elham goodarzi

Physical activity with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects can play a critical role in the health of individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of resistance training and curcumin consumption on inflammatory indicators and oxidative stress in obese men.

The present study was conducted based on a quasi-experimental design. The studied population consists of obese men aged 38-43 years. The sample size was estimated to be 40 individuals, who were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 using a random number table. The training program lasted for eight weeks, with three sessions per week. An 80 mg curcumin supplement was administered. Blood samples were collected before and after the final session. Data analysis involved one-way analysis of variance, paired t-test, and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05.

The amount of catalase enzyme in resistance training groups (P=0.012), curcumin supplement (P=0.032), and resistance training group with curcumin consumption (P<0.001) were associated with a significant increase. Nonetheless, it was not significant in the control group (P=0.991). Furthermore, the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the experimental groups displayed a significant decrease (P<0.05), whereas these changes were not significant in the control group (P<0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, it can be stated that the consumption of curcumin may be effective in suppressing the inflammation caused by obesity. This is due to its potent antioxidant effects and its combination with resistance training.

Prostate cancer (PC) ranks as the second most commonly diagnosed neoplasia and the fifth cause of death in men with cancer, with an increasing trend in incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological situation of prostate cancer and relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the Asian continent.

All accessible data sources from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study were used to estimate the prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years and burden prostate cancer in Asia from 1990 to 2019. We estimated all-cause and cause-specific mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). All estimates were presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100 000 population, with uncertainty intervals (UIs). Concentration Index analysis and Concentration Curve were used to determine the relationship between Prostate cancer burden and human development index.

The highest incidence of prostate cancer in Asia in 2019 is Japan (90.5 per 100,000) and the highest mortality rate is Georgia (27.87 per 100,000). The highest DALY, YLL and YLD of prostate cancer is Georgia. The results showed that the percentage of changes in the incidence in 1990-2019 was positive in all countries of the Asian continent except for Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan. The results of the concentration index showed that the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer is more concentrated in countries with a high HDI level. Examining the DALY, YLL and YLD index also showed the value of concentration index, which shows that DALY, YLL and YLD of prostate cancer are more concentrated in countries with high HDI level.

Given that the incidence, mortality and burden of prostate cancer are increasing in most Asian countries and are mostly concentrated in the HDI drawers, obtaining accurate estimates in these countries to prepare for the potential change in public health burden due to this disease which is very important.

The onset of mental disorders usually begins in childhood and carries a high individual and collective burden. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence, mortality, and burden of neurological disorders in children during the years 1990-2019 in Iran.

This study is a correlational analytical study during the years 1990-2019 in Iran. In this study, the indicators of incidence, death, prevalence, and disease burden (the index of years of life lost due to premature death and disability) were used. To examine the epidemiological indicators with the dimensions of the human development index, the concentration index was used. Analyzes were performed using Stata-14 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The highest incidence of neurological disorders in both sexes is related to 2019 (8444.82 per 100000) and the highest prevalence of neurological disorders in Iran is related to 1998 (17549.2 per 100000). The most years of life lost due to premature death are related in 1990, it was (218/58 per 100,000). The concentration index for incidence was -0.018 (-0.029, -0.007), death -0.15 (-0.202, -0.11), and prevalence -0.02 (-0.034, -0.005), which shows that incidence, death, and prevalence are more concentrated in years It has been that the socio-economic situation has been weaker. A significant relationship was observed between the death rate caused by neurological disorders and the dimensions of human development. Considerably, with the increase in life expectancy, average years of education, and gross national income, the death rate due to neurological disorders in children decreases significantly.

Considering that from 2015 to 2019, we have seen an increasing trend, therefore attention should be paid to the factors related to the occurrence of these disorders in children, and since the increase in life expectancy and the level of education causes a decrease in the mortality associated with these disorders, attention Improving these indicators can be effective in reducing the mortality of these children.

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). It is a potentially deadly disease with grave consequences for public and global health. This study compared laboratory indices in recovered and fatal COVID-19 cases.

