SEM image and XRD diffraction pattern were used. Based on Taguchi method the test results displayed the maximum photo catalytic activity. From kinetic view the reaction was first order and study of reaction rate was carried out with the use of first order kinetic equation and Acceptable results were gained in this consideration. The effect of factors in photo catalytic analysis such as pH, the amount of photo catalyst and hydrogen peroxide and temperature of reaction, were examined and the most efficiency in optimum conditions (pH=5, hydrogen peroxide=1ml, nonophotocatalyst=75ppm and temperature=293K) was observed. According to these results, a method was obtained for photo catalytic analysis with the use of ZnFe2O4/Bentonite catalyst and UV light radiation, which by its development in an industrial form; it can be used for analyzing the wastewater in loom or other industries.