فهرست مطالب dr. muhammad

Charles Taliaferro’s “Philosophy of Mind and the Christian” begins with a loaded question: “Are we thoroughly physical beings, or do we contain some nonphysical part, something we may call a soul, spirit, or mind?” The question presents us with a false dilemma, for there is also the possibility that we are neither merely material beings nor do we contain a soul as a nonphysical part of us. Taliaferro follows this with a list of other questions pertaining to the philosophy of mind and asks whether Christians should give answers to these sorts of questions that differ from non-Christian colleagues. It seems odd to divide colleagues based on Christianity with regard to these questions, for it means that if the Christian colleagues do have a particular take on these issues, it will be different from that of non-Christian theistic colleagues. Perhaps, however, Taliaferro’s department consists only of Christians and atheists. In this case, however, Taliaferro seems to think that there will be a uniformity in Christian thought that seems somewhat doubtful.

The issue of religious diversity is explicitly addressed in a number of āyāt of the Qur’ān. One of the recurrent themes that is found in these passages is the resolution of religious differences. The theme of religious difference is treated with assertions that diversity arose out of an original unity. There may be partial resolutions to issues over which there is contention, but ultimate resolution of differences is only to be expected in the eschaton. The morale given in such passages is a counsel of patience. The implications of this message for an Islamic theology of religions areconsidered.

The subject of evil and good is the most difficult problem in philosophy and divine religion and all religions acknowledge this, and no one has ever denied it. Hence, at first glance, the existence of evil appears in the figure of the order of being, and shows his filthiness; because evil is actually the opposite of goodness, and with the formation of evil among human beings, the structure of their lives becomes disoriented, and it damages human society. Philosophers and scholars have addressed this issue in two general terms. A group of scientists believe that this is a matter of the laws of nature, therefore, it must be studied according to the laws of nature, in this case, it must be seen as a material case. Another group interprets the phenomenon of evil in the universe with a religious and metaphysical view. In fact, they give a metaphysical reading of the existence of evil and link it somehow to the act of God. This article aims to, (incomplete)

Imam al-Husayn's movement has safeguarded Islam, yet it has several misrepresentations throughout history. One of such topics concerns the fate of Imam al-Husayn's clothes and garments at the time of his martyrdom. Despite its importance and various views so far expressed, the very topic has seldom received enough attention. Hence the present paper addresses this question based on the earlier sources, especially those that date back to before the 10th/ 16th century.

Ultrasonically assisted turning (UAT) is a progressive machining method in which vibration is applied to the cutting insert in the direction of the cutting tool velocity to reduce the cutting forces, significantly and increase the surface finish noticeably. However, the key question about the tool damage caused by the vibration and its effect on the cutting forces, surface roughness and process zone temperature is still unknown in UAT. This paper presents experimental analysis of the effect of worn tool in UAT and conventional-turning (CT) of β-Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn (Ti-15333) alloy on surface quality of a machined surface, temperature of the process zone and cutting forces using KC5510 (PVD TiAlN) and CP500 (PVD (Ti,Al)N-TiN) cutting inserts.  In UAT, the tool edge damages in CP500 inserts increased with tested machining time resulted a growth of 8 N and 10 N in tangential force component in CT and UAT, respectively.  Similarly, with the progression of tool edge damage, a growth of 1.7% and 9.3% in process zone temperature was observed in CT and UAT, respectively.  The surface roughness results revealed a gradual degradation with machining time, however, the results UAT with a worn tool was significantly better when compared to CT, with a virgin tool.

The Ashura episode took place at Karbala in 61 AH/680. It has since drawn the attention of not only Muslim scholars but also influenced non-Muslims researchers and Orientalists. By now, it has been more than a century that there are certain Orientalist research groups in the west that study various aspects of the event of Ashura and its impacts. Although Orientalists made chiefly non-Muslim communities acquinted with the event of Ashura, they have formed their iwn, idiosyncratic conceptions of this movement. There have been many drawbacks in their writings on Ashura, among them, their reliance on less authoritative sources, negligence of the prayerscand ziarat-texts issued by the Infallible Imams in favor of Imam al-Husayn and his companions.

The Husaynist movement has since provided mankind with a good role-model on individual and social levels. The various stages of this movement from its inception at Medina to up to the return of the aggrieved caravan back to Medina all contain several lessons and educative episodes that all together provide a good role-model for anybody. By extension, such a model would provide a ground for the re-appearance of the 12th Infallible Imam al-Mahdi. The present paper deals with some culture-building aspects of the Ashura episode.

