ebrahim naeimi

The phenomenon of child and youth labor is a multifaceted challenge encompassing biological, psychological, and social dimensions, and it has emerged as a significant concern in various countries, including Iran. However, the predominant research has often approached this issue from a social work perspective, focusing on description and pathology. There has been a notable absence of studies addressing the empowerment of this demographic to navigate and overcome challenging environmental circumstances. Given the expanding population and the substantial personal and social challenges faced by working children and adolescents, it becomes apparent that conducting research in this area could contribute to the empowerment of these individuals.

The present study aimed to present the model of human as an agent based on the lived experiences of youth labore.

This study employed a qualitative approach, specifically utilizing the grounded theory method. The research focused on purposefully selecting 15 successful youth laborers residing in Tehran in 2023. Participants were chosen through referrals from Toloe Bi neshanha Center, Mehr and Mah Institute, and Al Yassin Assistance Clinic. After obtaining their consent and willingness to participate in the research, they became part of the study. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method.

The analysis of the interview data was generally categorized into seven axes: internal strength, chaotic environmental conditions, support system, learning experiences, humanistic strategies, positive and active design of life, and comprehensive and integrated growth, and finally, the conceptual model of the human as an agent based on the codes was drawn.

The obtained results, in addition to increasing insight into the components of the human as an agent model and the factors behind its creation, can be used as a basis for further research and the design of educational and therapeutic programs aimed at improving the psychological capabilities of youth laborers.

Counseling is deeply intertwined with cultural and value-based topics, manifesting in counselor and client interactions. Therefore, it is essential to examine counseling from a religious perspective and incorporate its teachings into practice. This study identifies the foundations of the counseling model of optimal choice based on Quranic verses.

This qualitative research utilized a library-documentary method for data collection. The analytical community included all Quranic verses, their interpretations, and relevant databases. These sources were identified and then purposefully and continuously studied and analyzed. The research sample, or “units of analysis,” comprised words, topics, and phrases related to counseling, optimal choice, and action in the Quran and the Noor Tafsir by Mohsen Qara’ati. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes, and data collection was conducted using selected keywords through the online Quranic lexicon, the Islamic Encyclopedia (online), and direct reference to the Quran.

The analysis identified eight organizing themes: alignment with the optimal system of existence, unification of internal dualities, self, individual meaning-making system, cognitive capacities and resources, spiritual management of emotions, integrated self-development management, and optimal coping style. These organizing themes were categorized into four overarching themes for the foundations of the counseling model of optimal choice: optimal motivation, optimal attitude, optimal emotion, and optimal action.

The teachings of the Quran outline a path for individual and social excellence. Applying these findings can be effective in counseling.

The Holy Quran functions as an comprehensive resource for fostering positive thinking and serves as a guide for individuals pursuing mental well-being. Adhering to faith and following Quranic principles results in a life characterized by tranquility, happiness, and fulfillment. Traditional psychotherapy's foundational theories, across various schools, are largely informed by anthropological viewpoints that emphasize negative existential concerns, such as mental disorders and psychological distress. In contrast, positive thinking aims to enhance mental wellness and promote hedonistic pursuits. This study seeks to investigate how mental health and its pathways are represented within a multidimensional positive counseling framework derived from the Quran. Data were gathered through qualitative content analysis of positive thinking elements found in Quranic verses, which were organized into four themes (relationship with God, self, others, and nature), four primary categories (faith, self-awareness, human virtues in interpersonal relationships, and consciousness of the Creator's presence), and 31 subcategories from a selection of 400 verses from the Holy Quran. These elements were systematically coded utilizing the translation of Tafsir al-Mizan. The Content Validity Ratio (CVR) evaluated by experts ranged from 77% to 92%, while the Content Validity Index (CVI) varied from 88% to 96%. The results suggest that the components of positive thinking articulated in Quranic verses offer a robust foundation for understanding psychological phenomena and mental health, anchored in a fourfold relationship centered on faith and devotion to God. Consequently, it can be concluded that the elements of positive thinking and their role in promoting mental health are effectively delineated within the Quran. A positive counseling model based on Islamic-Iranian teachings was subsequently developed and validated within this framework.

The present study aims to analyze adolescents' perception of cyberspace.

