فهرست مطالب dr. ali nemati

Nowadays, the fabrication of integrated parts from different materials or composite parts using joining or additive manufacturing techniques is widely investigated. Many studies have focused on bonding oxide ceramics like aluminum oxide to itself and carbide ceramics like silicon carbide to itself. This research examines the bonding mechanisms of two types of ceramics, silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide, using a copper metal layer and the creation of intermediate layers between the metal and ceramic layers composed of raw materials in the ceramic phase. The spinel structure for the interface of copper and aluminum oxide and the Cu-SiC mechanical alloy composite for the interphase of copper and silicon carbide have been investigated, with both layer thicknesses being less than 1 micrometer. The solid-state diffusion process is used to connect the parts in this research. The structure, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the manufactured samples have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and bending tests. According to the results, the flexural strength in the interphase is 190 N/mm², which has significantly increased compared to previous research. Finally, it can be concluded that applying the appropriate intermediate layers results in a well-established connection.

Risk contagion between financial assets indicates the process of transferring information between markets. In this research, in order to manage the risk of investors in the capital market, hedging the risk of stock prices with gold during the outbreak of the Corona disease has been investigated. For this purpose, DCC and ADCC models were used. The data used are the price of Bahar Azadi coin and the company's stock price on a monthly basis during the period of 2017 to 2018. The results show that there is an asymmetric correlation during the research period between the price of Bahar Azadi coin and the stock price of selected companies of the chemical and basic metals group, and the optimal risk coverage ratios have increased significantly in all companies during the Corona period, which means that the cost of coverage It has a higher risk during the Corona period. Also, the findings of the research show that before Corona and during the Corona crisis, the highest risk hedging efficiency is related to Fakhas company, which shows that Fakhas has the highest efficiency in using gold for risk hedging among different companies. The lowest value before Corona and during the Corona crisis is related to the Shiran symbol. This case shows that Sheeran's symbol is the least efficient in using gold to cover risk among different companies. The results of this research provide an opportunity for investors to optimally use risk hedging and asset allocation strategies.

In drug delivery, the formation of cyclodextrin complexes is a widely used strategy to overcome biopharmaceutical challenges associated with various active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as poor water solubility, initial instability, and low bioavailability. Given the anti-cancer properties of thymol, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of thymol-loaded nanoparticles in a beta-cyclodextrin complex and to assess their anti-cancer effects in melanoma skin cancer cells (A2058) by examining the expression of the VEGF and VEGFR genes.

The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various methods, including zeta potential analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To determine the cytotoxicity of the synthesized nanocomplex, the MTT assay was performed with β-CD-Thymol nanoparticle concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 500 μg/ml. The Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the synthesized β-CD-Thymol nanoparticles in the context of angiogenesis. Finally, the expression levels of genes involved in angiogenesis (VEGF and VEGFR) were analyzed using real-time PCR.

Dynamic light scattering analysis revealed that the mean size of the nanoparticles was 116.20 nm, with a zeta potential of -21.64 mV. FTIR studies indicated the presence of several biologically active functional groups in the synthesized nanoparticles. Additionally, the anti-cancer effects and inhibitory role of the β-CD-Thymol complex were confirmed by a significant reduction in the expression of angiogenesis-related genes (VEGF and VEGFR) in A2058 cells treated with the β-CD-Thymol nanoparticle complex (P < 0.001). The results from the CAM assay further supported these findings.

The findings of this study demonstrated a significant decrease in the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, specifically VEGF and VEGFR, indicating that the β-CD-Thymol complex effectively inhibits angiogenesis in the A2058 skin cancer cell line. Overall, in addition to inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels, the β-CD-Thymol nanostructure shows promise as an anti-angiogenic agent by modulating the expression of VEGF and VEGFR genes.