Shitte poets who had a sense of religious committment have expressed the blood-drenched history of Shiism in the beautiful words and language of poetry. Their religio us commitment, coupled with a sense of expressing the instructive beauties they sensed got started from right the day of Ashura. This line of literature has never had any termination, nor does it seem so. Besides contributing to the eternity of Ashura on a literary level, their epics mirrored the awe-inspiring scenes of Ashura. Moreover, their ardent religious devotion to Imam al-Husayn and the rest of Ashura martyrs proves another reason for their being imprinted in the Shiite collective, historical memory. 

This paper presents numerical modeling technique for Dhajji-Dewari structures (timber-braced rubble stone masonry), and its application for the evaluation of in-plane force-deformation capacity of Dhajji wall panels of different configuration of bracings. Dhajji structures are mainly composed of vertical and horizontal timber posts and braced using diagonal bracings and horizontal studs. Wall openings are filled with random rubble masonry in week mortar. These types of structures are known for their high lateral deformability and are mostly found in Kashmir and its surrounding areas both in Pakistan and India, locally named as “Dhajji-Dewari”. A numerical model of Dhajji wall was developed using a finite element based structural seismic analysis program SeismoStruct, based on the experimental study carried out at the Earthquake Engineering Center of UET Peshawar. In-plane force-deformation response of Dhajji wall was evaluated through static pushover analysis, and validated with the measured response. The numerical model was extended to evaluate and compare the lateral strengths of Dhajji walls of three different configurations of bracings. This can enable structural designer to select Dhajji wall with a particular bracing configuration keeping in view the required lateral strength and deformability with least possible quantity of timber for construction, which might be helpful to economize the construction of these structures.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae are the causative agents of avian mycoplasmosis in commercial poultry. Among the available tools, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture are confirmatory tools for the diagnosis of mycoplasmosis after the initial serological screening of suspected birds. Overall, 181 samples were analyzed, 152 (84%) and 103 (57%) of which were found positive by PCR and culture, respectively. Further, 54 (92%) broiler samples were found positive for general avian mycoplasma. Among the total positive samples, MS positivity was as high as 72 (47%) by PCR, while it was 45 (44%) by culture. MG positivity was 23% and 25% in PCR- and culture-positive samples. MG grows more easily compared to MS. The agreement value between the tests was 67%. Overall, flock wise prevalence was not much varied. The prevalence of mycoplasmosis was higher during winter. Our study confirmed that PCR is the most sensitive and reliable tool for the diagnosis of avian mycoplasmosis in field samples.

The significance of the organizational behavior(s) of the agents of the Islamic government lies in the fact that the affairs of the Islamic society are affected by these behaviors, and the growth, development, decline and retardation of the Islamic society is based on these behaviors. It is clear that governmental agents in every country, according to the laws and regulations, assume legal responsibility towards his own organizational activities and behaviors. Now this question arises as to whether or not any agent has legal responsibility towards the organizational behavior and is called to account for it. What are the aspects of this legal responsibility? In order to identify and explain all possible aspects of legal responsibilities towards the organizational behaviors of the agents, the present article studies the jurisprudential theories and their underlying principles drawing upon analytical-descriptive method. The article seeks to provide an answer to these two questions and explain the legal responsibilities of agents from various angles such as preserving the divine trust, qualification for taking charge of positions, meeting governmental purposes and serving the interests of the government, claiming responsibility for the consequences of behaviors, collective responsibility, obedience to the Islamic ruler, and preserving public treasury. These aspects are regarded as the fundamental rules and regulations and frameworks governing the organizational behaviors of the agents.

In showing appropriate reactions against the rival ideas as well as in making attempts to avoid trial and errors which may have no decisive results, the Islamic rule does not help creating a system based on the revelatory teachings (knowledge). If this enterprise fails, the efficiency of the Islamic system relying on ShiÝÐ jurisprudence and the thesis of guardianship of the Muslim jurist (wilÁyat-e faqih) will be challenged. As far as the revelatory knowledge is concerned, the Qur’Án is of centrality, so the system created by the Quran is felt as a greater necessity in this day and age than before. This research work seeks to obtain a proper understanding of Qur’anic systematization based on approaches which have been adopted by those who are expert in this field. The writers claim that if the earnest discourse on systematization does not become widespread, the idea of the occurrence of system-atization will be an unreal expectation. Being based on library studies, this research work first undertakes to collect data about different approaches to systematization. Then, based on the qualitative approach adopted as well as the in-depth and partially structured interviews with the experts in the field of creating systems, it seeks to complete the primary data, and prepares the ground for deducing the conceptual framework of Qur’anic systematization according to the data-based theory and approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin. In the next stage, in order to sort out the priorities, the research work makes some modifications in the constituents of the mentioned model that is based on a quantitative approach and the use of TOPSIS [The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution] and the newly proposed theories of the experts. In the end, various realms of systematization have been separated into system studies in terms of created things, revealed (legal) things, mentally-posited things, and of the things related to the realm of administration.