In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, sampling was conducted using the total count method, and the data was collected from the Borujerd Health Network's Disease Management Center database. From February 20, 2020, to July 21, 2020, 380 patients with positive PCR tests were included. The extracted data was exported into Stata-14 software. To analyze descriptive objectives, mean, percentage, standard deviation, Chi-squared test, and t-test were used.

Out of 380 positive COVID-19 cases, 300 patients recovered, and 80 lost their life. More than half of the recovered and fatal cases were men (55.16%). The highest mortality rate belonged to 80 ≤ years (27.5%). Among fatal cases, 38.75% had no underlying disease, and the most common underlying diseases were diabetes (27.5%), chronic hypertension (18.75%), and malignancy (7.5%). Comparison of laboratory indices revealed a significant difference in the mean LHD, Na, K, BUN, BS, PT, AST, ALT, ALP, and ALP Hb between recovered and fatal cases (P <0.05).

This finding can help determine patients' prognoses and adjust the treatment approach. Further studies on paraclinical characteristics will shed further light on the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and appropriate treatment measures.

Viral hepatitis is one of the most prevalent diseases and an important underlying cause of death and disability in the world. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the outbreak of hepatitis A in Boroujerd in 2019.

This case-control study was conducted to investigate the epidemic of hepatitis A in Boroujerd in 2019. Fifty hepatitis A patients were recruited. For each patient diagnosed, two controls with no history of the disease were selected from a neighboring village. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire as well as the results of experiments. To investigate the association between the disease and risk factors, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were used.

In this study, the odds ratios were significant for a number of risk factors including washing fruits and vegetables with a source other than tap water [OR = 3.2], washing dishes with a source other than tap water [OR = 3.7], non-sanitary toilets [OR = 8.3], using sources other than tap water when there is no tap water [OR = 4.4], being unaware of the disease and its transmission methods [OR = 4.8] and water well dug less than 15 m from the sewage well (OR = 4.1).

Increased public awareness and improved health status of the environment and rural sewage can preclude similar epidemics in the study area and other regions.

Anthrax is a zoonotic infectious disease that is still considered as a health problem in developing countries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of anthrax using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This study is descriptive analytical study. Information on anthrax was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The highest incidence of anthrax during 2010-2015 was observed in the provinces of Kurdistan, North Khorasan, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, respectively. The trend of the incidence of anthrax in Iran had increased from 2010 to 2013, while its incidence decreased in 2014. Based on the results of modeling in Iran, the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azarbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan, respectively, with 37.16%, 33.83%, 16.78%, and 10.49% of their area (km²) had the highest risk of anthrax disease in the country in the year 2021.

Since the provinces of Kurdistan, West Azerbaijan, Tehran, and Zanjan are among the high-risk areas in the country in the coming years, the cooperation between the veterinary organization and the health care system and the vaccination of livestock in these areas can significantly help to control and prevent the disease.

Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis, which causes inflammation of the lungs and respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of pertussis using the geographic information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, the ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, the disease prediction map was drawn.
using the Raster Calculator tool.

The results showed that the highest incidence of pertussis during 2009-2015 was in Zanjan, Qom, Mazandaran, and Qazvin provinces. The incidence of pertussis in Iran increased from 0.74 in 2009 to 1.53 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin, and Zanjan provinces, with 76.76%, 73.69%, 66.32%, 30.94% and 24.18% of their areas (Km2), are at high risk for pertussis in the coming years, respectively.

The incidence of the disease has been increasing in recent years, indicating the emergence of the disease in Iran. The modeling maps show that the Iranian provinces of Qom, Tehran, Zanjan, and Qazvin are at risk of the disease incidence in the coming years, indicating the need for planning, appropriate interventions and more precise implementation of the vaccination program against the disease.

Leptospirosis is known as a public health problem in developing and developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of leptospirosis using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.  

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on leptospirosis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, The ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The results showed that the highest incidence of leptospirosis during 2009-2015 was observed in Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan provinces, respectively. The incidence of the disease had an increasing trend from 2013 to 2015. Based on the results of the modeling in Iran, the provinces of Gilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan, with 72.18%, 8.54%, and 4.95% of their area, respectively, have the largest areas at a high-risk for leptospirosis in the coming years.

