فهرست مطالب elaheh honarkar shafie

Recent changes in dietary habits have resulted in increased intake of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are known to have a predominant contribution to the pathogenesis and complications of coronary artery disease (CAD). AGEs are also thought to induce weight gain by affecting appetite, energy expenditure, and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we investigated whether the restriction of dietary AGEs could affect appetite, body composition, anthropometric indices, and BAT?derived markers in CAD patients treated with angioplasty.

Forty?two stented CAD patients were randomly allocated into two groups that received either a low?AGEs or a control diet for 12 weeks. At baseline and postintervention, fasting blood samples were analyzed for total AGEs, nesfatin?1, and BAT?derived markers (fibroblast growth factor 21 and neuregulin 4). Subjective appetite ratings and body composition were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and bioelectric impedance analysis. Anthropometric indices, including fat mass index (FMI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and body adiposity index (BAI), were calculated through the relevant formula.

Restricting dietary AGEs for 12 weeks could cause a significant reduction in weight, FMI, AVI, and BAI (P < 0.05) compared to the comparison group. In  addition, VAS data analyses indicated a significant decrease in the sense of hunger and prospective food intake (P < 0.05) in the intervention group compared to the comparison group. No significant difference was seen in the measured biochemical markers between the two groups.

This study indicated that the low?AGEs diet could decrease appetite, weight, and anthropometric indices in stented CAD patients.

 Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4), a novel brown fat-enriched factor, has been reported to play a crucial role in developing metabolic disorders. The current case-control study aimed to investigate the association between serum Nrg4 and coronary artery disease (CAD).

 This study enrolled 43 patients with CAD and 43 subjects with normal coronary arteries diagnosed by coronary angiography. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured and recorded. The serum Nrg4 level was determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships between circulating Nrg4 and CAD and other clinical parameters were analyzed. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied to assess the utility of Nrg4 in identifying CAD.

The study population comprised 86 patients, including 64 men (74.4%), at a mean age of 57.83±6.01 years. Patients with CAD had significantly lower serum Nrg4 than the control group (P<0.001). The serum Nrg4 level was negatively correlated with anthropometric variables, including the body mass index, waist circumference, and the waist-to-hip ratio, fasting blood glucose, and the triglyceride-glucose index (P<0.05). In multivariable-adjusted regression analysis, the odds of CAD decreased by 46% per 1 SD elevation in the serum Nrg4 level (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.73; P<0.001) after controlling for potential confounders. Nrg4 showed a significantly high area under the curve value (AUC, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.94) with 81.4% sensitivity and 95.3% specificity to identify CAD.

 Generally, the serum level of Nrg4 declines in patients with CAD, which might be an independent risk factor for CAD.

Insulin resistance (IR), even in its subclinical state, is a significant risk factor for the onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). IR is a multifactorial condition, and dietary composition is a factor associated with its development. Elevated advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the body, secondary to highly processed food consumption, can impair glucose metabolism. The present study investigated whether a restricted AGE diet could affect insulin sensitivity and anthropometric indices reflecting visceral adipose tissue in nondiabetic CAD patients.

This trial randomly allocated 42 angioplasty-treated patients to follow either low-AGE or control diets based on the AHA/NCEP guidelines for 12 weeks. Serum levels of total AGEs, insulin, HbA1c, and fasting blood sugar, as well as anthropometric measurements, were evaluated before and after the intervention. The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and anthropometric indices were calculated according to the proposed formula. The patients’ health status was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) at baseline and after the intervention.

Our study showed a significant reduction in anthropometric indices in the low-AGE group after 12 weeks. Insulin levels and IR decreased during the low-AGE diet. No significant changes were observed in the other serum biochemical markers. All SAQ domains significantly decreased in both groups, except for Treatment Satisfaction.

A low-AGE diet for 12 weeks had beneficial effects on HOMA-IR and insulin levels in patients with CAD. Regarding the fundamental role of AGE in IR development and body fat distribution, AGE restriction may positively affect these patients.