In this issue, i.e., the second part of the essay, other characteristics are discussed, e.g., bravery, loyalty with regard to Imam al-Husayn, forbearance, steadfastness, zealousness, sense of mutual understanding, cooperation, and insightfulness. All cases are supported by concrete examples.

An extremely high tool wear rate in the machining of titanium alloys (Ti alloys) is one of the major reasons limiting the use of conventional machining processes for the components made of these alloys. The machinability of a -Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn (Ti- 15333) alloy can be signi cantly improved using an advanced machining technique known as Ultrasonically Assisted Turning (UAT). The key mechanism of tool wear associated with UAT of Ti-15333 alloy is still unknown. The present study begins to address this issue by examining wear behaviour of two di erent types of cutting inserts using UAT and Conventional Turning (CT) of Ti-15333 alloy. Tool wear was measured using 3D optical microscope and the composition of the Built-Up Edge (BUE) on the worn tools was analysed with scanning electron microscopy. A robust experimental methodology was developed, which provided repeatable and statistically reliable tool wear results. The KC5510 cutting inserts demonstrated better tool-life in UAT when compared to CP-500 inserts.

the author of the present study tries to elaborate on the meaning of thārand thārAllah according to Ziarat-texts. Following this article, a book review on “Raḥmat-I Wāsi‟ah: Bayān-I raḥmat-I Wāsi‟ah-yi Khudā. Ḥadrat-I Sayyid alShuhadā „alayh al-salām” which is a book about Imam Ḥusayn has been include.

Agriculture is an important sector for the Malaysian economy. The use of pesticides in agriculture is crucial due to its function in keeping the crops from harmful insects. Children living near agricultural fields are at risk of pesticide poisoning.
To evaluate the genotoxic risk among children who exposed to pesticides and measure DNA damage due to pesticides exposure.
In a cross-sectional study 180 Orang Asli Mah Meri children aged between 7 and 12 years were studied. They were all living in an agricultural island in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. The data for this study were collected via modified validated questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire, which consisted of 131 food items. 6 urinary organophosphate metabolites were used as biomarkers for pesticides exposure. For genotoxic risk or genetic damage assessment, the level of DNA damage from exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was measured using the comet assay electrophoresis method.
Out of 180 respondents, 84 (46.7%) showed positive traces of organophosphate metabolites in their urine. Children with detectable urinary pesticide had a longer tail length (median 43.5; IQR 30.9 to 68.1 μm) than those with undetectable urinary pesticides (median 24.7; IQR 9.5 to 48.1 μm). There was a significant association between the extent of DNA damage and the children's age, length of residence in the area, pesticides detection, and frequency of apple consumption.
The organophosphate genotoxicity among children is associated with the amount of exposure (detectability of urinary pesticide) and length of residence in (exposure) the study area.

Out of the literary works produced in the world, only a limited number of them deserve being introduced to the world as world’s classics. Since literary classics are those works that are replete with profound lessons for peoples of the world, and as a considerable portion of Husayni literature deserves being globally introduced as noteworthy pieces of the world literature (although it has largely remained a much neglected task), the present work contains some proposals for achieving this goal.

In this paper, we introduce new classes ∑ k,p,n (α,m,λ,l,ρ) and T k,p,n (α,m,λ,l,ρ) of p valent meromorphic functions defined by using the extended multiplier transformation operator. We use a strong convolution technique and derive inclusion results. A radius problem and some other interesting properties of these classes are discussed.