The ever-increasing development of information technology is moving at an increasing speed. In this regard, in order to meet the need for quick, effective and quality access to information on all aspects of the operations of today's organizations. It has an impact on the accounting and management information systems of organizations. Therefore, auditors of modern systems also benefit from the results of this technology to improve effectiveness and efficiency.  Regarding, information technology is a key element in eliminating time and place limitations and providing better and faster access to updated information by auditors. Therefore, this research tries to present the optimal and practical model of information technology in auditing with a pragmatic approach The method used in this research is field, factor and data collection analysis. According to the mentioned case, the statistical community includes people active in the auditing profession. In this field, a questionnaire was prepared and completed in 1402 (S.H). In order to implement the combined method of this research, first, using the multifaceted grounded theory method, using interviews and searching in previous researches, the research variables were identified and the influential factors were finalized using the Lauche index. The research questions were analyzed using factor analysis and the optimal model was prepared and presented. At last, the results showed that the identification of the main stakeholders inside and outside the organization, governance structure, reporting and audit organizational position, accountability and performance management, factors related to human resource management, factors related to programs and policies of audit professional performance, gaining knowledge of controls. The interior of the owner, the audit objectives, the audit process related to transactions, content tests, parallel simulation, monitoring and reporting the results, have an impact on the optimal and applied model of information technology in auditing with a pragmatic approach.

Several prominent bacterial species known to induce diarrhea in human hosts encompass Escherichia coli, Escherichia albertii, Escherichia fergusonii, and various Shigella spp. Given that these organisms contribute to the burden of food-borne illness, it is essential to rapidly and correctly identify them in a clinical laboratory or food microbiology unit to prevent their transmission and spread. These pathogens are often mistakenly identified because of their genetic and phenotypic similarities. Phenotypic tests are not highly discriminatory and are time-consuming. Whole-genome sequencing is expensive and unavailable in most clinical laboratories.

To simplify their rapid detection, we improved an available multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting three species-specific primers, including Eco (the main target for E. coli identification), Ealb (specific for E. albertii), and Efer (specific for E. fergusonii), by adding ipaH and lacY to additionally discriminate between the highly similar Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) organisms. Primers were tested on 65 defined isolates, including E. coli (n=29), Shigella spp. (n=26), E. fergusonii (n=1), E. albertii (n=1), and other Enterobacterales (n=8).

All examined E. coli yielded two amplicons of the expected size (Eco and lacY), except for EIEC, which had three bands (Eco, lacY, and ipaH). All Shigella spp. yielded two amplicons (Eco and ipaH). E. fergusonii had only one band (Efer), and E. albertii also yielded one band (Ealb). Other Enterobacterales that were tested for validation did not demonstrate a product, except for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca (both lacY).

The assay was shown to be a way forward for rapid, specific, and cost-effective primary discrimination of these important or emerging enteropathogens that can be used in clinical and research laboratories.

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the technical efficiency of listed companies in the pharmaceutical industry in 2021. To achive this, the additive model of two-stage network data envelopment analysis was investigated with semi-positive and negative indicators and simultaneously considering the production process(Fundamental Analysis) in the first stage and the financial production process (Technical Analysis) in the second stage. In addition, FAHP applied to determine the weights of the first and second stages. The results showed: the production process is more important in defining the total efficiency of a company in the Stock Exchange. In the first stage, %33 and in the second stage, %25 of the pharmaceutical industry companies achieved full efficiency of one. According to the efficiency one of %13 companies of the studied industry in both first and second stages, the efficiency of the mentioned companies was also full and found to be one; These companies include Toliddaru, Exir Pharmaceutical and Loghman Pharmaceutical & Hygienic Companies. The lowest total efficiency belongs to Sobhan Pharmaceutical Group. In general, 88% companies of the studied industry have an efficiency higher than 0.5.

Multiple myeloma is a progressive and high mortality neoplasm, and the prevalence increases with aging. The main treatment for new cases aged less than 65 years is high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation. This study aims to determine the five-year survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 97 patients with multiple myeloma who underwent bone marrow transplantation between 2011 and 2016 were investigated. Then, information related to gender, age at the time of transplantation, the time interval between diagnosis and transplantation, cases of death and, date of death of the studied patients were collected, and the survival of the patients from the date of diagnosis to the endof the study period (five years) was calculated. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional and chi-square tests.