Methods and Materials:

 This research is a qualitative study of the descriptive phenomenological type. The statistical population consists of adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 who are dependent on cyberspace and reside in the city of Talesh, Gilan Province, during the summer quarter. They were identified using purposive sampling with Young's questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 individuals, continuing until saturation and repetition of responses were reached. After recording each interview, the extracted content was transcribed verbatim. Data coding continued simultaneously with data collection. The data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's seven-step method.

A total of 2 main themes and 10 sub-themes were obtained from 11 interviews. The main themes include "perceived challenges of presence in cyberspace" with sub-themes such as "family challenges; psychological challenges; challenges arising from intergenerational gaps; challenges of changing cultural patterns and instability of accepted values; transformation of leisure and recreational styles; informational challenges beyond the age of transnational groups" and "perceived opportunities of cyberspace" with sub-themes such as "space for dialogue and exchange of views on social issues; opportunity to present models compatible with local culture; creation of social networks compatible with adolescent characteristics; access to equal educational opportunities." The results indicated that adolescents dependent on cyberspace perceive their presence in cyberspace with various challenges as well as beneficial opportunities.

Therefore, it is necessary for officials and stakeholders to consider the needs of the adolescent period and use the opportunities provided by communication technology and virtual networks to design appropriate digital content to meet the needs of adolescents.

The aim of this study was to determine the process, technical and content characteristics of the model of counseling for the prevention of transmission of parental psychological annoyance. The qualitative study was conducted with the Grounded theory approach and through purposive and theoretical sampling. The study population was selected from parents aged 35 to 50 years with adolescent children living in Tehran who participated in the interview voluntarily. Using in-depth and semi-structured interviews, data were collected and after the attainment of theoretical saturation in the eighteenth interview, Glaserian method was used to analyze the data. The results of data analysis were categorized into four components: annoyance due to communication space, annoyance due to interactions, annoyance due to educational method and annoyance due to living situation along with its perception factors. Then, based on the obtained data, the model of counseling to prevent the transmission of parental psychological annoyance to children, was designed in the form of six processes, including empathetic and trustworthy Relationship; Assessment and evaluation; Facing resistance; informing; Introducing a new ontology with an emphasis on the principle of conscious choice and responsibility; The action based on a new perspective and reinforcement. According to the findings, in the obtained model, client is expected to be able to review the range of his lived experiences from a developmental perspective and based on a different ontology and create a healthier parenting based on the modification of the cycle of transmission of annoyance from the original family while relieving the experienced annoyances.

Recent advances in technology and online communications have had significant impacts on emotional relationships, leading to a noticeable increase in long-distance emotional relationships.The present research aims to investigate the challenges faced by adolescent boys in online emotional relationships.
This qualitative research is conducted with a phenomenological approach. The study
population consisted of adolescents aged 16 to 20 residing in Rafsanjan in the spring of 2023. The sample was selected using purposive sampling, with the main criterion being that adolescents have an emotional connection with someone living more than 100 kilometers away. Data collection continued until data saturation was achieved and was completed with 11 interviews. Data was collected through unstructured interviews and analyzed using the content analysis method..
After coding the data, the findings were categorized into 8 thematic codes and 3 main themes: "psychological challenges," "sociocultural challenges," and "challenges related to social networks."
Based on the research findings, adolescent boys in long-distance online emotional relationships face various problems and challenges. Understanding these challenges can assist us in better comprehending how to address them, formulate solutions based on their needs and experiences, and guide them toward healthy and deep emotional relationships.

The present research was done with the aim of explaining the philosophical foundations of the patient person in the Holy Quran and ways to strengthen patience in elementary teachers. The method of the current research was qualitative and content analysis and Franken's analytical model. The current research community consists of all the verses of the Holy Qur'an that deal with patience and the patient person, which were studied and analyzed by purposeful sampling and referring to its interpretations (Tafsir Javadi Amoli). In order to collect information, an information collection form was used. The results of conventional content analysis and inferential analysis of the current research showed that the philosophical foundations of the patient man in the foundations of ontology, epistemology, anthropology, values and aesthetics have shown examples in the verses. The strategies to strengthen patient people in primary teachers include asking for help from God and worshiping the secret of need, commanding patience and endurance, modeling and following models of patience, and reminding of the effects and benefits of patience, which can be done by training and empowering teachers in these strategies led to strengthening their patience.

