e. shoja

In this study, the seismic interaction of surface foundations and underground cavities was investigated. For this purpose, a parametric study of geometric dimensions of the foundation and cavity, their location, and the effect of the interaction between surface foundations and underground cavities was evaluated. The variable parameters include the ratio of the overburden height to the foundation width (H/B = 0.5, 1 and 2), the location ratio of the cavity to the foundation width (X/B=0, 2 and 8) and the ratio of the cavity diameter to the foundation width (d/B=0.5, 1 and 2), respectively. The accuracy of the finite element method was evaluated using a laboratory study and it was found that the used method provides an accurate prediction of tunnel behavior.The results indicated that by increasing the overburden height, the stress on the tunnel surfaces was increased for all values of X/B (the horizontal tunnel distance to the foundation width). Therfore, in the case where the tunnel is located exactly along the center at the bottom of the foundation (X/B=0, d/B=2), the maximum stress generated is approximately 2.13 times greater than its corresponding value in the ratio of the depth to width of 0.5 (X/B=0, d/B=0.5). It can be concluded that the higher overburden height, the greater stresses caused by the dynamic loads of the earthquake on the tunnel wall.

asphyxia increases Infant mortality rate and it can cause serious complications and long-term disability condition. Therefore this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of birth asphyxia.

In this case-control study, newborns of Bint al-Huda hospital in Bojnurd in 2012 were studied in terms of Asphyxia by census. With equal number of newborns with asphyxia (75 cases), control cases (75 controls) that had not Asphyxia were selected with Systematic sampling. The information was collected from the records and interviews with mothers by questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 statistical software with independent t-tests and chi-square.

The incidence of asphyxia in this study were determined 2.1% (75 cases) and relationship between maternal height (p =0.01), the use of suction (p =0.04), the proportion of embryos with maternal pelvis (p =0.02), delayed delivery (p =0.01), cord compression (p =0.03), postpartum hemorrhage (p =0.01) and the delivery of foot (p =0.03) with asphyxia were statistically significant. The relationship between maternal age, birth weight, mother’s parity old, gender, delivery type, preterm delivery, heart disease and maternal diabetes with asphyxia was not observed.

Considering the high prevalence of asphyxia in this study, and its serious complications, control and management of affecting factors on asphyxia should be among the priorities of the health care system.