This case report illustrates the presence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) in a fighting Bulldog. The dog was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital، University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan، with the presenting complaint of slowly progressing staggering gait، inability to stand on hind limbs and muscle stiffness in lumbo-sacral region. Hematological، serobiochemical and clinical examination were insignificant except presence of extensive new bone formation in the radiograph on the ventral of last 4 consecutive body lumbar vertebras (L4-L8) in lumbar region، running parallel to nuchal ligament. Diagnosis of DISH was made on the basis of clinical signs and radiographical examination which were suggestive of DISH. This report documents the first case of DISH in fighting Bulldog in Pakistan.

Mastitis is a one of the major diseases of dairy animals. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism associated with this dairy scourge. Cure rates of mastitis associated with this pathogen are appallingly low. Biofilm is an important virulence factor and immunogenic structure of S. aureus that makes it resistant to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Reports on the efficacy of vaccine prepared from a biofilm producing S. aureus are infrequent. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of a bacterin-toxoid prepared from a strong biofilm producing S. aureus in effective immunization of rabbits. The strong biofilm producing S. aureus selected from 64 isolates of staphylococci was used to prepare bacterin-toxoid and aluminum hydroxide gel was added as an adjuvant. The vaccine was evaluated in rabbits by challenge protection assay and humoral immune response. The mortality rates in control and vaccinated groups were 80% and 10% at day 7 post challenge and 100% and 20% at day 15 post challenge, respectively. Serum antibody titer (GMT) was significantly higher (294.0) in vaccinated group as compared to control group of rabbits (2.63) at day 45. The results showed that the vaccine has significantly elicited humoral immune response in rabbit and developed protective efficacy against new infections.

An analysis has been carried out to study the heat transfer analysis and MHD stagnation-point. ow of a viscous. uid over an unsteady stretching sheet in a porous medium with slip condition. For the present problem, the govern- ing equations are transformed into a system of non-linear ordinary di¤erential equations by means of similarity transformations. This system is solved both analytically by an analytictechnique, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and numerically using a shootingmethod with Runge-Kutta algorithm. The in.uences of the involved parameters on the. ow and temperature. elds are graphically illustrated and analyzed. The results obtained bymeans of both methods are compared and found in excellent agreement.

The study carried out an assessment of agricultural land management practices in food crops production among small scale farmers in Kwara Sate, Nigeria. Specifically, the studydetermined the socio economic characteristics of crop farmers in Kwara State; ascertained the cropping patterns common among them; highlighted the soil conservation methods adopted by the farmers; examined the relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics of the farmers and their adoption of major agricultural land management practices; and investigated the constraints to adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among crop farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria A three stage random sampling technique was used in selecting a total of one hundred and forty four small scale food crops farmers. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regressionmodel and four point Likert-type scale were used to analyse the data for the study. The study revealed that food crops production in Kwara State is dominated by middle aged men who are poorly educated and have poor access to agricultural extension services. Half of the respondents (48.60%) adopted cereal-based cropping systems. 48.6% of the farmers adopted a minimum of three management practices. Crop rotation was mostly adopted by all the farmers while irrigation was the least adopted by only 29.3% of the respondents. Furthermore, the study revealed that farm size, age, education status, number of contacts with extension agents, household size and number of farm plots of the respondents were the significant factors affecting their adoption of land managementpractices. The study also revealed that the major constraints to the use of sustainable crop management practices among the farmers included inadequate supply of fertilizer, inadequacy of labour and credit, poor knowledge of improved agricultural practices, poor transportation, low produce prices and high cost of production. The study recommended the need for training programme on the use of appropriate sustainable practices that will take into account the cropping systems adopted by the farmers.

The present study was conducted in the central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan comprising seven districts: Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera, Mardan, Swabi, Kohat and Hangu, during 2010. The objective was to analyze the perceived effect of Farmer Field School (FFS) approach on farmers’ capacity in controlling pre- and post- harvest losses. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected from 280 randomly selected farmer respondents. The analysis revealed that FFS had remarkably built up farmers’ capacity in controlling pre and post-harvest losses caused by rodents, birds, immature harvesting/picking, and inappropriate packing, storing, and transportation of the produce. Furthermore, FFS helped farmers in reducing losses at the market and controlling grain borer, wheat weevil, and store weevils effectively. The study concluded that the highest improvement as a result of FFS activities was in controlling losses by rodents, proper packaging and labeling of the produce, and controlling some stored grain pests like grain borer and wheat weevil. By and large, farmers’ capacity was built up in almost all aspects of controlling pre- and post-harvest losses, except a few i.e. losses due to immature harvesting of crops, and controlling losses caused by store insects, which needed special focus of the authorities concerned.