Female adolescents are at risk of online sexual harassment as they are in a period of sexual identity formation and sexual exploration. Thus, studying online sexual harassment in female adolescents can contribute to preventing this type of abuse and reducing its possible consequences. To this end, the present study aimed to analyze the factors underlying online sexual harassment in female adolescents. This study was conducted using a qualitative and descriptive phenomenological approach. The participants (n = 15) were selected through purposive sampling from 15-19-year-old female adolescents in Tehran who had a history of online sexual harassment at least once. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews until the data were theoretically saturated. Two additional interviews were conducted to ensure data saturation. The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s seven-step method with MAXQDA-2020 software. Data analysis revealed 20 subthemes, 11 main themes (intrapersonal psychological factors, interpersonal psychological factors, the role of culture, the influence of the media, the role of peers, the role of the family, unrestricted online interactions, the feeling of no identity in cyberspace, the role of people online, unawareness, and inadequate training), and 4 core themes (predisposing psychological factors, predisposing social and cultural factors, the role of cyberspace structure, and unawareness and inadequate training). The insights from this study implied that people close to adolescents can play a big role in preventing and stopping online sexual harassment by providing support, giving information, and responsible reporting. Moreover, professionals can prevent online sexual harassment in female adolescents by developing effective training programs based on the factors underlying online sexual harassment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of qualitatively investigating the growth of career identity of novice family counselors in the context of social and interpersonal relationships.

In terms of methodology, this research was carried out with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method (data base). The study population included 12 family counselors in Tehran with inclusion criteria in the first 6 months of 1401 (Persian calendar), who were selected and participated in the research using the purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the method of constant comparative analysis of Strauss and Corbin (2014) in three stages of open, central and selective coding.

The results showed that the career identity growth of new family counselors has the main themes of importance of job, commitment and job centrality, job attachment, pure and practical aspects of consulting identity, and professional orientation in the job. This course shows that for a family counselor at the beginning of his development, counseling becomes twice important and later becomes the central core of his identity. Finally, a consultant tries to advance to the stage of becoming a professional.

The identity of counselors is mainly interpersonal in nature. Striving for social well-being and responsibility towards the community is the center of gravity of the occupational identity of family counselors

The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting family continuity among infertile couples with marital satisfaction. The statistical population of the study included  infertile couples with marital satisfaction in Isfahan and the the sample was selected based on the process of saturation, including 9 infertile couples with marital satisfaction whose ideas were questioned through a semi-structured interview….after completing the Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (ENRICH).The obtained data were analyzed using a qualitative method based on data analysis in the field theory method. Based on the key findings from interviews with infertile couples with marital satisfaction, continuing family factors include personal factors, religious beliefs, financial independence, family support, similar beliefs, counseling, successful sex, lack of childbearing priority, negative attitude toward divorce, attention to Other aspects of life, are involuntary marriage, relationship management, and difficult acceptance. It is expected that paying attention to these factors in forming a family and creating or strengthening them in the life of infertile couples will increase marital satisfaction and life expectancy

The present research aimed to determine the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers using a qualitative method and Grounded Theory approach.

The studied population in this research included all the nurse mothers working in imam Reza hospital in Bojnourd in 1397 which were selected by purposive sampling method .The researcher ,then, conducted deep semi-structured he continued to interview 4 more. The data were analyzed using the qualitative method and Grounded Theory approach.

The findings regarding the research question (What are the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers in choosing a child upbringing method?) suggested that the conditions governing any workplace, any family and any upbringing situation are among the general factors that are considered to be determining factors in choosing a child upbringing method.

It was eventually revealed that the factors pertinent to family and work environments, which interfere with the nature of mother-child interactions, are among the upcoming challenges to working nurse mothers in choosing a child upbringing method.

Cancer is an incurable disease that causes deep anxiety in patients and affects their life expectancy. Given that the dominant culture in Iran originate from Islam, the purpose of this research is study of life expectancy in the shadow of Islamic lifestyle.

This is a qualitative study and was done by Phenomenology method. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 18 cancer patients in Tehran. This study was conducted by using the targeted sampling and then data analysis was performed by content analysis method.