Five-year survival of patients was 59.8%. The median overall survival of patients was 54.22 months, which shows that age (p value = 0.003), gender (p value = 0.591), and the time delay between diagnosis and bone marrow transplantation (p value = 0.005) all affect patient survival. There was a significant relationship between the patient's age and the time interval between diagnosis andtransplantation with the five-year survival of the patients.

As a result, bone marrow transplantation provides a higher survival rate. Also, the effect of the patient‘s age and time interval between diagnosis and transplantation, early diagnosis of the disease and, earlier bone marrow transplantation can bring longer survival for patients

Angiogenesis is seen in active pulmonary tuberculosis. One of the factors involved in angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Therefore, the aim of this case-control study is to investigate and compare the level of VEGF as a possible factor involved in angiogenesis in active pulmonary tuberculosis

The present case-control study enrolled 90 patients hospitalized in Boo-ali Hospital in Zahedan (45 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 45 non-tuberculosis patients). In this study, census sampling method was used and VEGF level was measured by ELISA method. Data was analyzed in SPSS22 at a significance level of 0.05.

The mean age was 43.29±18.6 years in the case group and 37.93±16.2 years in the control group, and the majority of patients in both groups were women. The serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor was increased in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (334.36±90.6) compared to the control group (192.96±48.8). There was a significant difference in the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between smoking or gender and VEGF serum level.

Considering that the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis increased significantly compared to the control group, this increase can indicate active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Transparent conductive oxides have recently been used in solar cells. Hence, transparent conductive oxide, especially SnO2:F (FTO) is considered promising by researchers for solar cell applications due to its inexpensive and efficiency. In the current research, a sol-gel combustion technique was used to prepare fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO) powder. Stannous chloride pentahydrate, ammonium fluoride, and citric acid as fuel were used with various ratios of fuel to salt and different pH values. The structure, morphology, and composition of the synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the average particle size increased from 125 nm to 300 nm with morphological transformation as the pH value increased from 1 to 6, respectively and the average particle size decreased from 125 nm to 50 nm with round morphology as the fuel to salt ratio decreased from 2 to 1. The presence of fluorine additive in the optimal sample with 50 nm particle size was determined by XPS and it can be a suitable candidate for use in solar cells.

Investors Sentiment about the future of capital markets can play an effective role on the market price trend and stock return and refer to the views of investors about the future of the capital market. This paper investigates the threshold effects of Investors Sentiment on stock return of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange for the period of 15 Years (2005-2019), with construct Investors’ Sentimen index, using Panel Smooth Transition Regression (PSTR) model. The linearity test results indicate strongly nonlinear relationship among variables under consideration. Moreover, considering one transition function and one threshold parameter, as a two regime model, is sufficient to specification of nonlinear and threshold relationship among variables.The results indicate that threshold value for this firms is 71.34 and the estimated slope parameter is 0.32. The findings of this study indicate that in the first regime, investor sentiment effect is positively activated, increasing stock returns; however when their overconfidence sentiment exceeds some threshold, this effect becomes inverse in the secend regime for a high threshold level of market confidence and investor over-optimism.

The present study reported the first serotyping (O:H typing) data documented in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains of animal origin in Iran in isolates recovered between 2008 to 2016. A total number of 75 STEC strains previously isolated from fecal samples of cattle, sheep, goats, pigeons, humans, and deer were assessed by different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays detecting the major virulence genes of STEC and phylogroups. Then, the strains were tested for the 16 important O-groups by PCR. Finally, twenty strains were selected for H-genotyping by PCR plus sequencing. The predominant serogroup was O113 which was detected in nine isolates (five cattle, 55.50%; two goats, 22.20%; two red deer, 22.20%) followed by O26 (3/3, 100%) in cattle, O111 (3/3, 100%) in cattle, O5 (3/3, 100%) in sheep, O63 (1/1, 100%) in pigeon, O75 (2/2, 100%) in pigeons, and O128 in goats (2/3, 66.60%) and pigeon (1/3, 33.30%). The most important recognized serotypes were O113:H21 in cattle (2/3) and goat (1/3), O113:H4 in red deer (1/1), O111:H8 in calves (2/2), O26:H11 in calve (1/1), O128:H2 in goats (2/3) and pigeon (1/3), and O5:H19 in sheep (3/3). One cattle strain carrying stx1, stx2, eae, and Ehly genes belonged to O26:H29 serotype. Most strains with determined O-groups were from the bovine source that highlighted the importance of cattle as reservoirs of potentially pathogenic serovars. The present study suggested that the top seven non-O157 serogroups should be assessed along with O157 in all future research and clinical diagnostics of STEC in Iran.