The prevalence of leptospirosis is affected by geographical and climatic conditions of every region; thus, the incidence of the disease is higher in the provinces located at the Caspian coastal side and in some regions in Semnan province. Hence, if health authorities pay more attention to developing health plans to prevent the disease, the risk of disease in these areas will be reduced in the future.

Salmonella induced infections remain one of the most important health problems worldwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of typhoid using GIS and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021. 

This study is a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2009-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency Therefore, using the Raster Calculator tool, the disease prediction map was drawn.

The results showed that the highest incidence of typhoid during 2009-2014 was in Kermanshah, Lorestan, Hamadan, Kurdistan, and Ilam provinces. The incidence of typhoid in Iran increased during 2009-2010. The annual incidence of typhoid decreased from 0.85 per 100,000 in 2010 to 0.5 in 2014. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam and Hamadan provinces with 92.17%, 46.56%, 31.74%, 25.62% and 22.96% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for typhoid in the coming years, respectively.

Considering that the provinces of Kermanshah, Lorestan, Kurdistan, Ilam, and Hamadan are at risk of typhoid incidence in the coming years in Iran, and given that salmonella infections have a direct relationship with the individual’s health status and individual’s environmental health and socioeconomic status, improving the health status and disease control in carriers as well as improving the socio-economic status of the population living in these areas can prevent the disease in the years to come.

Meningitis is classified as a medical emergency where the identification and early treatment of bacterial meningitis can eliminate serious consequences, such as hearing loss, memory problems, learning disabilities, brain damage, seizures, and death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and geographical distribution of meningitis using Geographic Information system (GIS) and to predict its incidence in Iran in 2021.

This was a descriptive analytical study. Information on pertussis was obtained from the Center for Communicable Diseases Control during 2010-2015. In the next step, ArcGIS 9.3 was used to prepare geographic maps of the disease incidence and frequency. Then, the disease prediction map was drawn using the Raster Calculator tool.

The results showed that the highest incidence of meningitis during 2010-2015 was in Qazvin, Qom, and Kurdistan provinces. The incidence of meningitis in Iran increased from 9.77 in 2010 to 10.33 in 2015. Based on the modeling results for Iran, Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamadan, and Mazandaran provinces with 78.89%, 74.68%, 70.07%, 43.97%, and 22.93% of their areas (Km2) are at high risk for meningitis in the coming years, respectively.

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that Qom, Qazvin, Kurdistan, Hamedan, and Mazandaran provinces are at risk of the disease. Monitoring vaccination in high-risk groups can partially prevent the incidence of the disease in these areas.

Insufficient physical activity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, plays an important role in the spread of non-communicable diseases.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of insufficient physical activity and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) in the world.

This is an ecological study, and the study data, including the human development index and the incidence of insufficient physical activity, were extracted from the World Bank’s database. The descriptive analysis included mean and standard deviation. The inferential analysis consisted of two-way correlation and ANOVA at a significance level of less than 0.05. The analyses were performed using Stata-14 software.

The highest incidence of insufficient physical activity in both sexes (39.26 [37.42, 40.95]) was found in the Americas, especially in high-income regions. There was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI in the world (r = 0.446, P < 0.0001). This correlation was also significant in Asia and Africa (P < 0.05). The results showed a positive correlation between components of HDI (i.e., gross national income per 1000 capita, mean years of schooling, life expectancy at birth, and expected years of schooling) and insufficient activity (P < 0.0001). The results of ANOVA also exhibited a significant relationship between the mean prevalence of physical inactivity and the level of development (P < 0.0001).

Given the significant correlation between the incidence of insufficient physical inactivity and HDI, understanding this correlation and its components, especially in low- and middle-income countries can alleviate the impact of physical inactivity epidemics in the future, thereby contributing to the effective global prevention of non-communicable diseases.