The data show the common themes such as positive attitude, faith in God, family and social relationships are common themes for life expectancy in two groups, that these commonalities can be considered due to their presence in the same community and under the influence of the same teachings.

The results indicate the fundamental and effective role of beliefs, family and positive thinking in increasing life expectancy of cancer patients.

The purpose of this research was to qualitatively investigate the occupational identity based on the existential components of new family counselors. In order to identify the effective factors in the job identity of novice family counselors based on existential components, the grounded theory method was used. Data collection was done using in-depth interviews conducted by the researcher. In this study, in order to know the effective factors in the existential components of novice family counselors, all novice family counselors in Tehran in 1400-1401 were considered as the research population. The results of the research were determined in the form of 58 open codes, 9 central codes, and 2 selective codes, which indicated that touching existential concerns such as death, meaning, loneliness, authenticity, freedom, and responsibility, along with the dimensions of occupational identity, play an effective role in It provides the formation of the identity of the counselors And it is very important.

The parent-adolescent communication is an essential element in transitioning the adolescent to adulthood. This study aimed to illustrate a new ongoing parent-adolescent structure that is happening in Iran, and examines changes in family patterns.
A qualitative thematic analysis was performed on data collected from 24 interviews with adolescents, and their parents in 2021. The samples were recruited through purposeful sampling. This study was conducted within nine months. The interviewees were four boys and eight girls (M=17) and one of their parents, whether their mother or father. Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The method of data analysis was the Colaizzi descriptive method.
Thematic analysis revealed a new interaction pattern that did not exist in the previous generation. There were four main themes in parental patterns namely; adaptive pattern, influenced-pattern, democratic pattern, expertise-centric pattern, and also nine sub-themes. In adolescence, the only pattern was the democratic pattern with four sub-themes, which leads to new expectations from adolescents, like having an equal power hierarchy.
Conversely, to what has been thought, parents have a significant and distinct role in parent-adolescent interaction changes. A large part of this was due to their bad memories or deprivation of good parenting when they were a child. These results can be used for planning macro-political, and socio-economic policies concerning future parent-adolescent interaction trends.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of family interactions in the formation of students’ resilience by adopting the qualitative approach using phenomenology. The population of the study included all male students of junior high schools in Sabzevar, Iran, during the 2021-22 academic year. The participants were selected using the logic of Targeted Sampling and convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interviews with 12 students continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The analysis of the data produced by the interviews on the role of family interactions in the formation of students’ resilience resulted in the identification of 58 subcomponents and 6 main components including effective verbal interactions, effective emotional interactions, effective methods of family management, effective communicative networks, nurturing life skills by parents, and families’ cultural-spiritual interactions. The findings of the study enriched insights concerning the role of family interactions in the formation of students’ resilience and provided the necessary context for the development of practical educational programs to increase students’ resilience.

The aim of this study is to identify the components of parental psychological annoyance transmitted to children based on parents’ life reviews.

Present study is qualitative research based on grounded theory through purposeful and theoretical sampling. The population of the study was selected among Iranian parents aged 35 to 50years with adolescent children [boys or girls aged 13 to 18 years] living in Tehran city who had participated in an in-depth and semi-structured interview voluntarily for data gathering. After the realization of theoretical saturation in the eighteenth interview, the Glaser method was used to analyze the data.

The analysis of annoyance types was divided into four components with its perceptual factors as annoyance caused by communication space, annoyance caused by interactions, annoyance caused by parenting style, and annoyance caused by living conditions.

In addition to the increase of insight and deep understanding of the areas and components of annoyance and its transmission in the family, The results of the study can provide the necessary content to design preventive programs.

The aim of the current study was to present a grounded theory based on the factors affecting formation of spouse selection criteria. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Participants in the study included 24 young people seeking marriage in Ilam city who had referred to a premarital counseling center in 2020. These individuals were selected through purposive sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. To analyze the data, the three-stage coding and classification method of grounded theory (Strauss and Corbin) were utilized. The results of the study showed that the categories self-concept and individual values as causal conditions, cultural factors, familial factors, and economic conditions of society as contextual conditions, media, marital experiences of significant others, direct and indirect personal experiences in social interactions, one’s social status and job requirements as intervening conditions, consulting with experienced people, receiving counseling and psychological services, and studying about psychology and counseling as strategies, and self-knowledge and awareness of the factors leading to successful marriage were identified as consequences of this model. Given the multiplicity and breadth of categories affecting the formation of the criteria, planners and policymakers in the field should provide the necessary facilities for holding educational programs and providing counseling services so as to pave the way for increasing the awareness and insight of young people in order to improve the quality of marriage.