There has been a significant rise in the scientific, technological, ecological, economic, and social popularity of applications of by-products or waste materials in various industries including the agricultural sector. A by-product of rice4 milling is Rice Husk (RH), which, when burned, produces Rice Husk Ash (RHA). RHA is considered an economically viable raw material used for developing silica-based products since it contains a significant amount of amorphous silica (between 85 and 95 percent). The current research aims to create a green process for producing silica powders from RHA, an inexpensive source rich in biocompatible silica. High-purity silica was successfully generated from RHA through alkaline extraction using the reflux technique and subsequent acidification. For this purpose, RH was burned in an electric furnace for five hours to create RHA at 700 °C. The obtained ash was washed with hydrochloric acid to eliminate the metallic impurities. The sodium silicate solution was then obtained by refluxing the acid-washed RHA in a NaOH solution. The final step was to precipitate silica from sodium silicate solution by adding hydrochloric acid to decrease the pH by 4. Characterizations made in general are Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) for identifying the mineral contents of RHA, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Simple, efficient, environmentally-friendly, and ideal for mass production are all attributes of the synthetic process.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer inwomen, with different survival rates depending on the patients’ characteristics.

This study aimed to evaluate breast cancer patients’ characteristics and survival rates in the southeast of Iran.

The recorded data of breast cancer patients treated were collected from 2004 to 2020 in the Radiation Oncology Department of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare OS based on various factors. Three modeling strategies were considered to examine the patients’ survival using multiple Cox regression models.

The study included 309 patients who met the inclusion criteria; 153 (49.5%) were under 51 years of age. Luminal A intrinsic subtype accounted for 18.8% of cancer patients. Five-and10-yearOSrates were 86% and63%, respectively. Five-and10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates for nonmetastatic patients were 82% and 60%, respectively. Multiple Cox regression showed that the percentage of the involved dissected lymph nodes, group stage, T-stage, M-stage, locoregional recurrence, and luminal subtype were independent prognostic factors for survival.

Based on the results, the percentage of breast cancer patients under 50 years old is higher in the southeast of Iran compared to Western countries. In addition, the prevalence of the luminal A subtype is lower than in other regions. The survival results were consistent with other studies.

In this study, novel magnetically separable NiFe2O4@ZnO:Ti nanospheres were synthesized using the heterogeneous nucleation of ZnO:Ti (Ti-doped ZnO) nanoparticles on NiFe2O4 polycrystalline nanospheres through the hydrothermal method. Structural and microstructural properties of the synthesized polycrystalline nanospheres were investigated through Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) using an Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The effect of calcination on the magnetic and optical properties was also studied. The optical features of the synthesized nanoparticles were recorded using UV-Vis spectroscopy, indicating the absorption peak in the visible region. The band gap energy of pure ZnO, ZnO:Ti, and NiFe2O4@ZnO:Ti before and after calcination was calculated as 3.21 eV, 2.92 eV, 2.44 eV, and 2.04 eV, respectively. Further, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) was employed to examine the magnetic features, and the saturation magnetization (Ms) values of NiFe2O4 and NiFe2O4@ZnO:Ti non-calcined and calcined were obtained as 63.6 emu/g, 21.3 emu/g, and 15.3 emu/g, respectively. The findings revealed that calcination of NiFe2O4@ZnO:Ti nanospheres improved the optical properties and reduced the band gap energy. However, NiFe2O4 combination with nonmagnetic matrix and calcination of NiFe2O4@ZnO:Ti nanoparticles decreased the Ms value and response to the external magnetic field.