The cancer was considered the second cause of death from early infancy to 14 years of age after the inadvertent damage. Also, leukemia was reported as the most common type of cancer in infants. The current study was aimed to evaluate the epidemiology, incidence, and mortality rates of leukemia from early infancy to 14 years of age in South-Central Asia. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. In the current study, the incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in South-Central Asia were determined. The data were extracted from a Cancer Global Project in 2012 available at http://globocan.iarc.fr/Default.aspx. In South-Central Asia, 1514027 cases of cancer were recorded in 2012 in which 480267 cases (3.2%) were related to leukemia. The highest incidence rates of leukemia were reported for Iran, Kazakhstan, Sri Lanka, and Uzbekistan with the ratio of 3.6, 3.2, and 3 cases per 100000 people, respectively compared with the lowest incidence rates in Bangladesh, and Bhutan with the ratio of 0.8 and 0.9 cases per 100000 people, respectively in under14-year-old infants. Leukemia was reported as the most common type of cancer in infants, providing important information about possible changes of risk factors considering that its trend might help us to find critical ways so as to decrease the rate of cancer in infants.

Phenylketonuria(PKU) is a metabolic disorder that, if not detected and treated promptly, causes mental retardation. The use of the geographic information system (GIS) in favor of spreading the disease helps to control the disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the local pattern of the PKU disease using the GIS in Lorestan province from 2006 to 2016. The current descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the patients diagnosed with PKU in Lorestan province from 2006 to 2016. The statistical population included all cases identified between April 2006 and March 2016. The ArcGIS 9.3 software was used to provide geographic maps of the incidence and frequency of the disease. The results showed that Nourabad county had the highest number of larvae with 22 (72.29%), and the most cases with PKU disease were with 2 cases (99.2%). According to GIS maps, the incidence of PKU from 2006 to 2016 was on an ascending tide. The highest incidence in these years was related to Nurabad with an average of 5.7 per 10,000 live births and the lowest incidence related to Boroujerd county with more than 0.53 per 10,000 live births. According to the GIS map, Nourabad county has the highest incidence of PKU. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the majority of prevention programs for paternity screening and counseling couples, especially family marriages in the city, in order to reduce the incidence of this disease.

Eczema or atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent skin diseases in the world. Although, the disorder is not fatal, it can cause life quality reduction. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of atopic dermatitis on life quality of 1-6-year-old children.
The current study is a descriptive and analytical one designed to assess quality of life (QOL) in 1-6-year-old children with atopic dermatitis in Kurdistan province (West of Iran). All the children who attended skin clinic of Besat Hospital, Sanandaj- Iran, during 2014 and 2016, participated in the study. Quality of life questionnaires were used to obtain data. Parents of the participating children were asked to complete the questionnaire. Index of Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) was used to determine the severity of the disease. The study data were analysis using Stata-12 software.
During the study, 53 children with atopic dermatitis were identified and 66.04% were male. According to the classification of SCORAD index, 54.36% of the children (19 subjects) were included in the moderate group (SCORAD 14-40) and 63.46% (33 persons) in the severe group (SCORAD> 40). Mean of life quality score was 9.24 ± 10.48 (range 0-30) and there was no statistically significant difference between the genders (P >0.05).
There was a positive correlation between the quality of life and pain severity in AD children; and children with atopic dermatitis had low quality of life and itching, wound, discomfort and sleep disorder, were the factors that mainly impact on their life quality.

Hydatid cyst disease is one of the most common parasitic diseases of humans and animals caused by the larval stage of E. granulosis.This disease is prevalent in many parts of Iran and has a great importance. This study was conducted by the aim of assessing epidemiological of hydatid cyst in Isfahan province during 2011-2014.
In This routine data base study all records from patients with hydatid cyst during 2011-2014 at health centers under coverage of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were studied. Personal characteristics including gender, age, nationality, location, number of cysts and affected organ were obtained. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics including: frequency tables and graphs, and analytical statistics included T- student test in less than 5% error level using Stata software version 12.
Morbidity Ratio was higher in women compared with men (51.3% compared to 48.7%) and nearly 78% of them were living in urban areas. The average age of women were 42.1±18.6 and in men were 42.2 ± 19.8 (P.Value= 0.97). About 13.4% of patients were younger than 20 years and 37.5% of patients older than 50 years. Most of the patients (117 subjects) were housewives. In 66.8% of patient’s liver and in 27.9% of them lungs were involved. In 68.77% of patients abdominal pain was a chief complain.
In this study According to the majority of patients with hydatid cyst were female and housekeeper wives, the main cause of contamination can have more contact with the vegetables contaminated with parasite eggs.