Communicating with the opposite sex is an important part of human life, especially for young people; several factors, including sexual education, are influential in the degree of tendency or non-tendency to such relationships. The aim of this study was to investigate sexual education in girls with premarital relationships. The study population consisted of young girls who had experienced premarital sex with the opposite sex (whether sexual, emotional, or emotional-sexual). The samples included 12 female students in the age group of 22-28 and living in Tehran in 2019- 2021 and had such relationships and were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. Colaizzi's method was used to analyze the data. The results identified 2 main categories, 7 subcategories, and 20 primary concepts. The two main categories are family performance and attitude in relation to sex education and sociocultural information resources related to sex education. The present study showed that the lack of proper sexual education, either directly or indirectly, leads people to establish a relationship with the opposite sex before marriage; Therefore, it is suggested to hold meetings based on providing sex education to parents and educators in centers such as kindergartens, schools, and neighborhood centers, and apply suitably and enhancing educational methods to them. Also, in order to prevent the increasing prevalence of premarital relationships, it is recommended that universities, families, officials, and cultural planners use preventive programs in this direction.

With the outbreak of the corona virus in late 2019 in China and its rapid epidemic in the world, this issue has become a global problem with physical and psychological risks.  Since healthcare workers are on the frontline of fighting against this disease, they are more exposed to physical and mental injuries than other people. This study was conducted to investigate the perceived stress of women healthcare workers during the outbreak of corona virus.

Methods and Materials: 

This research was conducted by qualitative method and with phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of all women healthcare workers working in Covid-19 special wards in Tehran in 1399. 10 participants were selected by using purposeful and snowball sampling and were subjected to semi-structured interviews.  After reaching data saturation, interviews were conducted with 2 other participants and sampling was stopped after no new data. Then, data analysis was performed by Collaizi's descriptive method.

Findings of interview analysis were presented in two parts: "Unpleasant feelings and thoughts" and "Restrictive and avoidant behaviors. The results of this study can be used to identify and reduce stressors in similar situations to reduce perceived stress.

The most frequent stressors in the interviewees' conversations (words) were unpleasant feelings and thoughts about physical health and restrictive and avoidant behaviors in the family environment.

Studies have shown that changes caused by chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) can not only affect the mental health and self-esteem of these patients, Rather, a positive self-image and high self-esteem are the best predictors of a person with MS. Despite studies on the self-esteem of Mitella patients with MS, few studies have been conducted to discover strategies that affect their self-esteem.

The aim of this study was to discover psychosocial strategies effective in reducing or increasing self-esteem in women with multiple sclerosis.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and custom / conventional analysis method in 2020 and 2021 in Tehran. The population or field studied in this study included all available women with MS in Tehran (with confirmation of membership in the Iranian MS Association) in 2020 and the first half of 2021. The research sample was saturated by selecting 11 women with MS using snowball sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to collect data.

Analysis of participants' experiences led to the identification of three main categories of another experience, nurture yourself, grown inhibition for participants with high self-esteem, and 1 main category entitled frustration for participants with low self-esteem.

The results of the present study showed that women with MS can restore their self-esteem and move towards greater adaptation to the disease by thinking about advancing another life experience, using their remaining resources and accepting and coping with the disease. The findings also suggest that physical despair, over-focusing on the past and being passive in the face of illness can destroy a patient's self-esteem, and ultimately challenge the patient's acceptance and recovery process.

The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of the experiences of spouse selection in divorce-seeking individuals.

The present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and phenomenological design. The participants consisted of 10 divorce-seeking individuals, whom were referred with their spouse to the family court of Dezful to file for divorce. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the seven-step Colaizzi method.