The present research aims at designing a comprehensive personal productivity assessment model for the personnel in the banking industry, which has been conducted with a combined (qualitative-quantitative) method. Objective sampling method has been employed for the research where a number of university elite and experts as well as managers of the banking industry were elected as samples. Semi-organized interviews and closed-ended questions were used as the first and second stages of data collection. The method of analysis in the qualitative section was inductive thematic analysis and in the quantitative section was structural equations modeling, and the results of the research in the qualitative section is indicative of identifying 377 meaningful concepts or propositions resulting from 110 interview texts; however, taking into account the notion of concentration, the meaningful concepts and propositions were reduced to 137 primary themes. Further on, 15 subsidiary themes and 3 levels of main themes were identified. For the quantitative section, a structural pattern was presented for the correlation among the components which depicted that from among the 15 components constituting the personal productivity of the personnel in the banking industry, the highest ratio belongs to social intelligence with the value of 0.82 and the lowest ratio goes for professional competency wit the value of 0.49

Controlling and managing the side effects of chemotherapy is one of the most serious challenges that patients with gastrointestinal cancer encounter. A promising technique to overcome these challenges is using informative mobile-based applications. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a mobile-based application to help patients with gastrointestinal cancer to manage the possible side effects caused by chemotherapy.  

This descriptive-applied study was performed in 2 stages. In the first stage, a needs assessment was performed where the opinions of 4 oncologists and 27 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were obtained by use of a researcher-designed questionnaire. In the second stage of the study, based on the identified needs from the first stage, an application prototype was designed and later evaluated. Participants were asked to use the application for 1 week to evaluate the usability of the application. The Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction Version 5.5 was used for evaluation. The results of the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software Version 22.  

Of the 34 data elements obtained in the first step, 30 gained a mean above 3.75 and were considered in designing the application. The following features were included in the application: demographic data, history, clinical data, managing psychological and psychiatric challenges, lifestyle information, management of side effects, communication possibility, and other application features. Also, the evaluation results showed that the users gave a mean of 7.12 to the application and believed its usability was good.  

This application and its capabilities can help patients with gastrointestinal cancer undergoing chemotherapy to better perform self-care processes, improve their health status, and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy.

The present study aimed to analyze the Farmers' Behavior in Using Low-pressure Irrigation System. This qualitative study is performed in East Azarbaijan province. The statistical sample population consists of 393 farmers out of 112010 farmers of East Azarbaijan province. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire that face validity and convergent validity were used to assess the validity of the questionnaire. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the mean of variance extracted was acceptable for the studied structures (AVE≥0.522). Also, the combined reliability value was suitable for all structures (CR≥0.785). The SPSS version 20 and AMOS version 21 were used to analyze the data. In order to better understand the main factors influencing the behavior of low-pressure irrigation systems, the research model was based on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) and extended. In this study, two variables of moral norm and self-identity have been added to the initial model of the decomposed theory of planned behavior, which has made it more complete and comprehensive. The results of using structural equation modeling showed that EDTPB had a suitable effectiveness and efficiency to predict farmers' behavior in using low-pressure irrigation system. In addition, variables including compatibility, advantages, facilitators, self-efficacy, attitudes, moral norms, self-identity and behavioral control were explained 72% of the variance changes.

Health inequalities can determine the risk of diseases and the measures employed to prevent and treat diseases when they occurs. The COVID-19 pandemic has played an important role in creating and reinforcing numerous health inequalities across the globe. This study aimed at investigating inequalities in access to health services in patients with COVID-19 and mortality caused by it at the provincial level of Iran.