Ferrous sulfate is the most used supplement for treating anemia, but it can result in unfavorable side effects. Nowadays, nanotechnology is used as a way to increase bioavailability and decrease the side effects of drugs and nutrients. This study investigates the effects of nanoparticles containing iron on blood and inflammatory markers in comparison to ferrous sulfate in anemic rats.
To induce the model of hemolytic anemia, 50 mg/kg bw phenylhydrazine was injected intraperitoneally in rats on the 1st day and 25 mg/kg bw for the four following days. Then, rats were randomly divided into five groups. No material was added to the nipple of the Group 1 (control). Group 2 received 0.4 mg/day nanoparticles of iron; Group 3 received 0.4 mg/day ferrous sulfate, and Groups 4 and 5 received double dose of iron nanoparticle and ferrous sulfate, respectively for ten days.
Hemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) in Group 2 were significantly higher than Group 3 (P Single dose of nanoparticles had more bioavailability compare to ferrous sulfate, but this did not occur for the double dose. Furthermore, both doses of nanoparticles caused lower inflammation than ferrous sulfate.

According to the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in developing countries as well as high treatment expenses for patients and health-care systems, CVD prevention in such societies has a great importance. One of the most effective strategies is improvement of knowledge and attitude towards the CVD risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of females on CVD risk factors and also the relationship between knowledge and attitude with obesity indices and biochemical parameters.
This cross-sectional study was performed on 89 women with the age range of 11 to 67 years old and BMI of 24 to 51 kg/m2. Participants were interviewed face to face using a valid questionnaire in order to evaluate their knowledge and attitude on CVD risk factors. Blood sampling was implemented after 12 h of overnight fasting. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were assessed by enzymatic methods. Anthropometric measurements were performed and obesity indices were calculated.
More than 70% of participants had moderate or good knowledge and attitude about CVD risk factors. Participant's knowledge and attitude had a significant positive association with educational level and a significant reverse relationship with age, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and obesity indices.
Results of this study indicated that knowledge and attitude levels on CVD risk factors affect the obesity indices and metabolic profile. Hence, knowledge and attitude enhancement is the main target and initial step in improving life quality and preventing cardiovascular diseases.

Food insecurity is a global problem with considerable health impacts and is especially important in children as it can affect their learning ability. The present study was designed to determine household food insecurity status, intelligence quotients (IQ) and their associations with some relevant factors in village of Qehi, Esfahan.
Subjects and Design: This study was conducted in 2016 on all of the children under the age of seven years in village of Qehi. The nutritional status of participants was determined by measuring their heights and weights. General information, FFQ and USDA questionnaires were used to collect data about households socio-economic and food security status during interviews with mothers. Goodenough Draw-A-Person test was used to assess the participants’ IQ. The prevalence of household food insecurity was 50%. There were significant associations between food insecurity and children sex and mother’s job status. Food insecurity was positively associated with number of household members (P Food insecurity was prevalent among households in the studied population and it was associated with socio-economic factors. Based on these associations, food assistance programs and education is necessary in the studied population.

The prevalence of obesity in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Obesity greatly impacts quality of life(QoL). The present study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and QoL among the elderly, in Tehran, Iran.
This cross-sectional study (observational) was conducted in 2014 in Tehran, Iran. A total of 421 elderly people aged ≥ 60 years old were recruited using simple random sampling methods. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by standard methods; body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight. QoL was evaluated by the Persian language version of the SF-36 questionnaire.The alpha value was set at 0.05 to indicate the statistical significant level. Independent samples t-tests and Chi-square tests were used for comparing the quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukeys’ post-hoc test, was used to compare mean scores of SF-36 scales between BMI groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for investigating the relationship between SF-36 scores and anthropometric parameters.
The mean age of participants was 77.6 ± 8.6 years. The frequency of obesity and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 59.4% (57.2% in males and 60.6% in females). Except for the mental health scale, for all other SF-36 scale mean scores, participants with overweight or obesity had lower scores compared to their normal weight counterparts (p The results of present study persist on importance of preserving normal weight on improving quality of life in elderly. Although the observed association in this study was bidirectional and prospective studies are needed to investigate the cause and effect relationship.