The results showed that the process of dating in divorce-seeking individuas lies in the two ends of the dating continuum: unconventional and deconstructive or completely traditional and without gradually getting to know each other. Also in divorce-seeking individuals, ignorance, forced marriage or marriage based on emotional criteria, benefits and materialities, caused the criteria to be disregarded, or the criteria did not match the potential future spouse. As a result, the process of determining the criteria was taken lightly.

If the process of dating and determining the criteria is taken lightly or without awareness and self-determination (freedom), marriage, whether traditional or non-traditional, is more likely to lead to a decision to separate.

This study aimed to investigate the familial lived experiences of Iranian living in Canada. In 2019, 16 Iranians living in Canada who were at least 18 years old and resided for one year were selected by purposive sampling method and in-depth interviews were conducted. The study design was qualitative using semi-structured interview and observation method and analysis was performed by grounded theory approach through method of open, axial, and selective coding among the basic concepts of 57open codes, 5 axial codes (family avoidance, intergenerational gap, separation, new challenges, and self-actualization) and 2 selective codes (deconstructionism, independence, and individual growth) were selected. The findings showed that a set of conditions such as the type of behavior of immigrant families in the past and the difference between lifestyles and attitudes of generations can damage the intergenerational relationship and make people avoid the family structure. On the other hand, experiences of being away from home, can deepen people’s attitudes toward life, and can be significant in the development of their personality and independence in their life decisions.

The present research aims to study the understanding of teachers, students and parents from Influential characteristics of good teachers' counselling role from the perspective of teachers, students and parents that can be employed beside teachers' educational role. The statistical population consisted of teachers, students and parents which was done in the form of Grounded theory through semi structured interviews by targeted sampling:17 teachers,36 students (18 high scores and 18 low scores) and 25 parents were included in the sample group. Based on the findings, participating teachers found the main influential features of the teacher counselling role in two main categories: " improving teacher counselling techniques" and " improving teachers' personal and family life skills"," students in three main categories: " Academic counselling"," non-academic counselling" and ethical counselling" and parents in three main categories:" parents understanding about their children problems", "familiarity of teachers and school management about parents problems" and " parents awareness of school problems and its management". The result is that in schools where students are deprived of a counsellor, most of the students' problems can be solved through counselling role of good teachers. Here the teacher does not replace the counsellor, but only tries to improve the performance of teachers and quality of guidance and counselling services of the school.

The aim of this study was to investigate the communication patterns of Conflicting women. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The research population consisted of available conflicting women in Tehran in 1399 and the population was equal to the target sample. According to the inclusion criteria, conflicting women were selected and sampling was continued until data saturation. A total of 15 women were studied through semi-structured interviews and the findings were analyzed by the Colaizzi’s method. The main themes in the present study include the two main themes of "maladaptive communication patterns" including the sub-themes of "negative physical exchanges", "negative verbal exchanges", "negative emotional exchanges", "difficulty in expressing emotions", "adverse reaction to a spouse's mistake". "Lack of attention to the feedback process", "Inefficient marital relations", "Inefficient response to problems", "Difficulty in expressing demands", "Ineffective dialogue", "Non-cooperation", and "coexistence" and the main theme of "adaptive communication patterns" The sub-themes included "optimal response to error", "effective nonverbal communication", "effective response to problems", "ease of expression" and "effective dialogue". Findings indicated that the manifestation of marital conflict in various aspects of the lives of women with conflict such as problem-solving patterns, expressing demands, methods, and subjects of conversation, and division of their duties. On the other hand, some participants were able to maintain a positive pattern in areas such as non-verbal communication and expression of demands.

The current research aims at the investigating the relationship between religious attitudes and social anxiety of female students of Yazd university. The research is categorized as quantitative and applied in which correlation is used in order to determine the relation between variables. The population was all the female students of Yazd University in 2018, 150 of which was chosen through random sampling. The research tools were Seraj Zadeh’s religious attitudes questionnaire and social phobia inventory of connor. Pearson was used to determine the relation between variables and multiple linear regression was used to determine the predicted variance. The results showed that there is an inverse and significant relationship between religious attitudes and social anxiety. All of the dimentions of religious attitudes were in significant relation with social anxiety but the experimental one. The consequential dimension was in significant and direct relation with social anxiety while the belief and ritualistic dimensions are in significant and inverse relation with social anxiety. The analysis of data showed that religious attitude can predict 15 percent of variance of social anxiety.