This descriptive cross-sectional study assessed all provinces of Iran for a number of hospital measures, including total hospital beds, ICU beds, the number of CT scans, and the number of specialists and nurses. To determine the effect of hospital infrastructure and facilities on death and hospitalization, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used. Multivariate linear regression was employed to determine the relationship and significance of the variables, and the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve were used to measure inequalities in the distribution of facilities and infrastructures.

The results showed that on the basis of hospital facilities, the rate of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 can be predicted by 96%. Increasing ICU beds increased hospitalization and death by 1.16 and 0.97 respectively. Also, for every increase in the number of doctors and nurses, the chance of hospitalization increased by 0.423 and decreased by 0.741 respectively. Isfahan, West Azerbaijan, Yazd, Kermanshah and Zanjan provinces had the lowest Gini coefficient in bed distribution.

The distribution of resources among provinces is not fair. Therefore, in order to achieve universal health coverage and comply with the leveling of service provision, it is necessary to make policies and plans according to the needs of the society and allocate resources based on the needs and burden of the disease.

Glutamine (Gln), as a precursor of glutathione and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, has a vital role in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defense of the body. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines increase in respiratory diseases.

We sought to investigate the effect of Gln supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory and oxidative stress indices in hospitalized children with ARI.

We conducted a 5-day parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. This clinical trial was held for 5 days to assess the efficacy of the 0.5 g/kg body weight Gln, along with medical therapy, in hospitalized children with ARI.

The difference in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between the Gln and placebo groups was significant after the intervention (analyzed by analysis of covariance [ANCOVA] after adjusting for the duration of cough and biochemical baseline values, 10.67 [7.77] vs 14.04 [6.57], respectively; P = 0.005). Moreover, at the end of the trial, there was no significant difference regarding the duration of hospitalization between the Gln and placebo groups (3.25 [1.37] vs 3.35 [0.8], respectively; P = 0.70).

The effect of Gln supplementation on the reduction of hs-CRP in children with ARI was demonstrated in this study. Further research is needed to determine the exact effect of Gln on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in children with ARI.

Adolescents with hearing loss face many communication problems and challenges due to their hearing impairment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of psychodrama on communication skills of adolescents with hearing loss.

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest design using a control group. The study population consists of all adolescents with hearing loss aged 12–15 years studying at Naghme School for the Deaf in Yazd, Iran. A total of 24 adolescents were selected using a purposive sampling technique and were randomly assigned into groups of control (n=12) and intervention (n=12). The intervention group received psychodrama at nine sessions of 90 minutes, while the control group received no treatment. The Queendom Communication Skills Test (QCST) was used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Psychodrama can improve communication skills of adolescents with hearing loss, which is verbal communication.

The mean and standard deviation of the pretest QCST score was 78.75±9.4 for the intervention group. After the treatment, the QCST scores was 105.08±6.28 for the intervention group. The results of ANCOVA showed an improvement in Queendom Communication Skills Test scores of adolescents after intervention (p<0.001).

The effect of managers' overconfidence on the possibility of financial crisesIn this study, the relationship between the Managerial overconfidence and Financial distress like lihoood is examined. The research sample consists of 185 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 1389 to 1393 and in the period studied by systematic elimination method was studied. To review hypothesis of research, logistic regression model was used. The results of this study show that in the period studied, Managerial overconfidence and Financial distress likelihoood and there is a significant positive relationship. In other words, the Managerial overconfidence in firms is increasing the financial distress likelihood. In other words, Managerial overconfidence, increasing the Financial distress likelihoood in the firms. The effect of Managerial overconfidence, on the Financial distress likelihoood is significant at 95 percent confidence level. The results show that the life of the company depends on the ability of company managers and the satisfaction of a wide range of related groups of the companyKeywords: Managerial overconfidence, Financial distress likelihoood, Profitability Ratio, logistic regression

Ensuring integrated people-centred health services (IPCHS) that offer universal access, social equity, and financial protection within a primary health care method is important toward universal health coverage and health sustainable development goals. Hospitals are part of this ambitious agenda. The purpose is to review the health system and to list and summarize hospital interventions.