Adolescence is a period of evolution that there is the incidence probability of risky behaviors such as drug abuse, risky sexual behavior and compatibility problems. The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2014.
This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, which cluster random sampling were used to selecting subjects. Young's Risk Behaviors Scale (YRBS) was used to evaluate risky behaviors and factors affecting it. The mean, standard deviation, Chi-square tests, t-tests and ANOVA were used to analysis of data.
The study was included 150 (50%) female and 150 (50%) male. The most frequency was the age group of 20-24 years old. There was a statistically significant difference between average scores of risky behaviors among female and male students (p˂0.05). The results of study showed that the prevalence of risky behaviors, high speed in driving and drug consumption is different in various fields of study (p˂0.05).
The prevalence of risky behaviors among students of Dezful University is relatively low, and the prevalence of these behaviors in girls was far less than male students. Risky behaviors were associated with background variables exception of mother's job.

Youth' healthiness depends on their hygiene behaviors. Doing promoting behaviors of healthiness is one of best ways of health protect and control. This study aimed to investigate promoting behaviors of healthiness in two physical activity and nutrition statue domains in high school students.
The study was descriptive-analytic of cross-sectional type study which was done on 800 students of second level of high school in Sabzevar- Iran, during 2015-2016. Sampling method was as clustered and tool of collecting data was questionnaire include: first part demographic information and second part standard of healthiness promoting behaviors (HPLP). Data were entered into using Stata version 12.0 after collecting and were analyzed with statistical-descriptive and Chi-square tests.
Average of physical activity in boys and girls were 18.27 ± 5.38 and 13.8 ± 6.3, respectively. There was a significant relationship between rate of student's physical activity with level of parent's education and educational grades of students. Boys had more physical activity compared to girls in terms of gender (P0.05); while, there was significant relationship between favorable nutritional statue and their educational grade levels, educational field and parent's occupation in students (P In current study, female students had less physical activity and required programming to improve more physical activities among girls. Parents who had higher educational level, their children had more suitable pattern in terms of physical activity and nutrition statue.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common endocrine diseases and one of the major causes of preventable mental retardation. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province, Iran.
In this cross-sectional study, all registered congenital hypothyroidism neonate of health centers of cities covered by Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences during 2006 to 2014 entered to study. Demographic and laboratory information of CH neonates was collected and entered into the Stata-12 and was analyzed using student t-test and Chi-square statistic and P- value less than 0.05 was considered.
Overall incidence rate during 2006 to 2014 for province was 1.8, 2.3, 3.2, 4.3, 3.3, 4.0, 3.6, 4.6 and 2.7, respectively per 1000 neonates in this period. The number of diagnosed patients was 855 cases including 519 (60.7%) boys and 336 (39.3%) girls who 516 (60.4%) cases were from urban areas. Of the total patients, 202 (22.6%) were permanent. There was no significant difference between gender, location, type of childbirth, and season of birth with transient and permanent types of disease (P˃0.05); while, there was a significant statistical relationship between consanguineous marriages and congenital hypothyroidism (P The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Kurdistan province is significantly higher than the global and country levels that emphasize the continuation and reinforcement of screening program of infants. Therefore, complementary studies are research priorities of the health system in Kurdistan province in order to clarify the environmental and genetic factors related.