Document review. As part of our review, we selected health systems reports for conceptualizing IPCHS frameworks at the country level as well as those focusing on the hospital sector. Our research team collected and analyzed data including governance, financing, human resource, provision service, and reforms based on the health system report of 14 countries.

The review showed 26 challenges, most of which were in Eastern European countries, with 48 interventions in 3 themes and 13 subthemes.

Due to the paradigm shift, there is a need for change. However, a much better positive view is needed to determine the role of hospitals in the service delivery system. The IPCHS framework provides guidance for countries in setting priorities, and formulating, implementing, and evaluating national policy/strategic plans for their hospital sector. Although the vision and interventions should be adapted to local context, different policy instruments may be needed to specifically tackle the most pressing local issues. Recognizing differences in countries’ contexts will help to develop realistic and applicable solutions.

Pharmaceutical productions are recognized as an essential commodity in the economical literature; therefore, an increase in their prices leads to an increase in the household budget. Currently, about 15-20% of the entire health expenditure in Iran is allocated to the pharmaceutical sector. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inflation and its uncertainty on inflation in pharmaceutical prices in Iran. In this study, the monthly time series of consumer price index from 2001 to 2017 was used to calculate inflation uncertainty based on a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model. Hylleberg-Engle-Granger-Yoo test was performed to determine the stationary of the data. Feasibility tests were also used to explore the application of Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity family models to these data. The causal relationship between inflation uncertainty and inflation in the pharmaceutical sector was investigated using the Granger causality test. A causal relationship was found between inflation and inflation uncertainty at the 95% confidence interval for the monthly data during the study. It was revealed that Inflation uncertainty did not affect the inflation in the pharmaceutical prices, but inflation can be a cause of pharmaceutical inflation. Although inflation uncertainty has no association with pharmaceutical inflation, it seems that it could affect pharmaceutical inflation through inflation in other sectors. Therefore, adopting appropriate monetary policies aimed at controlling liquidity and inflation can effectively control pharmaceutical prices.

In this paper, a numerical method is developed and analyzed for solving a class of fractional optimal control problems (FOCPs) with vector state and control functions using polynomial approximation. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. To implement the proposed numerical procedure, the Ritz spectral method with Bernoulli polynomials basis is applied. By applying the Bernoulli polynomials and using the numerical estimation of the unknown functions, the FOCP is reduced to solve a system of algebraic equations. By rigorous proofs, the convergence of the numerical method is derived for the given FOCP. Moreover, a new fractional operational matrix compatible with the proposed spectral method is formed to ease the complexity in the numerical computations. At last, several test problems are provided to show the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme numerically.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have attracted a lot of attention for their high efficiency, fuel flexibility, lower air pollution, etc. Unfortunately, their operating high temperature is the main shortcoming for commercialization. One of the main hurdles to achieving intermediate temperature SOFCs is the conductivity of their cathode materials at lower temperatures.Therefore, in this study, a conductive Sr_3 Fe_1.8 Co_0.2 O_7 cathode material with a Ruddlesden−Popper crystal structure was first successfully synthesized and then the effect of sintering temperature was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis results revealed that the powder was approximately pure. Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) micrographs rod-shaped particles with an average particle size of 670 nm. To evaluate the sintering effect on the electrochemical behavior of the synthesized powder, a paste of the powder was painted on both sides of the Gadolinium doped Ceria (CGO) electrolyte and sintered at 1000°C and 1100°C. The electrochemical impedance analysis on symmetrical half-cells revealed that the minimum polarization resistance for the sintered cathode at 1000°C and 1100°C was  1.1 Ω.〖cm〗^2 and 1.6 Ω.〖cm〗^2 at 800C. The FESEM micrograph showed High-temperature sintering could affect the interface between CGO and SFCO and decrease transport pathways for oxygen ions conduction at higher sintering temperatures. Also, the electrical conductivity of the sample was determined by the four-point probe electrical conductivity method in the temperature range of 200_800 C at room atmosphere. The results show that the maximum electrical conductivity at 427°C is 76 S.〖cm〗^(-1).