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with hydatid cyst during 2011 to 2014.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Province, the Northeast of Iran, from 2011 to 2014. The study population was all cases with hydatid cyst who diagnosed in governmental and private laboratories, hospitals and health centers (HC) in Khorasan Razavi Province during 2011-14.
The prevalence rate of hydatidosis was 1.44 per 100000 individuals. Of 357 cases, 54.9% were women, 40.3% rural, 45.8% housewives, and 3.4% were Afghan. The mean age of women was higher than that of men (39.13±18.9 compared to 34.7±17.9 yr, respectively, P-value=0.025). The highest proportion of cases (39.2%) was in the age group of 21-40 yr old. Abdominal pain was reported in 42.3% of cases. Liver involvement was the most common localization of hydatid cyst reported in 59.4% of patients, and 8.4% had multiple organ involvement. The common diagnosis methods of the disease were radiology (42.3%) followed by CT scan (37.8%). 45.9% of patients had domestic dog and hygiene principles of washing the vegetables was adhered by 6.7% of patients.
The prevalence of human hydatidosis, as a most important neglected disease, should be considered by health policy-makers in public health domain. In addition, educational programs to better recognition of the disease symptoms, and to identify the infection sources are needed in high risk group of population.

Dilemma of abundance of dower’s files in courts and many requests about applying article 2 of the law the Implementation of financial convictions which is about arrested of husbands for advocating dower, lead to examine Inda Istita’a demand of dower in this article which is based on original sources of Ahlolsonah and Emamiyah and with adducing to the law. Inability in paying dower according to emphasize of Holy Qur’an in this verse “æ Çä ˜Çä Ðæ ÚÓÑÉ ÝäÙÑÉ Çáی ãیÓÑɔ encumbrance “the urgent condition” of paying dower to wife, and husband which is required to pay dower, would become exempt from any limitation and force (article 2 of law implementation of financial sentences). In this case the meaning of Inda Istita’a in instruction of registration of deeds and properties’ organization of country with number of 1385/11/7-1/34/53958 is that wife before husband’s financial ability couldn’t request for husband’s arrestment and procedure of dower. Thus we could conclude that in ordinary conditions, in case on financial inability of husband, the necessity of paying dower by him is canceled. Additionally even with assuming not accepting previous case, according to Islamic sects’ jurisconsults, if husband in the bet marriage mention Inda Istita’a condition for paying dower and wife accept this condition then for paying dower ability of husband for paying dower would be necessary.

Injuries and accidents are the first cause of death in the first 5 years of children life in the world; the present study was conducted to investigate the extent and distribution of accidents in the infants under one year in Hamadan Province, Iran.
This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was carried out using of data of injuries and accidents related to children under one year for Hamadan province in seven years period from March 2009 to March 2016. In this study we used data according national injuries and accidents recorded program. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as analytical statistics including the Chi-square test. Data were analyzed using Stata software version 12.
In this 7 year periods, 3,200 accidents were registered among children under one year. The highest occurrence of accidents was in the spring 1,029 (31.15% of cases). 1,890 (59.1%) of accidents occurred in the urban area and only 429 (13.4%) of them were in rural area. In total, car accidents (53.4%), trauma (12.6%) and fall from altitude (8.8%) had most frequency from all accidents. There was a significant difference between gender and place of accident with type of accident (P Car accident, trauma and fall were most common types of accident among under one year children. Accident among children can be controlled by improvement in planning and design results in safer homes, leisure areas and motor vehicles as well as increasing the awareness of parents for the risk of accidents in a variety of settings.

Injuries from accidents are the major and avoidable causes of illness and death in most countries of the world. Knowledge of the occurrence of accidents is of special importance to health policy makers. The aim of this study was to determine the injuries caused by accidents in emergency department of Hamadan province.
This study is descriptive-analytic from cross sectional type, that all patients referred to emergency department of hospitals in Hamadan province, during 2009 to 2014, were assessed. Data extracted from injury register software and was analyzed with Stata software version 12, at an inaccuracy of less than 5%.To determine the relation between sex and mechanism of injury chi square test was used.
A total of 135,925 patients were registered during this period. Mean age of patients was 30.19±18.4. 72.6% of cases were men and 39.74% in the age group of 20-34 years. Household accidents included 37.27% of the occurred accidents. Hitting (22.21%), car accidents (21.78%) and falling (10.69%), were the most accidents accounted in both sexes. There was a significant difference between sex and mechanism of injury (P Because the men in youth and middle age are the most victims of accidents, therefore a great economic burden is imposed on the society. Moreover, it is necessary to allocate precise educations for this age group and to take preventive strategies to reduce the burden of injuries related to accidents.